Conservation Biology
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Conservation Biology is the scientific study of the preservation, protection, and restoration of biodiversity, with an emphasis on understanding the threats to species, habitats, and ecosystems. This course explores fundamental principles and methodologies for conserving biological diversity, including the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Students will learn about the causes and consequences of extinction, the role of human activity in environmental change, conservation planning, management strategies, restoration ecology, and relevant social, ethical, and policy issues. The course integrates theory with hands-on approaches to solving real-world conservation problems and highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in achieving conservation goals.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Marine Biology 4th Edition by George Karleskint
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20 Chapters
2050 Verified Questions
2050 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Science and Marine Biology
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73 Verified Questions
73 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The chief scientist on the HMS Challenger expedition was:
A) Charles Darwin.
B) Victor Hensen.
C) Alexander Aggasiz.
D) Charles Wyville Thomas.
E) Edward Forbes.
Answer: D
Q2) Marine organisms are excellent models for studying basic biology principals.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Experimental set
A)a trial without the experimental variable
B)variable being altered
C)a trial that contains the experimental variable
Answer: C
Q4) The oceans cover less than half of the earth's surface.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Ecology
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Those organisms that thrive in an environment free of oxygen are called
A) phytoplankton.
B) zooplankton.
C) nekton.
D) anaerobes.
E) aerobic.
Answer: D
Q2) Anaerobic organisms thrive:
A) in oxygen-free environments.
B) where oxygen is abundant.
C) where carbon dioxide is abundant.
D) in surface waters of the ocean.
E) in the middle of the water column.
Answer: A
Q3) Competitive Exclusion
A)Among members of a single species
B)Between members of different species
C)Local extirpation of a species
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Geology of the Ocean
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110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The area beyond the neritic zone is called
A) abyssal plain.
B) ocean basin.
C) trench.
D) continental margin.
E) the hadal zone.
Answer: B
Q2) When Pangea first broke up it formed
A) North and South America.
B) Africa and South America.
C) Antarctic and Godwanaland.
D) East and West Hemisphere.
E) Laurasia and Godwanaland.
Answer: E
Q3) Continental slope
A)landscape change between components of the continental margin
B)transition to the deep ocean floor
C)shallow extensions of the continents
D)gentle slope beyond the shelf break
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Water, Waves, and Tides
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Sample Questions
Q1) Areas between wind convection cells are characterized by having stable and consistent winds.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The unique attractive forces that keep molecules of water together are called:
A) strong forces.
B) adhesion.
C) hydrogen bonds.
D) cohesion.
E) weak nuclear forces.
Q3) The following are considered greenhouse gases except: A) nitrogen.
B) carbon dioxide.
C) methane.
D) chlorofluorocarbons.
Q4) Transverse current
A)West to East
B)North to South
C)South to North
D)East to West
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Chapter 5: Biological Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) In eukaryotes the nucleus is duplicated in a process called:
A) binary fusion.
B) meiosis.
C) mitosis.
D) fusion.
E) cloning.
Q2) Which is the proper order of organization?
A) Cells, organs, tissues
B) Cells, tissues, organs
C) Organs, tissues, organs systems
D) Organs, cells, tissues
E) Tissues, organs, cells.
Q3) Nucleus
A)protects DNA
B)energy powerhouse
C)selects what enters the cell
D)propels cell through liquids
Q4) In the context of population genetics, what is meant by the term "fitness?"
Q5) Define and briefly describe Domains.
Q6) Briefly describe at least 4 levels of biological organization in organisms.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Marine Microbes
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104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nutrient recycling in the marine environment is performed by:
A) cyanobacteria.
B) heterotrophic bacteria.
C) autotrophic bacteria.
D) purple bacteria.
E) sulfur bacteria.
Q2) Sedimentation
A)alteration of the electrical charge
B)settling out of large particles
C)alteration of the pH
Q3) Nitrogenase
A)NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> to NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>
B)can break the bonds in N<sub>2</sub> molecules
C)N<sub>2</sub> to NH<sub>3</sub>
Q4) Consolidation
A)alteration of the electrical charge
B)settling out of large particles
C)alteration of the pH
Q5) Briefly explain why viruses are not considered living organisms.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Multicellular Primary Producers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Red algae
A)fucoxanthin
B)chlorophylls a and b
C)phycoerythrin
Q2) Salt marsh plants differ from seagrasses in that they:
A) are not fully marine plants.
B) require freshwater to reproduce.
C) are intolerant of full strength seawater.
D) are found throughout the world.
E) have roots, while seagrasses do not.
Q3) Outline at least 3 ecological roles of marine flowering plants.
Q4) This structure can grow >50 m long in kelp.
A) Blade
B) Holdfast
C) Stipe
D) Gas bladder
E) Rhizoid.
Q5) Describe the life cycle of the giant kelp (Macrocystis), including both the gametophyte and sporophyte stages.
Q6) What are two functions of mucilage in algae?
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Chapter 8: Lower Invertebrates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Scyphozoan
A)polyp
B)medusa and polyp
C)medusa
Q2) Which of the following is not a member of the phylum Platyhelminthes?
A) fluke
B) tapeworm
C) flatworm
D) ribbon worm
Q3) Reproduction in sponges includes all except:
A) budding.
B) sexual.
C) fragmentation.
D) cloning.
Q4) Porifera
A)Carnivores on zooplankton
B)Filter feeders
C)Carnivores on benthic infauna
Q5) Name the three animal phyla that feed and respire with a lophophore.
Q6) What are 2 functions of naturally produced chemical defenses in sponges?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Higher Invertebrates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sea stars
A)Bilateral flattened
B)Five arms attach to central region
C)Radial oval test
D)Five arms attach to a round central disk
Q2) The tunic of tunicates is composed of:
A) a cellulose-like substance.
B) chitin.
C) silica.
D) calcium carbonate.
E) starch.
Q3) All gastropods are grazers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sea urchins
A)Bilateral flattened
B)Five arms attach to central region
C)Radial oval test
D)Five arms attach to a round central disk
Q5) Contrast the various functions of the mantle between Cephalopods and Gastropods.
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Chapter 10: Marine Fishes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sequential
A)Changing from females to males
B)Having both male and female gonads simultaneously
C)Changing from males to females
D)Changing from one sex to another
Q2) The lateral line is part of the system to
A) process light.
B) sense electrical currents in the water.
C) control balance.
D) detect vibrations.
E) detect dissolved substances.
Q3) Squalene is produced by the ____ of sharks.
A) kidneys
B) heart
C) livers
D) muscle
E) gall bladder
Q4) The eyes of sharks are designed for optimal color vision.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Reptiles and Birds
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The oystercatcher is a member of the:
A) gulls.
B) tubenoses.
C) shorebirds.
D) pelicans.
E) albatrosses.
Q2) Cormorants
A)Aerial pursuit
B)Pursuit diving underwater with feet as propulsion
C)Surface plunging
D)Pursuit diving underwater with wings as propulsion
Q3) Chorion
A)disposal of waste
B)embryo containing sac
C)gas exchange
Q4) Gulls
A)Clam dropping
B)Surface plunging
C)Pursuit diving with wings
D)Aerial pursuit and robbing other birds
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Chapter 12: Marine Mammals
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115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Whales
A)Fur
B)Fur and fat
C)Blubber
Q2) Unlike pinnipeds, sirenians are completely free from the terrestrial environment.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Breaching is the name given to the activity of whales when they:
A) mate.
B) jump out of the water.
C) capture their food.
D) migrate long distances.
E) give birth.
Q4) Which whale is not a rorqual?
A) blue whale
B) fin whale
C) humpback whale
D) right whale
E) killer whale
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Chapter 13: Intertidal Communities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Midlittoral
A)intertidal zone
B)maritime zone
C)splash zone
Q2) The yellow zone in the tropical middle intertidal owes its color to:
A) sponges.
B) boring algae.
C) barnacles.
D) limpets.
E) crabs.
Q3) The area with the highest species diversity among the following is:
A) rocky subtidal.
B) sandy subtidal.
C) sandy intertidal.
D) rocky supratidal.
E) splash zone.
Q4) Unlike rocky beaches, sandy beaches have vertical zonation of organisms that live in the sediment.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Estuaries
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100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ghost shrimp live:
A) in burrows.
B) under rocks on the mud flat.
C) on the surface of the mud.
D) in the water above the mud flat.
E) symbiotically with bivalves.
Q2) An example of a species that uses the estuary as a nursery ground is the:
A) Atlantic eel.
B) seal.
C) shad.
D) lobster.
E) tuna.
Q3) An example of an osmoregulator at low salinities and an osmoconformer at higher salinities is a(n):
A) blue crab.
B) salmon.
C) oyster.
D) sea squirt.
E) tuna.
Q4) How does temperature-driven vertical turnover occur, and what is its importance?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Coral Reef Communities
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98 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Calcium carbonate source
A)Coralline algae
B)Halimeda
C)Sponges and bryzoans
Q2) Most predators living around coral reefs are active during the day when they can see their prey.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The lack of corals near the mouths of the Orinoco and Amazon rivers is primarily due to:
A) cool northern flowing currents.
B) cool upwelling water.
C) massive fresh water out-flow.
D) clear water.
E) both a and b
Q4) Coral reefs are an example of biological organisms that can:
A) alter the temperature.
B) moderate global warming.
C) form the physical structure of the community.
D) regulate water run-off.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Continental Shelves and Neritic Zone
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Sample Questions
Q1) One square meter of open ocean areas supports more phytoplankton growth than a comparable coastal water area.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The number of trophic levels between primary producers and large consumers in coastal waters is usually:
A) one.
B) two.
C) three.
D) four.
E) more than four.
Q3) the giant kelp Macrocystis
A)live in spaces between sediment particles
B)live on the surface sediments
C)burrow in the sediments
Q4) Dinoflagellates tend to dominate in warmer waters.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe 3 adaptations of benthic fishes for living on the continental shelf.
Q6) Briefly describe the ecology and trophic abundance of the Southern Ocean.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: The Open Sea
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most abundant plankton are the:
A) phytoplankton.
B) bacterioplankton.
C) viriplankton.
D) zooplankton.
E) macroplankton.
Q2) What is the deep scattering layer? How was it discovered? What organisms commonly compose this layer?
Q3) Micropatchiness
A)aggregations of nekton
B)migratory zooplankton
C)marine snow
Q4) An example of megaplankton would be:
A) larval fishes.
B) Sargassum seaweed.
C) invertebrate larvae.
D) green flagellates.
E) copepods.
Q5) What is micropatchiness, and what factors give rise to micropatchiness in the open sea?
19
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Chapter 18: Life in the Oceans Depths
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bioluminescence occurs as a result of A) luminescent organs.
B) symbiotic bacteria.
C) conversion of protein luciferin into light energy
D) both a and b
E) both b and c
Q2) Describe what is known about the lifespan of hydrothermal vent communities and how organisms may have adapted to these factors.
Q3) The density of the organisms living at great depths is about:
A) the same as the surrounding density.
B) greater than the surrounding density.
C) less than the surrounding density.
Q4) Anglerfish
A)attract prey
B)confuse predator
C)mate selection
Q5) Alvin
A)bathyscaphe
B)ROV
C)manned submersible
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Chapter 19: Harvesting the Oceans Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stocks
A)annual yield without being exploited
B)maximize yield over several years
C)reproductively isolated
Q2) The potential yield
A) is how many fish can be caught in a year.
B) is an estimate of the amount of profit fishers can expect.
C) is an estimate of the number of pounds of fish or shellfish that may be harvested per year.
D) is an estimate of the profit from fish or shellfish that may be harvested per year.
Q3) Sustainable yield
A)annual yield without being exploited
B)maximize yield over several years
C)reproductively isolated
Q4) Give an example of how knowledge of the biology and life history of a particular fishery could help in the management of that fishery?
Q5) Describe the impact of the incidental catch of the U.S. trawl fishery on marine ecosystems.
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Chapter 20: Oceans in Jeopardy
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Sample Questions
Q1) How is it that DDT and PCB pollution continue today even though these pollutants have been banned in the U.S. for many years?
Q2) DDT was used in the U.S. in the ____ industry.
A) plastics
B) agricultural
C) paint
D) manufacturing
E) weapons.
Q3) Algal blooms result when unusually high amounts of nutrients enter the sea from:
A) runoff from land.
B) leaching from marine sediments.
C) direct intentional dumping.
D) input from wind.
E) shipboard disposal at sea.
Q4) Oil pollution
A)prevention and treatment of urban run-off
B)treatment of sewage
C)phasing out production of single-use plastic items
Q5) What are the problems associated with dumping radioactive waste in subduction zones of the deep sea?
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