Conservation Biology
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Conservation Biology is a multidisciplinary course focused on the study and preservation of biodiversity, the processes that sustain ecosystems, and strategies to mitigate human impacts on the natural world. Students explore concepts such as species extinction, habitat loss, population viability, and conservation genetics, while evaluating practical approaches to protect endangered species and restore ecosystems. Through case studies and applied exercises, the course emphasizes the integration of ecological, social, and ethical considerations in developing effective conservation policies and management plans.
Recommended Textbook
Sustaining the Earth 11th Edition by G. Tyler Miller
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14 Chapters
1050 Verified Questions
1050 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Environmental Problems, Their Causes, and Sustainability
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A sustainability revolution is best characterized by
A)learning to live more sustainably with smaller ecological footprints.
B)learning how to grow and breed plants and animals for food.
C)inventing machines for large-scale production of goods in factories.
D)medical advances to allow a growing number of people to live longer and healthier lives.
E)controlling the human population.
Answer: A
Q2) Companies using resources to provide goods for consumers
A)are not generally required to pay for the harmful environmental costs of supplying the goods.
B)are usually required to pay for the harmful environmental costs of supplying the goods.
C)almost always clean up any pollution from their business operations.
D)pass on the cost of environmental degradation to consumers.
E)must report their environmental degradation.
Answer: A
Q3) Old soda bottles that are collected, washed, and refilled are an example of
Answer: reuse
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Science, Matter, Energy, and Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Organisms that feed on both plants and animals are called A)autotrophs.
B)omnivores.
C)carnivores.
D)herbivores.
E)decomposers.
Answer: B
Q2) In denitrification, specialized bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the atmosphere into ammonia.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Phosphate can be sequestered from the phosphorus cycles for long periods of time in
A)running water.
B)marine sediments.
C)the atmosphere.
D)phytoplankton.
E)rivers.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Biodiversity and Evolution
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75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some of the offspring of a beetle develop spots. These spots make it harder for birds to see the beetles and thus, the spotted beetles tend to survive and produce more offspring than the beetles without spots. This heritable trait is called a(n)
Answer: adaptation.
Q2) Lakes or areas of the ocean that have a small supply of nutrients, and thus low productivity, are referred to as A)autotrophic.
B)eutrophic.
C)oligotrophic.
D)mesotrophic.
E)abyssal.
Answer: C
Q3) Genetically modified bacteria use to clean up oil spills are a result of A)genetic engineering.
B)adaptation.
C)isolation.
D)genetic selection.
E)artificial intelligence.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Community Ecology, Population Ecology, and the Human Population
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75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Resource partitioning among different species
A)develops mutualism.
B)creates a predator-prey relationship.
C)allows sharing of similar, scarce resources.
D)undermines commensalism.
E)fights parasitism.
Q2) Non-native or invasive species are threatening and should be eradicated.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In 1845, the human population of Ireland experienced a major crash as a result of A)the plague.
B)the potato fungus.
C)an influenza epidemic.
D)a prolonged drought.
E)HIV/AIDS.
Q4) On the exponential growth of reindeer figure, choose the portion of the graph that can referred to as "dieback."
Q5) Why is predation considered beneficial at the population level but harmful at the individual level?
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Chapter 5: Sustaining Biodiversity: The Species Approach
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Sample Questions
Q1) About one third of all endangered and threatened bird species in the United States live in
A)Alabama
B)Louisiana
C)Alaska
D)Hawaii
E)Florida
Q2) Gene banks, zoos, and aquariums are adequate replacements for habitat conservation in protecting wild species.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A species inherent right to exist despite its usefulness humans is its
Q4) When a species disappears from the earth, it is said to be biologically extinct.
A)True
B)False
Q5) As DDT bioaccumulates in the accompanying ecosystem, which species would have the highest concentration in their body?
Q6) ____________________ is diminished by extinction.
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Chapter 6: Sustaining Biodiversity: The Ecosystem Approach
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which approach is being used by some countries to protect and sustain marine biodiversity?
A)harvesting the ocean's food supply
B)understanding that the sea is an inexhaustible resource
C)establishing marine sanctuaries
D)focusing on ocean acidification
E)creating artificial ecosystems
Q2) The process of returning a degraded habitat or ecosystem to a condition as similar as possible to its natural state is known as A)restoration.
B)rehabilitation.
C)replacement.
D)creating artificial ecosystems.
E)deforestation.
Q3) Since 1986, the World Conservation Union has helped establish a global system of ____________________, which provide oceans with partial protection from human activities.
Q4) The ____________________ to sustaining biodiversity involves protecting habitats, biodiversity and ecological services instead of individual species.
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Chapter 7: Food, Soil, and Pest Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following categories includes all of the others?
A)insecticides
B)herbicides
C)pesticides
D)fungicides
E)rodenticides
Q2) More than enough food is produced to meet every human being's needs, but one-sixth of the population in less-developed countries goes hungry. What is the primary reason for this?
A)uneven food distribution
B)not having enough meat products produced
C)lack of nutrients contained in food
D)not enough fish farms
E)pest attacks on farms
Q3) ____________________ is the condition under which all or most of the people in a population have daily access to enough nutritious food to live active and healthy lives.
Q4) Describe the current state of the green revolution and where you see the future going.
Q5) Goiter is caused by a deficiency of ____________________.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Water Resources and Water Pollution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Natural flooding is caused mostly by
A)rapid melting of snow or heavy rainfall.
B)removal of vegetation.
C)destruction of wetlands.
D)thermal expansion of oceans.
E)dam or levee failure.
Q2) Human activities can greatly accelerate ____________________ by increasing the rate at which nitrate- and phosphate- containing effluents enter aquatic ecosystems from their surrounding watersheds.
Q3) In the accompanying oxygen sag curve, choose the zone in which the breakdown of degradable wastes by bacteria starts to deplete the dissolved oxygen.
Q4) What are some actions your household can take to directly conserve water today and every day. Provide at least six ideas.
Q5) The top of the zone of saturation is called the
A)confined aquifer
B)unconfined aquifer
C)recharge area
D)water table
E)confined recharge area
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Chapter 9: Nonrenewable Energy Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) Deposits of conventional oil that can be extracted profitably at current market prices with current technology are known as ____________________.
Q2) Because it is the relatively cleanest burning fossil fuel, there is increasing interest in nonrenewable ____________________ as an energy source.
Q3) Natural gas consists of which gases?
A)methane, propane, and butane
B)ethanol, ethane, and butane
C)propane, oxygen, and methane
D)butane, carbon dioxide, and sulfide
E)sulfide, oxygen, and ethanol
Q4) The major types of coal vary in the amount of heat, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide released per unit mass when they are burned.
A)True
B)False
Q5) When the pressure and rate of production in a conventional oil well just begins to decline, this is known as ____________________ for the well.
Q6) Which commercial energy source provides the most energy for the world?
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Chapter 10: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Overall, nonrenewable resources have a lower net energy than renewable resources.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Photovoltaic solar cells work on cloudy days.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Electric-gasoline powered vehicles are called ____________________.
Q4) Which of the following are renewable energy resources?
A)The sun, the earth's internal heat, and the wind
B)The wind, petroleum, and water
C)Natural gas, the earth's internal heat, and the wind
D)The earth's internal heat, water, and petroleum
E)Water, natural gas, and petroleum
Q5) Provide one example of an environmental cost and one environmental benefit associated with using geothermal energy, solar energy, wind power, and hydro power.
Q6) Seeing that energy efficiency saves money and has so many environmental benefits, why has there been so little emphasis on it in the United States?
Q7) What are two examples of widely used devices that waste large amounts of energy?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Environmental Hazards and Human Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the factors that limit the usefulness of epidemiological studies in estimating the harmful effects of chemicals.
Q2) A threshold dose-response model
A)implies there is a dose below which no detectable harmful effects occur.
B)errs on the side of safety.
C)implies that each dose of a harmful substance carries a risk of causing harm.
D)is useful for assessing chronic toxicity.
E)assumes chemicals vary widely in their toxicity.
Q3) A(n) ____________________ is caused when a pathogen invades the body and multiplies in its cells and tissues.
Q4) Animal testing
A)extrapolates from low dose levels to high dose levels.
B)extrapolates from test animals to humans.
C)is noncontroversial.
D)usually involves low dose levels.
E)always involves high dose levels.
Q5) Natural chemicals are safe, and synthetic materials are harmful.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss the distinction between risk assessment and risk management.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Air Pollution, Climate Change, and Ozone
Depletion
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Sample Questions
Q1) There is some evidence that some aerosols and suspended particles in outdoor air pollution may actually slow the rate of atmospheric warming. Why do some scientist expect that these particles will not have a significant effect on counteracting projected climate change within the next 50 years?
Q2) We can ignore the temporary consequences of a warmer global climate because much of the recent warming is due to natural glacial and interglacial cycles.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An emissions credit trading system in place since 1990 has contributed little to the success of reducing sulfur dioxide emissions from electrical power plants.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A temperature inversion is the result of A)precipitation.
B)cold air drainage.
C)a layer of warm air lying atop cooler air near the ground.
D)a cold blanket of air that prevents warm air from rising.
E)mixing of cool and warm air.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Urbanization and Solid and Hazardous Waste
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ____________________ bans participating countries from shipping hazardous wastes to or through other countries without their permission.
Q2) ____________________ are chemical substances that persist in the environment, bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a risk to human health and the environment.
Q3) Urbanization is best defined as the
A)decline of suburban populations.
B)creation and growth of urban and suburban areas.
C)homogenization of ecocities.
D)replacement of hypercities with megacities.
E)migration of the U.S. population to less populated states.
Q4) ____ waste makes up more than 75% of the total waste that scientists have distinguished as recyclable.
A)Household
B)Postconsumer
C)Primary or closed-loop
D)Preconsumer
E)Secondary
Q5) Discuss three challenges faced by cities as urbanization expands.
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Chapter 14: Economics, Politics, Worldviews, and Sustainability
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of the gross progress indicator (GPI) plus benefits not included in market transactions, minus harmful environmental and social costs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Write in the table what sustainability shifts from the current emphasis will be necessary to start a sustainability revolution? For example, a shift to climate stabilization is necessary to shift emphasis from climate disruption.Current Emphasis
Sustainability Emphasis
Fossil fuels
a)Energy waste
b)Waste disposal and pollution control
c)Consume and throwaway
d)Population growth
e)Climate disruption
f) climate stabilization
Q3) The ____________________ principle in evaluating environmental policies states that we should try not to make any decisions that cannot be reversed later if necessary.
Page 16
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