Contemporary Biology Exam
Bank
Course Introduction
Contemporary Biology explores the foundational concepts and recent developments in the biological sciences, integrating cellular biology, genetics, evolution, ecology, and physiology. The course emphasizes how modern biological research and technological advancements impact society, health, and the environment. Through a combination of lectures, discussions, and laboratory experiences, students gain critical thinking skills and a deeper understanding of the living world, from molecular mechanisms to ecosystem dynamics, while considering ethical, social, and practical implications of biological discoveries in the contemporary era.
Recommended Textbook
Biology Today and Tomorrow with Physiology 4th Edition by Cecie Starr
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28 Chapters
3839 Verified Questions
3839 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Invitation to Biology
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101 Verified Questions
101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All known species can be grouped into three domains.What are they?
A) prokaryotes, bacteria, and eukarya.
B) prokaryotes, archaea, and eukarya.
C) plantae, bacteria, and archaea.
D) bacteria, archaea, and eukarya.
E) bacteria, archaea, and protista.
Answer: D
Q2) An ecosystem such as a forest in the Pacific Northwest of the United States is made up of
A) plants, animals and fungi.
B) organisms and nonliving things.
C) rocks and minerals.
D) plants, protozoa, and fungi.
E) all of these.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Molecules of Life
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159 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following carbohydrates form highly branched chains of glucose monomers?
A) glycogen
B) cellulose
C) fructose
D) starch
E) sucrose
Answer: A
Q2) Mad cow disease is caused by A) viruses. B) proteins.
C) infectious bacteria.
D) parasites.
E) fungi.
Answer: B
Q3) the two units that combine in various ways to form lipids
Answer: J
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Chapter 3: Cell Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) receive and process new substances that arrive in vesicles from ER
A)peroxisomes
B)chloroplasts
C)Golgi bodies
D)DNA molecules
E)RNA molecules
F)central vacuoles
G)lysosomes
H)mitochondria
I)nucleoli
J)ribosomes
Answer: C
Q2) Which organelle makes most of the lipids that form the cell's membranes?
A) rough ER
B) smooth ER
C) Golgi body
D) peroxisomes
E) mitochondria
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Energy and Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Oxygen,carbon dioxide,as well as other small molecules,cross the plasma membrane through the process(es)of
A) diffusion.
B) osmosis.
C) endocytosis and exocytosis.
D) active transport.
E) facilitated diffusion.
Q2) In this reaction,ethanol represents the A) enzyme.
B) substrate.
C) product.
D) activation energy.
E) trigger.
Q3) Passive molecular diffusion occurs when A) the energy of ATP is added.
B) random collisions between molecules occurs.
C) there are variations in molecular sizes.
D) enzymes catalyze their movement.
E) none of these things occur.
Q4) part of the enzyme that is specific for the reaction it will catalyze
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Capturing and Releasing Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) oxygen
Q2) When fats are broken down to make ATP,what molecule is formed and in where in aerobic respiration does it enter?
A) acetyl CoA which enters into glycolysis
B) acetyl CoA which enters into the Krebs Cycle
C) pyruvate which enters into the Krebs Cycle
D) PGAL which enters into electron transfer phosphorylation
E) PGAL which enters into glycolysis
Q3) light-dependent reactions
Q4) oxygen is used in this process
Q5) Plants use which of the following structures to allow an exchange of gases?
A) pores
B) plasmodesmata
C) stroma
D) chloroplasts
E) stomata
Q6) carbon dioxide
Q7) This process leads to the formation of glucose.
Q8) light-independent reactions
Q9) This process is catalyzed by an enzyme called rubisco. Page 7
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Page 8
Chapter 6: DNA Structure and Function
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109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In DNA replication,a primer is
A) what the original DNA strands are called.
B) an enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between base pairs.
C) a short piece of nucleic acid that 'jump starts' the replication process.
D) a molecule that provides the energy for nucleotide attachments.
E) a regulatory protein that turns on the gene that starts DNA replication.
Q2) In animal cells,____ is (are)usually a one-way path.
A) replication
B) translation
C) transcription
D) differentiation
E) replication and translation
Q3) If a DNA molecule was a spiral staircase,what would the steps of the staircase be?
A) covalent bonds.
B) deoxyribose.
C) base pairs.
D) hydrogen bonds.
E) phosphate.
Q4) this mutagen causes the mispairing of bases in DNA replication
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Chapter 7: Gene Expression and Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Methylation affects protein synthesis by affecting which of the following proteins?
A) histones
B) RNA polymerase
C) DNA polymerase
D) hemoglobin
E) transcription factors
Q2) occurs when stop codons are read
Q3) A RNA codon of GUA would be complementary to this tRNA anticodon.
Q4) Four of the five answers listed below are related to translation.Select the EXCEPTION.
A) ribosomes
B) transcription
C) DNA polymerase
D) mRNA
E) tRNA
Q5) a tRNA triplet complementary to a mRNA codon
Q6) This codon codes both for an amino acid and indicates the beginning of a coding region.
Q7) all of the mRNA codons
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Chapter 8: How Cells Reproduce
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Sample Questions
Q1) During this phase,duplicated chromosomes are midway between the spindle poles in two cells.
A)prophase I
B)prophase II
C)metaphase II
D)anaphase I
E)telophase I
Q2) Following this phase,each individual cell is haploid.
A)prophase I
B)prophase II
C)metaphase II
D)anaphase I
E)telophase I
Q3) Which of the following events is (are)characteristic of the interphase?
A) The cytoplasm divides.
B) The cell doubles its content.
C) The cell doubles its content, and the cytoplasm divides.
D) DNA is synthesized.
E) more than one of these.
Q4) period prior to mitosis
Page 11
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Chapter 9: Patterns of Inheritance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is TRUE about cystic fibrosis?
A) there is no cure
B) 1 in 25 people carry the cystic fibrosis mutation
C) 1 in 3,300 people have the disease
D) cystic fibrosis patients do not live longer than 30 years
E) all of these are true
Q2) What two types of melanin are made by melanosomes?
A) brownish- black and yellowish
B) brownish-black and reddish
C) brownish-black and white-ish
D) yellowish and reddish
E) reddish and white-ish
Q3) The process by which chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis is called
A) aneuploidy.
B) trisomy.
C) monosomy.
D) nondisjunction.
E) polyploidy.
Q4) disorder that results from a missing sex chromosome
Q5) refers to two alleles that are both fully expressed in heterozygous individuals
Page 12
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Chapter 10: Biotechnology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Plants have been genetically modified for which of the following purposes?
A) herbicide resistance
B) pest resistance
C) nutritional improvement
D) disease resistance
E) all of these
Q2) What is a transgenic organism?
A) an organism with multiple copies of the same gene
B) an organism that has genes from another species
C) an organism that does not use DNA to specify proteins
D) an organism that has had its entire genome sequenced
E) an organism that has been DNA profiled
Q3) A plasmid may
A) be used in recombinant DNA research.
B) be transferred from one bacterium to another.
C) carry foreign genes.
D) replicate independently of bacterial chromosomes.
E) do all of these.
Q4) an individual's unique array of short tandem repeats
Q5) technique of separating DNA fragments of different sizes
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Chapter 11: Evidence of Evolution
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117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is an asteroid?
A) dust and small rock orbiting around the sun
B) a ball of ice with a tail
C) a small planet
D) a small sun with weak solar emissions
E) more than one of these
Q2) Zircon crystals that form in molten magma are easily dated because they contain
A) no lead.
B) no uranium.
C) uranium but no lead.
D) lead but no uranium.
E) both lead and uranium.
Q3) ____ is the degree of adaptation to a specific environment.
A) Fecundity
B) Fertility
C) Fitness
D) Adaptation
E) Natural selection
Q4) bees and butterflies appear
Q5) Lamarck
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Processes of Evolution
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136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Over evolutionary time,flowering plants have evolved colors,odors,and nectar that attract pollinating insects and the insects have evolved mechanisms that detect the changes in plants and to better collect pollen.This is an example of A) exaptation.
B) phylogenetic change.
C) coevolution.
D) convergent evolution.
E) sympatric speciation.
Q2) an example of this is feathers that evolved for insulation in dinosaurs evolved that allowed flight in birds
Q3) Phylogeny is most analogous to A) a family genealogy.
B) a burst of new computer technology.
C) a telescopic view of the early universe.
D) a traffic light.
E) a roller coaster.
Q4) the migration of bison from one herd to another results in this
Q5) diagram that summarizes how a group of species evolved
Q6) an evolutionary novelty that stems from an adaptation of an existing structure
Page 15
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Chapter 13: Early Life Forms and the Viruses
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147 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a structural component of any virus?
A) double stranded RNA
B) single stranded DNA
C) cell membranes
D) ribosomes
E) all of these ARE structural components of viruses
Q2) The protist has an organelle called an apicoplast.From what organelle did the apicoplast evolve?
A) mitochondrion
B) nucleus
C) chloroplast
D) Golgi body
E) lysosome
Q3) What is (are)the function(s)of bacterial pili?
A) organization of the nuclear material
B) assisting in protein synthesis
C) energy production
D) locomotion
E) cell membrane construction
Q4) Toxins from these can kill humans.
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Plants and Fungi
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139 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Microspores mature into A) ovules.
B) seeds.
C) pollen grains.
D) megaspores.
E) pollen sacs.
Q2) Four of the five structures listed below are haploid.Select the EXCEPTION.
A) spores
B) sporophytes
C) egg
D) sperm
E) gametophyte
Q3) seed plant with seeds that do not contain endosperm
Q4) The domination of the flowering plants over the past 100 million years appear to be their coevolution with A) dinosaurs.
B) gymnosperms.
C) insects.
D) mammals.
E) humans.
Page 17
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Chapter 15: Animal Evolution
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170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) of those species listed,the only one with a chin
Q2) This animal nurses its young,has forward facing eyes,nails on its fingers and toes,and a moist nose.This animal is
A) a lemur.
B) a tarsier.
C) a bird.
D) a new world monkey.
E) more than one of these.
Q3) This chordate has a four-chambered heart,no bladder,the males typically have no penis,and no teeth.This animal is
A) a bird.
B) a crocodile.
C) a bat.
D) a frog.
E) a shark.
Q4) This group contains animals with radial symmetry.
Q5) Members of this class are fully terrestrial except for reproduction.
Q6) Members of this group have a brain with a ventral nerve cord,a complete gut,and they lack a circulatory system that is usually closed.
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Population Ecology
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the major assumption of the exponential model of population growth?
A) resources are unlimited
B) organisms selectively choose their mates
C) the death rate equals the birth rate
D) biotic potential is limited
E) more than one of these is a major assumption of the exponential model
Q2) A J-shaped growth curve is converted to an S-shaped one
A) when the parents are past reproductive age.
B) if the data is plotted in reverse.
C) when the carrying capacity is reached.
D) if reproduction is stopped.
E) only for fast-growing populations such as bacteria.
Q3) In which demographic transitional stage is India?
A) birth and death rates equally high; growth rate low
B) death rate dropping fast; birth rate declining but slowly
C) birth rates declining and approaching the death rates
D) birth rate falling below death rate; population size decreasing
E) death rate greatly exceeds birth rate; population is close to extinction
Q4) Long life spans,few offspring,extended care of young
Q5) Clams,insects,many fish species fit into this model
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Chapter 17: Communities and Ecosystems
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Sample Questions
Q1) At the bottom or base of a pyramid of energy are the A) primary consumers.
B) primary producers.
C) secondary consumers.
D) secondary producers.
E) tertiary consumers.
Q2) spotted owls eating mice
Q3) A sheep eating by pulling the plant out of the ground is an example of A) parasitism.
B) predation.
C) commensalism.
D) mutualism.
E) competitive exclusion.
Q4) Competitive exclusion is based upon the idea that
A) one species will voluntarily allow the other to survive.
B) no two species can completely occupy the same niche.
C) the larger species will dominate the smaller.
D) competition is overrated as a factor in species survival.
E) two species can live together, if they share the same niche but only at alternate times.
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Chapter 18: The Biosphere and Human Effects
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Sample Questions
Q1) The surface ocean currents will circulate __________ in the Northern Hemisphere and __________ in the Southern Hemisphere.
Q2) Which term refers to a species that evolved in area and still resides that area?
A) invasive
B) endemic
C) endangered
D) exotic
E) persistent
Q3) most extensive biome
Q4) Which country receives the most sunlight per year?
A) United States
B) Japan
C) Canada
D) Germany
E) Mexico
Q5) species adapted to extremes in water depth daily
Q6) In the U.S.,__________ is the main reason why more than 700 species are listed as threatened and endangered.
Q7) found on the ocean floor
Q8) the most species rich biome
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Chapter 19: Animal Tissues and Organs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Excretes excess fluid,solutes,and dissolved wastes
Q2) Which body structure is NOT composed of epithelial tissue?
A) skin
B) nails
C) lining of the stomach
D) cartilage
E) all of these are composed of epithelial tissue
Q3) detects stimuli
Q4) provides structural support
Q5) Keeping the body's internal systems working within tolerable limits is called
Q6) Where will sensory information ultimately flow?
A) brain
B) muscle
C) gland
D) skin
E) heart
Q7) composed of mostly dense connective tissue
Q9) cells are taller than they are wide Page 22
Q8) Controls and coordinates responses to stimuli
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Page 23
Chapter 20: How Animals Move
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Sample Questions
Q1) The myosin power stroke in muscle contraction is triggered when _____ is released.
Q2) ____ is a regulatory protein that slows the production of muscle proteins.
A) Actin
B) Myosin
C) Troponin
D) Testosterone
E) Myostatin
Q3) Which of the following is a bone of the lower leg in humans?
A) femur
B) fibula
C) radius
D) ulna
E) humerus
Q4) The two tendons of the biceps attach to ___.
A) the clavicle
B) the scapula
C) the humerus
D) the radius
E) more than one of these bones.
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Chapter 21: Circulation and Respiration
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Sample Questions
Q1) Extra fluid that leaks out of the capillary bed enters
A) the surrounding cells.
B) the lymphatic system.
C) the venules.
D) the capillary again.
E) the adjoining arterioles.
Q2) Which of the following structures of the human heart contains oxygen-rich blood?
A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) pulmonary artery
D) aorta
E) more than one of these structures of the human heart contains oxygen-rich blood.
Q3) This disease most commonly occurs because an enzyme that crosslinks fibrin strands into a stable mesh is defective.This disease is
A) sickle-cell anemia.
B) hemophilia.
C) atherosclerosis.
D) hypertension.
E) emphysema.
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Page 25
Chapter 22: Immunity
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Sample Questions
Q1) These white blood cells are concentrated in the lining of respiratory passages,are important phagocytes that protect the lungs,and present antigens to T cells.These white blood cells are
A) B lymphocytes.
B) macrophages.
C) neutrophils.
D) dendritic cells.
E) mast cells.
Q2) Once a virus has invaded a cell,the best white blood cells for dealing with this invasion are
A) B cells.
B) T cells.
C) dendritic cells.
D) macrophages.
E) neutrophils.
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26
Chapter 23: Digestion and Excretion
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Sample Questions
Q1) On what foodstuff does the main enzyme in the mouth act?
A) proteins
B) fats
C) carbohydrates
D) fats and carbohydrates
E) carbohydrates and proteins
Q2) The hormone,___,gives us that hungry feeling when our stomachs are empty.
A) leptin
B) ghrelin
C) ADH
D) insulin
E) glucagon
Q3) Which of the following is true of the flo gene?
A) heterozygotes are twice as likely to be obese
B) the gene is expressed in the brain
C) people who are obese are lacking the flo gene
D) most children in the United States who are obese have two copies of the flo gene
E) flo genes are X-linked, thus boys are more likely than girls to be obese
Q4) acts in blood clotting
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Chapter 24: Neural Control and the Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) blurry vision caused by a cloudy lens
Q2) Where is a chemical synapse NOT found?
A) between two neurons.
B) between a neuron and a muscle fiber.
C) between a neuron and a gland.
D) between a neuron and a capillary.
E) chemical synapses are found between all of these.
Q3) Neurotransmitters
A) are stored in synaptic vesicles.
B) are chemical signals released by neurons.
C) are released from the axon via exocytosis.
D) bind to receptors on target cells.
E) have all of these characteristics.
Q4) this neurotransmitter elevates mood and has a role in memory
Q5) The ____ connects the peripheral nerves to the brain.
A) pons
B) gray matter
C) white matter
D) spinal cord
E) medulla oblongata
28
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Chapter 25: Endocrine Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) thyroid gland
Q2) Which of the following hormones is NOT produced in ovaries?
A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) testosterone
D) all of these are produced in the ovaries
E) more than one of these is NOT produced in the ovaries
Q3) This hormone controls water retention and loss.
Q4) From what molecule are steroid hormones derived?
A) glucose
B) cholesterol
C) messenger RNA
D) cyclic AMP
E) glycogen
Q5) Makes and secretes thyroid stimulating hormone
Q6) thymus gland
Q7) Cortisol steroids are produced at letter _____.
Q8) The gland at letter _____ has close ties to the immune system.
Q10) Antidiuretic hormone is produced in this gland. Page 29
Q9) This gland plays a central role in the immune response.
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Page 30
Chapter 26: Reproduction and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The use of the birth control pill increases the risk for all of the following cancers except
A) breast.
B) cervical.
C) liver.
D) ovarian.
E) there is no exception.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true about the placenta?
A) it begins forming in the third week
B) maternal blood mixes with fetal blood in the placenta
C) the placenta produces HCG
D) the placenta develops from the chorion
E) all of these are true about the placenta
Q3) During implantation,the inner cell mass develops into two flattened layers of cells called the
A) blastocyst.
B) amnion.
C) embryonic disk.
D) chorion.
E) placenta.
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Chapter 27: Plant Form and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) pericycle
Q2) osmosis plays a major role in this process
Q3) Which of the following is NOT true about the movement of water through a plant?
A) it occurs through columns of dead cells
B) the water is pulled through the plant
C) the process is called translocation
D) it is a passive process
E) all of these are true about the movement of water through a plant
Q4) Four of the four answers listed below are types of complex plant tissue.Select the EXCEPTION.
A) sclerenchyma
B) phloem
C) xylem
D) epidermis
E) periderm
Q5) vascular cambium
Q6) periderm
Q7) leaves wrap around the stem
Q8) palisade mesophyll
Q9) epidermis Page 32
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Chapter 28: Plant Reproduction and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Apical dominance is controlled by
A) auxin.
B) cytokinin.
C) gibberellin.
D) phytoestrogens.
E) abscisic acid.
Q2) ovule
Q3) mobilizes food reserves in germinating seeds
Q4) inhibits seed germination
Q5) A stem on its side will turn up because
A) cells elongate on the down side.
B) of gravitropism.
C) statoliths sink to the gravity side of the stem.
D) of the activity of auxin.
E) of all of these.
Q6) The carpel is indicated by letter _____.
Q7) megaspores
Q8) embryo sac
Q9) endosperm
Q10) sepal Page 34
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