Contemporary Issues in Criminal Justice
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
This course examines current trends, challenges, and debates within the criminal justice system, focusing on topics such as policing strategies, sentencing reform, mass incarceration, and the impact of technology on crime and law enforcement. Students will analyze how social, political, and economic factors influence the justice system, evaluate policy responses to contemporary problems, and consider issues of equity, accountability, and reform. Through case studies and discussions, the course encourages critical thinking about the evolving nature of crime and justice in modern society.
Recommended Textbook
CJ Realities and Challenges 3rd Edition by
Ruth E. Masters
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16 Chapters
1103 Verified Questions
1103 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is the Criminal Justice System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the crime control model?
A)It advocates strong procedural protections that would support human rights.
B)It focuses on increasing the efficiency of arresting and processing of alleged criminals.
C)It focuses on quick response to and punishing criminal behavior.
D)It considers repression of criminal conduct as the most important function of criminal justice.
Answer: A
Q2) The crime control model is mainly focused on:
A)creating effective policies that focus on the human rights of offenders.
B)the efficient arrest and processing of alleged offenders.
C)the policies that deal with the rehabilitation of the arrested offenders.
D)creating constitutional protection policies for offenders.
Answer: B
Q3) Individuals who are most fearful of crime typically get their news from:
A)local news.
B)radio news.
C)the Internet.
D)national news.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Types of Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ refers to a killing in which an offender is provoked and loses control,slaying his or her victim in the heat of passion.
A)Serial murder
B)Mass murder
C)Involuntary manslaughter
D)Voluntary manslaughter
Answer: D
Q2) A foreigner entered the United States through a work visa.When the visa expired,he remained in the country without notifying the government.Which of the following offenses did the man commit?
A)Immigration
B)Property
C)Registration
D)Citizen
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Causes of Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Alex turned 14,he started hanging out with a new group of kids.These kids were on drugs most of the time and stole money from the stores in the neighborhood.Alex noticed that they never seemed to get caught or face any negative consequences for these actions.After gaining enough confidence,Alex shoplifted some items from a store.Which of the following theories best explains Alex's behavior?
A)The social learning theory
B)The looking-self theory
C)The strain theory
D)The biological theory
Answer: A
Q2) According to Travis Hirschi's social bond theory,which of the following terms refers to time spent engaged in conventional activities with others?
A)Belief
B)Commitment
C)Involvement
D)Attachment
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Criminal Law and Defenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ are laws enacted by local governments such as cities and counties.
A)Ordinances
B)Statutes
C)Restitutions
D)Torts
Q2) The ________ is a suggested code of criminal law drafted by the American Law Institute and used to guide the states in modernizing their laws.
A)American Law Institute Rule (AMLIR)
B)Model Penal Code (MPC)
C)Durham Rule (DR)
D)Hammurabi's Code (HC)
Q3) A person found guilty but mentally ill (GBMI)is:
A)recognized to be mentally ill,but is still considered criminally responsible for his crime.
B)acquitted of the criminal charges and discharged from the criminal justice system.
C)acquitted of the criminal charges and placed in a psychiatric hospital.
D)recognized to be mentally ill,but is not considered criminally responsible for his crime.
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Chapter 5: Overview of Policing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which jurisdiction was the first to pass an ordinance giving women the title and pay of "patrolman"?
A)Chicago
B)Miami
C)Los Angeles
D)New York
Q2) David works as one of the support personnel in the FBI.Which of the following is a position within the FBI that David is NOT likely to hold?
A)A special agent
B)A scientist
C)An information analyst
D)A language specialist
Q3) There is nothing more harmful to a law enforcement agency than:
A)profiling.
B)siege mentality.
C)officer misconduct.
D)discretion.
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Chapter 6: Policing Operations
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Sample Questions
Q1) A group of university students was granted permission to hold a rally.On the day of the rally,6,500 people gathered in a common area.The city's police department was called to help manage the crowds.At the rally,the role of the police was:
A)maintaining order.
B)providing a service.
C)all of these.
D)enforcing the law.
Q2) Why do police have the responsibility of enforcing traffic laws?
A)Automobiles are often used in the commission of crimes.
B)All of these answers are correct.
C)There is a relationship between crime and traffic incidents.
D)Police use their investigative skills to elicit statements and document facts relating to traffic collisions.
Q3) Which of the following is an indicator that a police department has implemented community policing strategies?
A)All of these answers are correct.
B)Officers patrolling by foot or by bicycle on a daily basis
C)Meeting with community groups
D)Employing full-time community resource officers
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Legal and Special Issues in Policing
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a Terry stop,a police officer is allowed to do all of the following EXCEPT:
A)question a person about his activities.
B)pat the individual down for weapons.
C)briefly detain a person.
D)arrest an individual.
Q2) Which of the following would be considered a private place according to Fourth Amendment standards?
A)A sidewalk
B)A trash bag in front of a home
C)An elevator in an office
D)A person's home
Q3) Which of the following cases does NOT define the lawful use of force?
A)Mapp v.Ohio
B)Saucier v.Katz
C)Graham v.Connor
D)Tennessee v.Garner
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Chapter 8: The Courts
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is argued that the judiciary lacks:
A)gender diversity.
B)ethnic diversity.
C)social class diversity.
D)all of these.
Q2) The most widely used system of indigent defense is:
A)the appointed counsel.
B)the assigned counsel.
C)a contracted attorney.
D)a merit appointment attorney.
Q3) Marcie works for a private law firm but takes indigent clients on a case-by-case basis and is paid a set fee for representing those clients.Marcie is:
A)a contracted attorney.
B)a public defender.
C)an assigned counsel.
D)a merit appointment attorney.
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Chapter 9: Pretrial and Trial
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Sample Questions
Q1) All defendants in ________ are entitled to a grand jury under the Fifth Amendment.
A)state civil lawsuits
B)federal felony cases
C)state felony cases
D)federal civil lawsuits
Q2) A grand jury is composed of ________ members.
A)12 to 23
B)6 to 9
C)9 to 12
D)15 to 25
Q3) Sally is on trial for drug trafficking.She was never notified of the specific charges against her.This is a violation of ________ due process.
A)automatic
B)substantive
C)procedural
D)total
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11
Chapter 10: Sentencing
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Latin phrase habeas corpus translates to:
A)dead body.
B)you have the body.
C)bring the body forward.
D)the body belongs to the state.
Q2) Research from Pennsylvania that examined sentences during periods with and without sentencing guidelines has found that female offenders:
A)receive harsher sentences than male offenders.
B)receive more lenient sentences than male offenders.
C)receive sentences that are equal to those for male offenders.
D)are hardly ever sentenced to prison.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true about executing offenders?
A)It costs approximately the same to execute offenders and house them in prison for life.
B)It is more expensive to execute offenders than to house them in prison for life.
C)It is cheaper to execute offenders than house them in prison for life.
D)None of these answers are correct.
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12
Chapter 11: Overview of Corrections
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers who study punishment believe that the motive for harsh punishment is not deterrence but:
A)retribution.
B)restoration.
C)incapacitation.
D)rehabilitation.
Q2) The term corrections can be traced back to the turn of the ________ century in America.
A)nineteenth
B)twenty-first
C)twentieth
D)eighteenth
Q3) The original purpose of a plague town was to:
A)force people to learn about the bubonic plague.
B)house criminals in places that contained people who were infected with plagues.
C)force people to pay off their debts.
D)confine people in communities infected by the bubonic plague.
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Chapter 12: Jails and Prisons
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Sample Questions
Q1) Prison gangs are also referred to as:
A)violent threat groups
B)special threat groups.
C)security threat groups.
D)prison threat groups.
Q2) The Supreme Court ruled that the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment is not applicable to overcrowding because:
A)the standard implies intent on the part of the perpetrator.
B)it could not be proved that prisoners suffered as a result of overcrowding.
C)individual prisoners cannot challenge their incarceration based on this standard.
D)overcrowding in prisons is a factor that is not controllable by either administration or government.
Q3) Some groups have suggested that an inmate's time in solitary confinement should be limited to ________ days.
A)365
B)180
C)90
D)30
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Chapter 13: Community Corrections
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Sample Questions
Q1) A(n)________ is an intermediate sanction that is used in place of incarceration.
A)prison
B)diversion
C)jail
D)arson
Q2) Jane has served all of the time allowed by law of her 19-year prison sentence for voluntary manslaughter.She is ultimately released without any consideration from the parole board because the law stipulates that she be released since she has served the entire sentence that she is required to serve.Jane has been released through:
A)probation release.
B)discretionary release.
C)conditional release.
D)mandatory release.
Q3) Sex offender registers:
A)act as a deterrent to repeat sex offenders.
B)do not act as a deterrent to repeat offenders.
C)effectively protect society from repeat offenders.
D)are extremely expensive.
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Chapter 14: Understanding and Helping Victims
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you have been a victim of rape and decide to visit the nearest emergency room,you would most likely be seen by a ________ who is specially trained in examining sexual assault victims.
A)sexual assault nurse practitioner
B)sexual assault nurse examiner
C)counselor
D)sex-determination nurse
Q2) Stephanie is a recent victim of sexual assault.While recovering,Stephanie has received several therapeutic interventions.Not long after her attack,she received support from a support group of fellow survivors of sexual assault.She also received support from a clinical psychologist who provided assistance with stress management.The type of therapy that Stephanie has undergone is:
A)weight loading.
B)physiotherapy.
C)short-term therapy.
D)long-term therapy.
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Chapter 15: Juvenile Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Don was placed in a diversion program.Which of the following could be his destination?
A)Prison
B)A detention center
C)A substance-abuse program
D)Jail
Q2) Breed v.Jones decided that:
A)juveniles can be tried in both juvenile and adult courts for the same crime.
B)juveniles can be tried in adult court but punished in juvenile court.
C)double jeopardy applies to juvenile proceedings.
D)juveniles can be tried in juvenile court but punished in adult court.
Q3) Which case decided that police can interrogate children without their parents or attorney present?
A)Fare v.Michael
B)Schall v.Martin
C)Breed v.Jones
D)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Evolving Challenges in Criminal Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is most true when it comes to law enforcement and cybercrime?
A)The laws worldwide have kept up with technology.
B)The laws in the United States have kept up with technology.
C)The laws in the United States have not kept up with technology
D)All law enforcement agencies have special units to investigate cybercrime.
Q2) All of the following are examples of cybercrime EXCEPT:
A)identity theft.
B)digital child pornography.
C)money laundering.
D)online fraud schemes.
Q3) Who is responsible for hardening crime targets of cybercrimes?
A)All these answers are correct.
B)State enforcement entities
C)Local enforcement entities
D)Federal enforcement entities
Q4) Many crime victims develop ________ as a result of their victimization.
A)post-traumatic stress disorder
B)bipolar disorder
C)multiple personality disorder
D)obsessive-compulsive disorder
Page 18
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