Computing Concepts
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Computing Concepts introduces students to the foundational ideas and principles that underpin modern computing. The course covers core topics such as algorithms, data structures, software and hardware basics, programming paradigms, operating systems, networking, and databases. Emphasizing computational thinking, students analyze how computers solve problems, represent information, and interact with users and other systems. Through hands-on activities and theoretical exploration, the course prepares learners to understand, utilize, and further study computing technologies in academic and professional contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Invitation to Computer Science 6th Edition by G.Michael Schneider
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17 Chapters
849 Verified Questions
849 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Computer Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) What were the marks of the user-friendly systems that emerged in the fourth generation of computers?
Answer: They included new graphical user interfaces with pull-down menus, icons, and other visual aids to make computing easier and more fun.
Q2) According to Norman Gibbs' and Allen Tucker's definition of computer science, the central concept in computer science is the <u>compiler</u>.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) During the ____ generation of computing, the desktop machine shrunk to the size of a typewriter.
A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Algorithm Discovery and Design
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Q1) What is the problem with using high-level programming languages to represent algorithms?
Answer: As an algorithmic design language, this notation is also seriously flawed. During the initial phases of design, we should be thinking and writing at a highly abstract level. Using a programming language to express our design forces us to deal immediately with detailed language issues, such as punctuation, grammar, and syntax. These technical details clutter our thoughts and at this point in the solution process are totally out of place. When creating algorithms, a programmer should no more worry about semicolons and capitalization than a novelist should worry about typography and cover design when writing the first draft.
Q2) To create a loop that executes exactly b times, we create a ____.
A) control object
B) counting method
C) counter
D) variable
Answer: C
Q3) ____________________ operations allow us to alter the normal sequential flow of control in an algorithm.
Answer: Control
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Efficiency of Algorithms
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Sample Questions
Q1) The copy-over algorithm is ____ in time efficiency in the worst case.
A) Q(1)
B) Q(n)
C) Q(2n)
D) Q(n2)
Answer: B
Q2) If an algorithm is more time efficient and less space efficient, what is this called?
Answer: This choice is called the time/space trade-off, in which you gain something by giving up something else.
Q3) What is the logarithm of n to the base 2?
Answer: The number of times a number n can be cut in half and not go below 1
Q4) ____________________ problems are solvable, but the solution algorithms all require so much work as to be virtually useless.
Answer: Intractable
Q5) A(n) ____________________ is a path through a graph that begins and ends at the same node and goes through all other nodes exactly once.
Answer: Hamiltonian circuit
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Chapter 4: The Building Blocks: Binary Numbers, Boolean
Logic, and Gates
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Q1) A(n) ____ is a distinct point located on an image's surface.
A) pitch
B) amplitude
C) pixel
D) bit
Q2) A multiplexor is a circuit that has 2 input lines and ____ output line(s).
A) 1
B) 2
C) N
D) 2N
Q3) What is the rule for evaluating the NOT operation?
Q4) Describe at length what a multiplexor is.
Q5) The total number of ____ per second is called hertz.
A) bits
B) bytes
C) periods
D) cycles
Q6) The emitter and collector are the two input lines of a transistor.
A)True
B)False Page 6
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Page 7
Chapter 5: Computer Systems Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) MIMD parallelism is a <u>scalable</u> architecture.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In a ____, the original contents of the memory cell are unchanged.
A) nondestructive fetch
B) destructive store
C) random access memory
D) volatile storage
Q3) The first computer to achieve a speed of 1 million floating-point operations per second, 1 ____________________, was the Control Data 6600 in the mid-1960s.
Q4) What is the most fundamental characteristic of the Von Neumann architecture?
Q5) The ____ of a disk is the time needed to position the read/write head over the correct track.
A) latency
B) frequency
C) transfer speed
D) seek time
Q6) Draw an analogy between cache memory and a home refrigerator.
8
Q7) Computer manufacturers use a standard cell size of eight
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Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines
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Q1) The conversion of symbolic op codes such as LOAD, ADD, and SUBTRACT to binary makes use of a structure called the ____.
A) op code table
B) assembler
C) loader
D) library
Q2) Icons displayed on the screen are selected with a mouse and a button using a technique called ____.
A) windows interface
B) point-and-click
C) panel interface
D) command line
Q3) Assemblers, compilers, and interpreters are all examples of ____________________ services.
Q4) The ____ hides from the user the messy details of underlying hardware.
A) interface
B) operating system
C) system software
D) machine code
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Q5) ____________________ labels increase the maintainability of a program.
Chapter 7: Computer Networks, The Internet, and the World Wide Web
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Q1) The World Wide Web was completed and made available to all researchers at CERN in May 1982, the date that marks the birth of the Web.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A digital subscriber line is always symmetric, which means that it has the same transmission speed in the download direction as in the upload direction.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are the two critical responsibilities of the Network layer?
Q4) A ____ connects hardware devices such as computers, printers, and storage devices that are all in close proximity.
A) metro area network
B) local area network
C) wide area network
D) proximity network
Q5) A(n) ____________________ is a "smarter" device that has knowledge about the nodes located on each separate network.
Q6) What is a protocol stack?
Page 10
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Chapter 8: Information Security
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Sample Questions
Q1) The operating system encrypts the password for a given user by encoding the information, using a process that is difficult to apply but easy to undo.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Some laptops now use ____ information such as fingerprint scanning.
A) psychometric
B) electromagnetic
C) biometric
D) optical
Q3) The exchange of setup information between the client and server, preparatory to exchanging real data, is known as a ____.
A) handshake
B) training exchange
C) linkage
D) synchronization
Q4) Your best defense against someone guessing your password is to be smart about how you choose and use your password.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Introduction to High-Level Language Programming
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Q1) The availability of the appropriate compiler guarantees that a program developed on one type of machine can be compiled on a different type of machine.
A)True
B)False
Q2) List four expectations of a program written in a high-level language.
Q3) Most programming languages are now presented within an ____.
A) Integrated Development Environment
B) Integrated Deployment Environment
C) Implementation Development Environment
D) Interactive Development Environment
Q4) What is pair programming?
Q5) The ____________________ computer architecture is characterized by sequential fetch-decode-execute cycles.
Q6) Machine language is also known as ____ code.
A) object
B) source
C) link
D) reloadable
Page 12
Q7) What is the purpose of the feasibility study?
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Chapter 10: The Tower of Babel
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Q1) C++ is in fact a "subset" of C, meaning that all of the C++ language is part of C.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The use of parallelism always reduces processing time because subtasks are being executed concurrently.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Patterned after the human brain, ____ can involve massive interconnections of many extremely simple devices.
A) neural networks
B) kinetic networks
C) biometric networks
D) psychometric networks
Q4) Early versions of FORTRAN allowed the use of mathematical symbols such as < to compare two quantities.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the two models of parallel architectures.
Q6) With what is SQL designed to be used?
Page 13
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Chapter 11: Compilers and Language Translation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The singular goal of compilers is correctness.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What does this BNF rule say?
<addition operator> ::= +
Q3) A ____ is a data structure that stores information about a nonterminal, such as the actual name of the object and its data type.
A) rule
B) production
C) parse tree
D) semantic record
Q4) Explain what the goal symbol is, and explain what its significance is.
Q5) Present what each individual BNF rule looks like, and briefly explain its components.
Q6) ____ begins at the productions in the tree that are nearest to the original input tokens.
A) Code generation
B) Parsing
C) Lexical analysis
D) Semantic analysis
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Models of Computation
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Q1) Given that we can make a comparison between two Turing machine algorithms for the same task, can we compare the efficiency of a Turing machine algorithm with one that runs on a "real" computer?
Q2) Models can only give us information about existing phenomena. A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss at length the assertion that Turing machines define the limits of computability.
Q4) The Turing machine contains two separate units, one for input and one for output. A)True
B)False
Q5) The equation for the distance d that a moving vehicle travels - the product of rate r and time t - is considered to be a model.
A)True
B)False
Q6) One consequence of a(n) ____________________ problem related to the halting problem is that no program can be written to decide whether any given program always stops eventually, no matter what the input.
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Chapter 13: Simulation and Modeling
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Q1) ____ is a design approach that says only when we think we have created the best design possible would we actually build it.
A) Computational decomposition
B) Computational analysis
C) Computational steering
D) Computational methodology
Q2) A ____ is one of the most popular and widely used techniques for building computer models.
A) discrete event analysis
B) disconnected event simulation
C) discrete event simulation
D) general event simulation
Q3) The use of ____ becomes even more important as the amount of output increases and grows more complex.
A) data
B) models
C) visualizations
D) renderings
Q4) What happens in a simulated system when we process an event?
Q5) What is the difference between computer graphics and scientific visualization?
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Electronic Commerce and Databases
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Q1) The Census Bureau of the U.S. Department of Commerce estimated e-commerce retail sales in the United States for the first quarter of 2010 to be $36.7 billion, an increase of 13% from the first quarter of 2008.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ____ is the practice of impersonating a legitimate site for the purposes of stealing money or stealing identity by collecting confidential information such as credit card numbers, names, and addresses.
A) Spooling
B) Spoofing
C) Spamming
D) Spooning
Q3) To change information in an existing tuple, you use the SQL ____ command.
A) UPDATE
B) SELECT
C) INSERT
D) DELETE
Q4) Discuss the ability of cloud computing to expand and contract with the needs of your business.
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Chapter 15: Artificial Intelligence
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Q1) The ____ causes the network to settle into a stable state where it can correctly respond, to any desired degree of accuracy, to all inputs in the training set.
A) back propagation algorithm
B) decision tree
C) connectionist architecture
D) solution path
Q2) ____ is a well-known humanoid robot built by Honda Motor Company.
A) ROBOTO
B) ISSAC
C) ASIMO
D) CIVIC
Q3) What does the term robot imply?
Q4) Building a machine that can beat a human at chess is definitively the supreme test of artificial of intelligence.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the brute force approach, in terms of a solution path?
Q6) Each ____________________ can be thought of as an extremely simple computational device with a single on/off output.
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Computer Graphics and Entertainment: Movies, Games,
and Virtual Communities
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Q1) Currently there are 21 million residents of ____________________, which would make it the 55th-largest country in the world.
Q2) List at least three of the technical problems that must be solved by the designers of MMOGs.
Q3) ____________________ means taking an object stored as a mathematical model and converting it into a fully formed, visually pleasing three-dimensional image.
Q4) King Kong's movements in the 1933 film were created using a manual technique called ____.
A) CGI
B) film overlay
C) skip-motion animation
D) stop-motion animation
Q5) Typically, a ____ has its own dedicated random access memory where it stores its image data and which is separate from primary memory.
A) CPU
B) PPU
C) GPU
D) MPU
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Chapter 17: Making Decisions About Computers,
Information, and Society
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Q1) In a(n) ____, we move back and forth between different viewpoints, criticizing each and trying to learn from each.
A) encryption scheme
B) dialectic
C) utilitarian scheme
D) PGP
Q2) Explain what sexting is.
Q3) What are two of these major leaks in which WikiLeaks has been involved?
Q4) The most well-known consequentialists are the <u>neo-Luddites</u>.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A fundamental question in ____________________ is what criteria to use when "measuring" the rightness or wrongness of a particular act.
Q6) The digital representation of audio information can produce massive and unwieldy data files, which can be reduced by using a compression algorithm such as FTP.
A)True
B)False
Page 20
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