Contemporary Issues in Clinical Psychology Pre-Test
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Course Introduction
This course explores current topics and challenges in the field of clinical psychology, emphasizing recent advancements, ethical dilemmas, and evolving treatment approaches. Students will critically examine emerging mental health trends, the integration of evidence-based practices, cultural and societal influences on psychopathology, and recent changes in diagnostic criteria. Through case studies, research reviews, and discussions, the course encourages a nuanced understanding of how contemporary issues shape clinical assessment, intervention, and public policy in diverse populations.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Clinical Psychology 3rd Canadian Edition by John Hunsley
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15 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Clinical Psychology
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Q1) In a 2003 prevalence report of mental illness,Statistics Canada found that ________ of Canadian adolescents and adults reported symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of a mental disorder.
A)10%
B)25%
C)50%
D)65%
Answer: A
Q2) Hippocrates emphasized which approach to understand psychological and physical disorders?
A)The metaphysical approach
B)The philosophical approach
C)The biopsychosocial approach
D)The magical-meditative approach
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Contemporary Clinical Psychology
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Q1) A needs assessment functions to
A)determine the extent of training required for new employee psychologists.
B)determine the extent of an unmet health care need in an identified population.
C)determine whether programs have successfully achieved their goals.
D)to assess the extent to which the program was carried out as intended.
Answer: B
Q2) Arguments in favour of psychologists having prescription privileges include:
A)Underserved segments of the population such as those in rural areas and the elderly could benefit from extension of prescription privileges to psychologists.
B)Most psychoactive medications are prescribed by general practitioners whose training in mental health is limited to a few weeks.
C)Given brain-behaviour links,a biological approach to the treatment of psychological disorders is not incompatible with psychological training.
D)All of the above.
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Classification and Diagnosis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Classification __________ refers to the extent to which the classification system reflects reality.
A)utility
B)reliability
C)validity
D)applicability
Answer: C
Q2) According to Kendell and Jablensky 2003),when a disorder is a discrete entity that has clear boundaries with other disorders,this is referred to as diagnostic
A)validity.
B)reliability.
C)classification.
D)specificity.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Research Methods in Clinical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The loss of participants in a study over time is known as A)regression.
B)operationalization.
C)attrition.
D)maturation.
Q2) Measurement unreliability,participant heterogeneity,and low statistical power are all threats to
A)internal reliability.
B)statistical conclusion validity.
C)Incremental validity.
D)inter-rater reliability.
Q3) Concluding there is no effect when a true effect exists is known as a A)type I error.
B)type II error.
C)type III error.
D)low effect size.
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6
Chapter 5: Assessment: Overview
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Q1) For divorcing parents,child custody evaluations are conducted
A)for a minority of parents who are unable to reach a co-parenting agreement.
B)for the majority of parents who share child care,but need to formalize their co-parenting agreement.
C)by lawyers only,separately for each parent.
D)using specified psychometrically-sound tests.
Q2) The collection of large amounts and multiple sources of data can run the risk of A)unnecessary costs.
B)unnecessary error.
C)less time for intervention.
D)all of the above.
Q3) Specificity refers to the relative proportion of ________ identified by the assessment.
A)true positives
B)true negatives
C)false positives
D)false negatives
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Chapter 6: Assessment: Interviewing and Observation
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Q1) The strength of the SCID lies in _____________; its weakness is
A)the breadth of the disorders it covers; the variable reliabilities that are obtained for different disorders
B)strong validity data; the variable reliabilities that are obtained for different disorders
C)strong validity data; the breadth of the disorders it covers
D)the short time it takes to complete; the variable reliabilities that are obtained for different disorders
Q2) What is a challenging feature of administering diagnostic interviews to children?
A)Children are typically unable to provide reliable information about their experiences.
B)The adaptations of diagnostic interviews for use with children,such as the use of visual cues,are still too complex for most children to understand.
C)Most interviews for children have a parallel version completed by parents,rendering disagreement between these reports difficult to interpret.
D)All of the above.
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Chapter 7: Assessment: Intellectual and Cognitive Measures
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Q1) What best defines fluid intelligence?
A)What we have learned in life,both in formal education and general life experiences.
B)The ability to solve novel problems without drawing on previous experiences or formal learning.
C)Primary mental abilities such as comprehension.
D)Primary mental abilities such as working memory.
Q2) Giftedness is usually defined as
A)having an intelligence score in the top 2% of the population.
B)having an intelligence score in the top 5% of the population.
C)having an intelligence score in the top 10% of the population.
D)an extreme positive discrepancy between achievement test scores and age-based norms.
Q3) Perceptual reasoning refers to the ability to:
A)do timed tasks that require the use of information in short-term memory.
B)use visually presented material.
C)quickly process and use new information.
D)comprehend and use verbal material.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures
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Q1) ___________ are comprised of drawings or responses to ambiguous stimuli,and are based on the assumption that responses reveal information about
A)Behaviour checklists; the frequency,intensity,or duration of behaviours
B)Behaviour checklists; personality structure
C)Projective tests; personality structure
D)Projective tests; the frequency,intensity,or duration of behaviours
Q2) In translating and adapting a test for use in a second language,back translation refers to:
A)Translation of the items into the second language,then translation back into the first language by a differed translator and comparison of the two versions.
B)conducting pilot testing of the translated measure to ensure it is comprehensible.
C)re-standardizing scores on the measure using norms specific to the translated measure.
D)establishing construct validity between the two version to determine whether the instruments measure the same psychological qualities in both languages.
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Chapter 9: Assessment Integration and Clinical Decision-Making
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Q1) The MMPI-2 "code type" refers to the
A)highest score on the clinical scales.
B)highest two scores on the clinical scales.
C)highest four scores on the clinical scales.
D)score from the validity scales.
Q2) The Cognitive-Behavioural Case Formulation approach,developed by Jacqueline Persons,emphasizes the importance in identifying a patient's ___________ in the conceptualization of a case.
A) overt problems and long-standing beliefs or schemas
B)overt problems much more so than long-standing beliefs
C)overt problems much less so than long-standing beliefs
D)long-standing beliefs or schemas exclusively
Q3) Changes in ethical codes and legislation since the 1970s have ______________ for clients to receive feedback regarding their assessment.
A)made it more difficult.
B)made it easier.
C)not influenced how difficult it is.
D)none of the above.
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Chapter 10: Prevention
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Q1) Secondary prevention is most similar to A)universal preventive programs.
B)selective preventive programs.
C)indicated preventive programs.
D)Both B and C.
Q2) The characteristics of the individual or the environment that render a person more vulnerable to the development of a problem or a disorder are referred to as A)predictive factors.
B)protective factors.
C)risk factors.
D)relapse factors.
Q3) Positive characteristics that are associated with decreasing the chances that an individual will develop a problem or disorder are referred to as A)positive factors.
B)protective factors.
C)effective factors.
D)risk factors.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Intervention: Overview
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Q1) Psychodynamic theories assume that individuals are prone to conflicts between the A)ego and transference.
B)id and transference.
C)id and ego.
D)superego and countertransference.
Q2) The vast majority of psychological interventions are delivered in A)individual sessions.
B)group sessions.
C)couple therapy sessions.
D)Both A and C
Q3) Examination of randomized controlled trials of evidence-based treatments,summarized by Hansen et al.2002),indicates that A)evidence-based treatments are more effective than treatment as usual. B)patients attended fewer sessions in evidence-based treatments.
C)less half of patients recovered in evidence-based treatments.
D)treatment as usual was just as effective as evidence-based treatments.
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Chapter 12: Intervention: Adults and Couples
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Q1) Which component of CBT for posttraumatic stress disorder involves having the client recount his/her traumatic experiences for an extended period in order to encourage the client to fully emotionally process the trauma?
A)In vivo exposure
B)Imaginal exposure
C)Field exposure
D)behavioural activation
Q2) Smith,Glass,and Miller 1980)compared the efficacy of various types of treatment and found that the treatments with the largest to smallest effect sizes were,respectively,
A)Psychodynamic,cognitive-behavioural,developmental,behavioural
B)Cognitive-Behavioural,humanistic,behavioral,psychodynamic
C)Psychodynamic,behavioural,cognitive-behavioural,psychodynamic
D)Cognitive-Behavioural,behavioural,psychodynamic,humanistic
Q3) Mary Smith and Gene Glass are the authors of the first:
A)meta-analysis of the adult psychotherapy literature.
B)scientific article to strongly support the use of psychotherapy.
C)article advocating for evidence-based psychotherapy.
D)article to provide empirical support for psychoanalysis.
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Chapter 13: Intervention: Children and Adolescents
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Q1) Reviews have ______________ the efficacy of stimulant medication in reducing symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
A)consistently found evidence for B)rarely found evidence for C)yielded contradictory findings for D)underlined the need for more studies of
Q2) Research has consistently demonstrated that ______ families engage in fewer positive interactions than _____ families.
A)large; small
B)distressed; nondistressed C)rural; urban D)busy; less busy
Q3) Weersing and Weisz 2002)found that the treatment effects for depressed youth who received care in community mental health centres were A)better than treatment effects obtained in clinical trials.
B)better than the effects of the no-treatment control group. C)similar to the treatment effects obtained in clinical trials. D)similar to the effects of the no-treatment control group.
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Chapter 14: Intervention: Identifying Key Elements of Change
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Q1) With a large body of research,we now have a _______________ understanding of how client variables affect treatment outcome.
A)rudimentary
B)moderate
C)good
D)highly developed
Q2) Rosenzweig's 1936)hypothesis was named after a character from which story?
A)Peter Pan
B)The Wizard of Oz
C)Pinocchio
D)Alice in Wonderland
Q3) Psychological reactance is the tendency to react
A)against attempts to directly influence one's behaviour.
B)favourably toward attempts to directly influence one's behaviour.
C)to emotional stimuli in the environment.
D)to emotional stimuli in therapy.
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Chapter 15: Health Psychology, clinical Neuropsychology, and Forensic Psychology
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Q1) To conduct health psychology research
A)it is not necessary to have clinical training.
B)the researcher is strongly advised to obtain clinical training.
C)it is mandatory that the individual have clinical training.
D)it is mandatory to have clinical training for clinical rather than empirical)research only.
Q2) Research has demonstrated that there is _______________ between performance on a neuropsychological test and performance of the activities of daily living.
A)no simple correspondence
B)a very strong causal link
C)some relationship
D)no relationship
Q3) In a neuropsychological assessment aimed at formulating a diagnosis,a relevant question could include:
A)Does this child show signs of having been exposed to a toxic substance?
B)To what extent will this child's acquisition of language be affected by head injury?
C)What is the extent of damage to this employee who sustained an electric shock?
D)What can be done to help this person with mild memory loss?
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