Computing Concepts
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Course Introduction
Computing Concepts introduces students to the foundational principles and essential topics in computing. The course covers basic computer architecture, software and hardware components, data representation, algorithms, operating systems, and networking fundamentals. Students will explore the role of computers in society, learn problem-solving strategies, and gain familiarity with programming concepts through hands-on exercises. By the end of the course, students will have a solid understanding of how computers work, the significance of computation in everyday life, and the necessary skills to pursue more advanced computing studies.
Recommended Textbook
Invitation to Computer Science 6th Edition by G.Michael Schneider
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17 Chapters
849 Verified Questions
849 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: An Introduction to Computer Science
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Q1) FORTRAN and COBOL, the first high-level ("English-like") programming languages, appeared during the <u>first</u> generation of computing.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Integrated circuits, built on silicon chips, were introduced during the ____ generation of computing.
A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
Answer: C
Q3) When an operation is unambiguous, we call it a primitive operation, or simply a primitive of the computing agent carrying out the algorithm.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Algorithm Discovery and Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Print the value of product" is an example of a(n) ____ operation.
A) sequential
B) conditional
C) input
D) output
Answer: D
Q2) Input and output enable the computing agent to communicate with the outside world.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) <u>Natural language</u> is a set of English language constructs designed to resemble the statements in a programming language but that do not actually run on a computer.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) During the initial phases of design, we should be thinking and writing at a highly ____________________ level.
Answer: abstract
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Chapter 3: The Efficiency of Algorithms
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____ is the algorithmic equivalence of style.
A) Efficiency
B) Elegance
C) Aesthetics
D) Complexity
Answer: B
Q2) Binary search does ____ comparisons in the worst case.
A) Q(1)
B) Q(lg n)
C) Q(n)
D) Q(n2)
Answer: B
Q3) What is the logarithm of n to the base 2?
Answer: The number of times a number n can be cut in half and not go below 1
Q4) The selection sort algorithm can recognize whether or not the list is already sorted at the beginning.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: The Building Blocks: Binary Numbers, Boolean
Logic, and Gates
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Sample Questions
Q1) A(n) ____ is a distinct point located on an image's surface.
A) pitch
B) amplitude
C) pixel
D) bit
Q2) In a ____, the values of the outputs depend only on the current values of the inputs.
A) multiplexor
B) decoder
C) circuit
D) transistor
Q3) ____ is a circuit construction algorithm.
A) Sum-of-products
B) Compare-for-equality
C) Full adder
D) Circuit optimizer
Q4) A(n) ____________________ is an error condition that occurs when an operation in a computer produces an integer that exceeds the maximum allowable value.
Q5) What is code mapping?
Q6) Briefly describe the two types of information representation. Page 6
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Page 7
Chapter 5: Computer Systems Organization
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Q1) A(n) ____ is a storage cell that holds the operands of an arithmetic operation and that, when the operation is complete, holds its result.
A) decoder
B) register
C) I/O controller
D) cache
Q2) The ____ of a disk is the time for the beginning of the desired sector to rotate under the read/write head.
A) latency
B) transfer time
C) frequency
D) seek time
Q3) When a computer needs a piece of information, does it immediately perform the memory fetch operation? If not, what does it do?
Q4) Computer manufacturers use a standard cell size of eight
Q5) The normal mode of operation of a Von Neumann machine is <u>sequential</u>.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines
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Q1) For a program to run on a naked machine, it must be represented in <u>decimal</u>.
A)True B)False
Q2) A(n) ____________________ character is displayed on screen to indicate that an operating system is waiting for input.
Q3) Typically, all requests to a(n) ____________________ operating system are prioritized.
Q4) Machine language allows only numeric memory addresses. A)True B)False
Q5) What are three major advantages to writing programs in assembly language rather than machine language?
Q6) Assemblers, compilers, and interpreters are all examples of ____________________ services.
Q7) Machine language is a high-level programming language. A)True B)False
Q8) How does a GUI communicate with a user? Page 9
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Page 10
Chapter 7: Computer Networks, The Internet, and the World Wide Web
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Q1) A technology called <u>broadband</u> has rapidly been replacing modems and analog phone lines for data communications to and from our homes, schools, and offices. _________________________
A)True
B)False
Q2) ____ is the ability to share physical resources, such as a printer or storage device, as well as logical resources, such as software and information.
A) Access sharing
B) Resource sharing
C) Resource planning
D) Access planning
Q3) The <u>star</u> topology connects the network nodes in a circular fashion, with messages circulating in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction until they reach their destination. _________________________
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is a protocol stack?
Q5) What is IPv6?
Q6) Why were WANs first studied?
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Chapter 8: Information Security
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Q1) For a given user ID, ____ software will first try all words in its built-in dictionary, encrypting each with the well-known hash function and comparing the result with the password file.
A) password-cracking
B) password-phreaking
C) password-whacking
D) password-tackling
Q2) In a ____ cipher a single letter of plaintext generates a single letter of ciphertext.
A) substitution
B) next
C) shift
D) modulo
Q3) A ____ attack automatically directs browsers on many machines to a single URL at roughly the same time, causing so much network traffic to that site that it is effectively shut down to legitimate users.
A) denial-of-use
B) trial-of-service
C) trial-of-use
D) denial-of-service
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Page 12
Chapter 9: Introduction to High-Level Language Programming
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Q1) ____ were created to overcome the deficiencies of assembly language.
A) Compilers
B) Low-level programming languages
C) High-level programming languages
D) Linkers
Q2) In assembly language, the programmer need not manage the details of the movement of data items within memory.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The availability of the appropriate compiler guarantees that a program developed on one type of machine can be compiled on a different type of machine.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is pair programming?
Q5) Each <u>low-level</u> language supports if statements and while loops.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Define coding.
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Chapter 10: The Tower of Babel
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Q1) FORTRAN does not allow the use of external libraries.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Unlike FORTRAN, COBOL, C, C++, and Ada, which were carefully developed as programming languages, ____________________, a modern, object-oriented language, was almost an accident.
Q3) C++ is in fact a "subset" of C, meaning that all of the C++ language is part of C.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Much of the processing in the business world concerns updating "transaction files" with changes from "master files."
A)True
B)False
Q5) FORTRAN and ____________________ were the dominant high-level languages of the 1960s and 1970s.
Q6) The majority of business transactions, billions of them per day, are still done on ____________________ code that has now been updated and is likely to continue to run for the foreseeable future.
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Chapter 11: Compilers and Language Translation
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Q1) Online debuggers help programmers locate and correct errors in programs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) List three possible local optimizations.
Q3) The input to a scanner is the machine language statement from the source program.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Performing local optimization is much more difficult than performing global optimization.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The output of a parser is a(n) complete ____________________, or an error message if one cannot be constructed.
Q6) In ____ optimization, the compiler looks at large segments of the program to decide how to improve performance.
A) local
B) global
C) semantic
D) syntactical
Page 15
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Chapter 12: Models of Computation
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Q1) What are four characteristics of the model of a physical or social phenomenon?
Q2) Although we can compare two Turing machine algorithms for the same task, we can't really compare the efficiency of a Turing machine algorithm with an algorithm that runs on a "real" computer.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The symbols for a Turing machine must come from a finite set of symbols called the tape ____.
A) alphabet
B) placeholder
C) blank
D) palette
Q4) The term unary means that we will use ____ symbol(s).
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
Q5) Every problem has an algorithmic solution.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 13: Simulation and Modeling
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Q1) In many models, ____ (whether continuous or discrete) is one of the key variables.
A) temperature
B) height
C) time
D) distance
Q2) A ____ is a representation of the system being studied, which we claim behaves much like the original.
A) problem
B) concept
C) replica
D) model
Q3) Scientists often work with a model of a system rather than experimenting on the "real thing."
A)True
B)False
Q4) It is certainly a lot easier to work with a numerical description of data than a visualization.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Electronic Commerce and Databases
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Q1) Discuss the ability of cloud computing to expand and contract with the needs of your business.
Q2) In general, issues of personal privacy and public safety are magnified enormously by the capabilities of ____________________ databases.
Q3) ____ is the time to position the read/write head over the correct track on the disk.
A) Lag time
B) Latency
C) Seek time
D) Transfer time
Q4) Organizing the way that records are stored on the disk can help to minimize the access time by reducing the number of disk ____________________ that must be done before finding the sector containing the desired record.
Q5) A standard data DVD holds ____ GB of data.
A) 720
B) 1.44
C) 4.7
D) 8.2
Q6) What, in detail, is cybersquatting?
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Chapter 15: Artificial Intelligence
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Q1) If an output neuron fires when it is not supposed to, then the positive input values coming into it are adjusted <u>upward</u>. _________________________
A)True
B)False
Q2) The term ____ means the language of formal logic.
A) graphical scheme
B) natural language
C) logic scheme
D) formal language
Q3) A brute force approach is commonly used for intelligent chess-playing strategy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A neuron is a cell capable of receiving stimuli, in the form of electrochemical signals, from other neurons through its many dendrites.
A)True
B)False
Q5) ____________________ with a hidden layer of neurons are useful for recognition tasks, where we desire a certain pattern of output signals for a certain pattern of input signals.
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Chapter 16: Computer Graphics and Entertainment: Movies, Games,
and Virtual Communities
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Q1) The sequence of operations that must be completed successfully to produce a realistic three-dimensional image sequence is termed the ____.
A) graphics streamline
B) graphics pipeline
C) graphics mode
D) graphics perspective
Q2) CBS used the UNIVAC I to predict the outcome of the 1952 presidential election.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In an MMOG, the system must simply ensure that all users adhere to the rules of the game, not the legality of the operations.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Stop-motion special effects were used in many fantasy, adventure, and science-fiction movies of the 1930s through 1960s.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the first step in generating a realistic three-dimensional image?
Q6) What are three examples of issues addressed during the rendering process?
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Chapter 17: Making Decisions About Computers,
Information, and Society
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Q1) A ____ focuses on the consequences of an act to determine if the act is good or bad.
A) consequentialist
B) universalist
C) PGP
D) dialectic
Q2) What would a careful utilitarian declare an act if HAPPINESS_AFTER = HAPPINESS_BEFORE?
A) good
B) evil
C) ethically neutral
D) none of the above
Q3) Making critical decisions about computing technology is unavoidable.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The most well-known consequentialists are the <u>neo-Luddites</u>.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define cyberbullying.
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