Concepts in Physical Science
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Concepts in Physical Science is an interdisciplinary course designed to introduce students to the foundational principles governing the physical world. Topics include the basic concepts of physics such as motion, energy, forces, and the laws of thermodynamics, as well as key ideas from chemistry like atomic structure, chemical reactions, and the properties of matter. The course emphasizes scientific reasoning, problem-solving, and the application of physical science principles to real-world phenomena, fostering a comprehensive understanding of how the physical universe operates.
Recommended Textbook
An Introduction to Physical Science 14th Edition by James Shipman(Numbers)
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Measurement
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Q1) Our senses may obtain less-than-accurate information concerning our physical world because they
A) have limited sensitivity. B) have a limited range. C) are useless.
D) can be deceived.
Answer: D
Q2) The most information about our environment comes to us through the sense of A) smell. B) sight. C) hearing. D) touch.
Answer: B
Q3) The unit of density in the mks system is ______________. Answer: kg/m<sup>3</sup>
Q4) Express 100 megadollars in standard powers-of-10 notation. Answer: 1.0 *10<sup>8</sup> dollars?
Q5) A scientific law is a concise statement that describes a(n)______________ of nature.
Answer: relationship (or regularity)
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Chapter 2: Motion
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Q1) For there to be an acceleration,there must necessarily be a change in ______________.
Answer: velocity
Q2) A student travels from St.Louis to Indianapolis,a distance of 210 mi,in 6.0 h.The return trip over the same route takes 7.0 h.What is the average speed for
a. the first half of the trip?
b. the second half of the trip?
c. the total trip?
Answer: a.35 mi/h
b.30 mi/h
c.32 mi/h
Q3) Displacement divided by time gives
A) average acceleration.
B) average velocity.
C) average speed.
D) average distance.
Answer: B
Q4) Physics deals with matter,motion,force,and ______________.
Answer: energy
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Chapter 3: Force and Motion
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Q1) Which of the following would be different for a person on the Moon rather than on Earth?
A) Weight
B) Height
C) Volume
D) Mass
Answer: A
Q2) An automobile travels due north with a constant speed of 81 km/h.All forces considered,the unbalanced force acting on the auto is
A) zero.
B) southward.
C) northward.
D) downward.
E) upward.
Answer: A
Q3) What is the force of gravity acting on a 1-kg mass??(g = 9.8 m/s<sup>2</sup>)
Answer: 9.8 N
Q4) An unbalanced force of 42 N is applied to a mass of 7.0 kg.What will be the resulting acceleration?
Answer: 6.0 m/s<sup>2</sup> (in the direction of the force)
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Chapter 4: Work and Energy
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Q1) Car B is traveling twice as fast as car A,but car A has twice the mass of car B.Which car has the greater kinetic energy and by what factor is it greater?
Q2) A kilowatt-hour is a unit that measures A) work per unit of time. B) energy. C) power.
D) work × time.
Q3) With a constant braking force,the stopping distance of a car is proportional to ______________.
Q4) In pushing an object on a level surface,work is done against ______________.
Q5) It is estimated that the global reserve of methane hydrate is ______________ the global reserves of coal,oil,and natural gas. A) equal to B) less than C) twice D) ten times
Q6) Besides fossil fuels,the only other significant commercial sources of energy are ______________ and ______________.
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Chapter 5: Temperature and Heat
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Q1) On a winter day the temperature drops from -5°C to -15°C overnight.If a pan sitting outside contains 0.40 kg of ice,how much heat is removed from the ice for this temperature change?
Q2) If the temperature of a quantity of ideal gas increases,then A) the number of molecules must increase.
B) the pressure must increase.
C) the volume must increase.
D) the product of the pressure and volume must increase.
Q3) If the temperature and number of molecules remain constant for a gas,a pressure increase results in a volume ______________.
Q4) A temperature of degrees 260 Celsius is equivalent to _____ Kelvin.
A) 8.6
B) 533.2
C) 126.7
D) -13.0
Q5) When 10 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of a substance,its temperature increases 20 C°.What is the specific heat of the substance?
Q6) Water has a specific heat value of ______________.
Q7) Solids,liquids,and gases are called ______________ of matter.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Waves and Sound
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wave amplitude is related to
A) wave velocity.
B) frequency.
C) energy.
D) wavelength.
Q2) If a piece of ribbon were tied to a stretched string carrying a transverse wave,how would the ribbon be observed to oscillate?
A) Perpendicular to the wave motion
B) Parallel to the wave motion
C) Neither (A) nor (B)
D) Both (A) and (B)
Q3) Sound is a(n)______________ wave.
Q4) Which of the following characterize(s)a wave?
A) Wavelength
B) Amplitude
C) Period
D) All of these
Q5) For a standing wave in a rope or string,the points that remain stationary are called
Q6) A certain radio wave has a frequency of 1.03 MHz.What is the wavelength?
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Chapter 7: Optics and Wave Effects
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Sample Questions
Q1) A lens that is thicker at the center than at the edge is
A) a diverging lens only.
B) a convex lens only.
C) a converging lens only.
D) both a convex lens and a converging lens.
Q2) Reflection from smooth surfaces is called ______________ reflection.
Q3) When light enters a denser medium and is refracted,
A) the wavelength is unchanged.
B) the wave speed increases.
C) the frequency is unchanged.
D) the wavelength increases.
Q4) The photoreceptors responsible for color vision are called ______________.
Q5) A(n)______________ image is defined as one that can be brought to a focus on a screen.
A) virtual
B) real
C) upright
D) inverted
Q6) A(n)______________ consists of many narrow parallel slits very close together.
Q7) Reflection from rough surfaces is called ______________ reflection.
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Chapter 8: Electricity and Magnetism
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Q1) Power may be expressed as _____________ times resistance.
Q2) The angle between true north and the direction in which a compass needle points is called the angle of A) attack.
B) inclination.
C) declination.
D) dip.
Q3) A doorbell has an input voltage of 120 V.A transformer that steps the voltage down to 12 V has 500 turns on its primary.What is the number of turns on the secondary?
Q4) A step-down transformer has more windings on the ______________ coil.
Q5) For an ohmic conductor,current is A) inversely proportional to voltage.
B) inversely proportional to resistance.
C) independent of resistance.
D) independent of voltage.
Q6) The expression that mathematically describes the force between two static electric charges is called ______________.
Q7) A moving electric charge or a current in a magnetic field may experience a(n)______________.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Atomic Physics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following principal quantum number values is impossible?
A) 2.5
B) 16
C) 3
D) 1
Q2) Aristotle's "continuous" model of matter was proved wrong about 1807 by
A) Bohr.
B) Thomson.
C) Dalton.
D) Rutherford.
Q3) The greater the frequency of light,the greater the ______________ of its photons.
A) velocity
B) speed
C) wavelength
D) energy
Q4) The n = 2 energy level is known as the (two words)______________
______________ state.
Q5) Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a 0.145-kg baseball moving at a speed of 45.2 m/s.
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Chapter 10: Nuclear Physics
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Q1) The half-life of \({ } _ { 59 } ^ { 145 } \mathrm { Pr }\) is 6.0 h.What fraction of an original sample of this radionuclide would remain after 30.0 h have elapsed?
Q2) The half-life of <sup>3</sup>H is 12 years.About how long does it take for 7/8 of a sample of that radionuclide to decay?
A) 3 years
B) 24 years
C) 4 years
D) 36 years
Q3) The antiparticle of the electron is called the ______________.
Q4) Who discovered the electron in 1897?
A) Ernest Rutherford
B) James Chadwick
C) J. J. Thomson
D) Niels Bohr
Q5) The number of nucleons in a nucleus is the same as the number of neutrons plus the number of ______________.
Q6) Complete the equation: \({ } _ { 1 } ^ { 2 } \mathrm { H } + { } _ { 3 } ^ { 8 } \mathrm { Li } \rightarrow { } _ { 4 } ^ { 9 } \mathrm { Be } +\) ______________
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Chapter 11: The Chemical Elements
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Q1) Elements have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their ______________.
Q2) About 74% by mass of Earth's crust is composed of the two elements
A) oxygen and iron.
B) aluminum and iron.
C) oxygen and silicon.
D) silicon and aluminum.
Q3) Which of the five major divisions of chemistry deals exclusively with carbon compounds?
A) Physical chemistry
B) Inorganic chemistry
C) Analytical chemistry
D) Organic chemistry
E) Biochemistry
Q4) The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are called A) periods.
B) groups.
C) families.
D) series.
Q5) The vertical columns in the periodic table are called ______________.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Chemical Bonding
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Q1) The formula for the ionic compound sodium nitride is ______________.
Q2) What electric charge is characteristic for an ion of O?
A) 6+
B) 0
C) 2-
D) 2+
Q3) The formula for nickel(II)nitrate would be ______________.
Q4) Which of the following ions is isoelectronic with a neon atom?
A) N<sup>3-</sup>
B) Li<sup>+</sup>
C) Cl<sup>-</sup>
D) F<sup>2-</sup>
Q5) The ratio by mass of carbon to hydrogen in 100 g of a certain compound is 6 to 1.The ratio in 200 g of the same compound will be
A) 24 to 1.
B) 6 to 1.
C) 12 to 1.
D) none of these.
Q6) When forming covalent compounds,atoms ______________ electrons.
Q7) Draw the Lewis structure for Freon-12,CF<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>.
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Chapter 13: Chemical Reactions
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Q1) The original substances in a chemical reaction are called the ______________.
Q2) Hydrogen gas would be a product of the reaction of
A) vinegar and baking soda.
B) iron and hydrochloric acid.
C) oxygen and methane.
D) HCl and NaOH.
Q3) When an acid reacts with a carbonate or hydrogen carbonate,the products are ______________,carbon dioxide,and a salt.
Q4) A solution with a pH of 8 is
A) strongly acidic.
B) weakly basic.
C) strongly basic.
D) weakly acidic.
Q5) What basic type of reaction is illustrated by the general equation A + B AB?
A) Combination
B) Decomposition
C) Double-replacement
D) Single-replacement
Q6) One mole of aluminum consists of ______________ aluminum atoms.
Q7) The H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> ion is called the ______________ ion.
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Chapter 14: Organic Chemistry
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Q1) Starch is a polymer that consists of long chains of ______________ units.
A) lactose
B) fructose
C) maltose
D) glucose
Q2) Ethyne,H-C C-H,is also named ______________.
Q3) To which group of polymers does Dacron belong?
A) Natural
B) Hydrolytic
C) Addition
D) Condensation
Q4) Which of the following could be the molecular formula for an alkane?
A) C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>4</sub>
B) C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>14</sub>
C) C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>5</sub>
D) C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>16</sub>
E) C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>
Q5) Chemically combining glucose and fructose produces the compound named
Page 16
Q6) If a hydrocarbon is not aliphatic,it is ______________.
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Chapter 15: Place and Time
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Q1) A ______________ is always shorter than a ______________ .
A) solar day; sidereal day
B) solar day; mean solar day
C) sidereal day; solar day
D) mean solar day; solar day
Q2) An observer measures the North Star (Polaris)at an altitude of 30°.The observer's latitude is
A) 40°N.
B) none of these.
C) 60°N.
D) 30°N.
Q3) A line of equal latitude is called a(n)______________.
Q4) The present standard for time is based on
A) the transition of an electron between two energy levels of the cesium-133 atom.
B) Earth's rotation.
C) Earth's orbit.
D) none of these.
Q5) Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)is based on ______________.
Q6) "Zulu" is the designation for ______________ time.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Solar System
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Q1) The solar system is a complex system of moving masses held together by ______________ forces.
Q2) At present,the formation of the solar system is believed by most astronomers to have begun with a large,swirling volume of cold gas and dust called the ______________ nebula.
A) condensation
B) primordial
C) accretion
D) celestial
Q3) Kepler's third law of planetary motion is also known as the ______________ law.
A) periodic
B) elliptical path
C) harmonic
D) heliocentric
Q4) The surface of the terrestrial planet ______________ cannot be seen from Earth.
Q5) The rings of Saturn were discovered by ______________.
Q6) The planets with known rings are Saturn,Neptune,______________,and Jupiter.
Q7) The large,central portion of a swirling solar nebula is called a(n)______________.
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Q8) The most distant planet that can be seen with the unaided eye is
Chapter 17: Moons and Small Solar System Bodies
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Q1) On March 21,the Moon is in its first-quarter phase.An observer who sees this Moon on his or her meridian at this time
A) cannot see the Sun.
B) sees the Sun setting.
C) sees the Sun rising.
D) none of these
Q2) If a person weighs 150 lb on Earth,what will the person weigh on the Moon?
Q3) The Moon always presents the same face to Earth because
A) the Moon does not rotate on its axis.
B) the Moon rotates on its axis at same rate at which it revolves around Earth.
C) the Moon revolves around the Sun in one month.
D) none of these
Q4) In exactly 14 days after a full moon,one would see a
A) new moon.
B) waxing crescent moon.
C) first-quarter moon.
D) waning crescent moon.
Q5) Probably the best-known comet is ______________ Comet.
Q6) The bright side of the waxing crescent moon is toward the ______________.
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Q7) When the Moon is 90° west of the Sun,the Moon is in the ______________ phase.
Chapter 18: The Universe
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Q1) What is the value for the total energy that reaches each square meter of Earth from the Sun each second called?
A) Solar constant
B) Solar maximum
C) Sunspots
D) Solar wind
Q2) The majority of stars are small,cool,type-M stars called
A) brown dwarfs.
B) blue dwarfs.
C) red dwarfs.
D) white dwarfs.
Q3) "All distant galaxies are moving away from us,and the farther away a galaxy is from us,the faster it is moving" is a statement of ______________ law.
Q4) The angular measure in degrees north or south of the celestial equator is called ______________.
Q5) Eighty-eight prominent groups of stars in the sky are called the ______________.
Q6) The angular measurement in hours,minutes,and seconds from the celestial prime meridian eastward is called ______________.
Q7) The ______________ is the remnant of a supernova explosion observed in A.D.1054.
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Chapter 19: The Atmosphere
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Q1) Clouds described as "artist's brushes" or "mare's tails" belong to what cloud family?
A) Middle
B) Low
C) High
D) None of these
Q2) About 80% of the mass of the atmosphere and most of the clouds and water vapor are located in the
A) stratosphere.
B) troposphere.
C) mesosphere.
D) thermosphere.
Q3) A normal lapse rate of 3.5 °F/1000 ft is equivalent to
A) 3.5 °C/m.
B) 4 °C/1000 ft.
C) 3.5 °C/km.
D) 6.5 °C/1000 m.
Q4) A barometer that does not use mercury is a(n)______________ barometer.
Q5) The major contribution in heating the troposphere comes from ______________.
Q6) Ideally,the wind direction is ______________ to isobars.
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Chapter 20: Atmospheric Effects
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Q1) Hurricanes derive their energy from
A) latent heat.
B) hot air.
C) cold water.
D) wind.
Q2) Rain that freezes on striking a cold surface gives rise to a(n)______________ storm.
A) hail
B) rain
C) ice
D) snow
Q3) Atmospheric sulfur pollution gives rise to
A) acid snow only.
B) acid fog only.
C) acid rain only.
D) all of these.
Q4) An air mass derives its characteristics from its ______________.
Q5) Air pollution results from ______________ combustion of ______________ fuels.
Q6) A class of pollutants formed at high temperatures (nearly complete combustion)in the presence of air is ______________.
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Chapter 21: Structural G Eology and P Late Tectonics
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Q1) The discovery of seafloor spreading led to acceptance of the theory of
Q2) Folded rock layers that resemble an arch are called ______________.
Q3) Geologists view the section of Earth called the ______________ as consisting of a number of close-fitting plates.
Q4) Which of the following is not one of the three types of plate boundaries?
A) Diverging
B) Converging
C) Fault-block
D) Transform
Q5) Earth's oceanic crust ranges in thickness from about
A) 98 to 140 km.
B) 5 to 11 km.
C) 19 to 98 km.
D) 18 to 26 km.
Q6) The lithosphere consists of
A) all of the crust's depth.
B) all of the crust's depth and part of the mantle's depth.
C) part of the crust's depth.
D) all of the crust's depth and all of the mantle's depth.
Page 23
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Chapter 22: Minerals, rocks, and Volcanoes
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Q1) The most common rocks in Earth's crust are
A) sedimentary.
B) metamorphic.
C) igneous.
D) lava.
Q2) The metamorphosis of limestone leads to A) marble.
B) slate.
C) schist.
D) gneiss.
Q3) Stratification,or ______________,is the layering that develops at the time sediments are deposited.
Q4) What is the hardness of talc on the Mohs scale?
A) 1
B) 4
C) 7
D) 10
Q5) The size and shape assumed by the crystal faces when a mineral crystal has time and space to grow are known as the mineral's ______________.
Page 24
Q6) Gabbro and rhyolite are classified as ______________rocks.
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Chapter 23: Surface Processes
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Q1) By which of the following characterisitcs is a desert defined?
A) High winds
B) High temperature
C) Lack of precipitation
D) Hot days and cold nights
Q2) A stream's load is divided into three components: ______________ load,suspended load,and bed load.
Q3) In latitudes where the subsurface layer of soil always remains frozen,the frozen layer is called
A) an aquifer.
B) the frost table.
C) a glacier.
D) permafrost.
Q4) Earth's third largest ocean is the ______________ Ocean.
Q5) Small glaciers that form along mountains in hollow depressions are called A) cirque glaciers.
B) mountain glaciers.
C) caldera glaciers.
D) moraines.
Q6) Regions on Earth that have the driest climates are known as ______________.
Page 25
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Chapter 24: Geologic Time
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Q1) A dike that intrudes a bed of sedimentary rock is ______________ than the sedimentary rock.
Q2) The Mesozoic is a(n)
A) epoch.
B) era.
C) eon.
D) period.
Q3) The study of fossils is called
A) paleontology.
B) biology.
C) geology.
D) history.
Q4) The K-T impact is thought to have occurred at what site?
A) Iridium
B) Chicxulub
C) Gubbio
D) Alvarez
Q5) The finding of an abnormally high concentration of the element named ______________ was the first clue to the probable cause of the K-T event.
Q6) We live in the ______________ eon.
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