Computers and Society Test Bank
Course Introduction
This course explores the complex relationship between computing technologies and society, examining the ways in which computers shape social structures, ethical considerations, and cultural norms. Through discussions, case studies, and critical analysis, students investigate topics such as digital privacy, intellectual property, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, and the impacts of social media. The course encourages students to consider the broader social and ethical implications of technological innovation, fostering responsible and informed engagement with computing in a rapidly changing world.
Recommended Textbook
Invitation to Computer Science 7th Edition by G.Michael Schneider
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17 Chapters
849 Verified Questions
849 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: An Introduction to Computer Science
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Q1) ____ was the first programmable device.
A) A Leibniz Wheel
B) The Analytic Engine
C) The Pascaline
D) Jacquard's loom
Answer: D
Q2) Explain the meaning and significance of the term "effectively computable."
Answer: It is not enough for an operation to be understandable; it must also be doable by the computing agent.If an algorithm tells me to flap my arms really quickly and fly, while I understand perfectly what it is asking me to do, I am incapable of doing it."Doable" means there exists a computational process that allows the computing agent to complete that operation successfully, the formal term for which is "effectively computable."
Q3) Mechanical devices for performing complex calculations existed prior to the 20th century.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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3
Chapter 2: Algorithm Discovery and Design
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Q1) The if/then/else operation allows you to select exactly one of three alternatives.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The technique of looking at all the items in a list, starting at the beginning of the list, one at a time, until we either find what we are looking for or come to the end of the list is called ____ search.
A) sequential
B) control
C) iterative
D) random
Answer: A
Q3) The process of finding a solution to a given problem is called ____________________ discovery.
Answer: algorithm
Q4) ____________________ is sometimes called a programming language without any details.
Answer: Pseudocode
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Chapter 3: The Efficiency of Algorithms
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Q1) Given a sorted list, the sequential search algorithm is more efficient than the binary search.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The properties that make better algorithms are very similar to the properties we look for when purchasing a car.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Placing a list of items into alphabetical or numerical order is called ____.
A) simplifying
B) searching
C) sorting
D) pattern matching
Answer: C
Q4) What is the definition of order of magnitude n?
Answer: Anything that varies as a constant times n (and whose graph follows the basic shape of n) is said to be order of magnitude n.
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Chapter 4: The Building Blocks: Binary Numbers, Boolean
Logic, and Gates
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Q1) The total number of ____ per second is called hertz.
A) bits
B) bytes
C) periods
D) cycles
Q2) Two's complement representation is a signed integer representation that does not suffer from the problem of two zeros.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain what a color palette is and why it is significant in the storage of images.
Q4) The True Color scheme uses ____ bits.
A) 8
B) 16
C) 24
D) 64
Q5) A(n) ____________________ is an error condition that occurs when an operation in a computer produces an integer that exceeds the maximum allowable value.
Q6) What is sampling?
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Chapter 5: Computer Systems Organization
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Q1) The instructions that can be decoded and executed by the control unit of a computer are represented in machine language.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The normal mode of operation of a Von Neumann machine is <u>sequential</u>._________________________
A)True
B)False
Q3) It is the task of the ____ to fetch and execute instructions.
A) arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)
B) I/O controllers
C) memory
D) control unit
Q4) A(n) ____ is a storage cell that holds the operands of an arithmetic operation and that, when the operation is complete, holds its result.
A) decoder
B) register
C) I/O controller
D) cache
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Chapter 6: An Introduction to System Software and Virtual Machines
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Q1) C++ and Java are examples of ____ languages.
A) low-level programming
B) high-level programming
C) machine
D) assembly
Q2) A Von Neumann computer without any helpful user-oriented features is called a(n) ____ machine.
A) distributed
B) virtual
C) assembler
D) naked
Q3) Clients cannot perform local computations without access to the network.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Machine language is a high-level programming language.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the four tasks to be performed by an assembler?
Q7) Describe four problems with machine language. Page 8
Q6) Explain what a real-time operating system does.Then give a detailed example.
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Page 9
Chapter 7: Computer Networks and Cloud Computing
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Q1) In June 2010, the IEEE ratifiedthe 100-gigabit Ethernet standard.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the early 1980s, TCP/IP was used only in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ____ is the ability to share physical resources, such as a printer or storage device, as well as logical resources, such as software and information.
A) Access sharing
B) Resource sharing
C) Resource planning
D) Access planning
Q4) What does the term net neutrality mean?
Q5) In the commercial and office environment, the most widely used broadband technology is ____.
A) ATM
B) token-ring
C) Ethernet
D) SONET
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Chapter 8: Information Security
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Q1) The ____ maintains a file of user IDs and corresponding passwords.
A) switch
B) router
C) operating system
D) firewall
Q2) Any positive ____________________ is either a prime number or a number that can be written in a unique way as a product of prime factors.
Q3) A text file can be hidden in an image file by changing (if needed) the least significant bit of each byte of the image file to match the ____________________ form of the characters in the text.
Q4) The success of RSA encryption depends on the fact that it is extremely difficult to find the prime factors for n if n is a small number.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The term ____________________ comes about because perpetrators cast out bait, in the form of e-mail messages, to thousands of potential victims in the hope that one or two will "bite" and fall for this scam.
Q6) What is the major difference between TSL and SSL?
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Chapter 9: Introduction to High-Level Language Programming
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Q1) ____ takes place on each module (subtask code) as it is completed.
A) Regression testing
B) System testing
C) Unit testing
D) Integration testing
Q2) Each assembly language statement corresponds to, at most, one ____________________ language statement.
Q3) Discuss documentation at length, including definitions of all the different types.
Q4) ____ allows miscommunications between the user and the programmer to be identified and corrected early in the development process.
A) Rapid deployment
B) Rapid configuration
C) Rapid prototyping
D) Rapid interfacing
Q5) ____ is the process of translating the detailed designs into computer code.
A) Translating
B) Interpreting
C) Coding
D) Configuring
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Chapter 10: The Tower of Babel
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Q1) Much of the processing in the business world concerns updating "transaction files" with changes from "master files."
A)True
B)False
Q2) C++ is in fact a "subset" of C, meaning that all of the C++ language is part of C.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Using a single processor, finding the largest of N numbers takes ____ time.
A) (1)
B) (NlogN)
C) (N2)
D) (N)
Q4) With what is SQL designed to be used?
Q5) The use of parallelism always reduces processing time because subtasks are being executed concurrently.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Provide an explanation of the word function in the context of functional languages.
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Chapter 11: Compilers and Language Translation
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Q1) Explain what the goal symbol is, and explain what its significance is.
Q2) A BNF rule is also known as a production.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A(n) ____ definition defines a nonterminal symbol in terms of itself.
A) ambiguous
B) recursive
C) local
D) global
Q4) A ____ is a data structure that stores information about a nonterminal, such as the actual name of the object and its data type.
A) rule
B) production
C) parse tree
D) semantic record
Q5) The output of a parser is a(n) complete ____________________, or an error message if one cannot be constructed.
Q6) What does this BNF rule say?
<addition operator> ::= +
Q7) List three possible local optimizations.
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Chapter 12: Models of Computation
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Q1) What are four characteristics of the model of a physical or social phenomenon?
Q2) The model of a phenomenon must capture the full functionality of the real thing. A)True
B)False
Q3) The real value of Turing machines as models of computability is in exposing problems that are ____________________.
Q4) One consequence of a(n) ____________________ problem related to the halting problem is that no program can be written to decide whether any given program always stops eventually, no matter what the input.
Q5) Every problem has an algorithmic solution.
A)True
B)False
Q6) According to its definition, what must an algorithm be or do?
Q7) Although we can compare two Turing machine algorithms for the same task, we can't really compare the efficiency of a Turing machine algorithm with an algorithm that runs on a "real" computer.
A)True
B)False
Q8) Describe in detail what a Turing machine includes.
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Chapter 13: Simulation and Modeling
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Q1) If a value in a simulation model behaves in a random fashion, but follows a statistical distribution pattern, what are the implications of this?
Q2) The throw of the dice or the drawing of a card is known as ____ behavior.
A) predictable
B) random
C) deterministic
D) conventional
Q3) With what is the field of scientific visualization concerned?
Q4) If we know the ____, then the computer can generate a sequence of random numbers that follows this pattern, and this sequence accurately models the time it takes to serve customers in real life.
A) probabilistic distribution
B) statistical distribution
C) random distribution
D) normalized distribution
Q5) We always know, in a mathematical sense, exactly how to describe certain types of systems and behaviors.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Electronic Commerce, Databases, and Personal
Privacy
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Q1) A ____ is a collection of databases thatcontain current and archived data used for research and analysis purposesrather than to manage day-to-day business transactions such asinventory control or payroll data.
A) data mine
B) data broker
C) data warehouse
D) daisy chain
Q2) What is a Bitcoin?
Q3) A(n) ____________________ is a graphical ad, often with animation, placed in a prominent position on a web page.
Q4) Each category of information in a database is called a(n) ____.
A) element
B) tuple
C) attribute
D) entity
Q5) To the user, distributed databases look like a single database with fast access times, just like data being accessed on the local machine.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Artificial Intelligence
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Q1) <u>Backward</u> chaining begins with assertions and tries to match those assertions to the "if" clauses of rules, thereby generating new assertions._________________________
A)True
B)False
Q2) Proponents of the <u>reactive</u> strategy of robotics argue that a robot cannot react meaningfully without processing the stimulus and planning a reaction based on its internal representation of the environment._________________________
A)True
B)False
Q3) Although ____________________ incorporate a body of knowledge to "filter" their choices and thereby appear to capture certain aspects of human reasoning, they still perform relatively limited tasks.
Q4) ____ is the study of how we as humans think and learn.
A) Artificial intelligence
B) Cognitive science
C) Social science
D) Neuroscience
Q5) Explain in detail what swarm intelligence is.
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Chapter 16: Computer Graphics and Entertainment: Movies, Games,
and Virtual Communities
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Q1) What is the operative principal in producing video game images?
Q2) Atari released its first product in 1974, an arcade game called ____.
A) Ping
B) Tetris
C) Pong
D) Frogger
Q3) In stop-motion animation, a single photograph is called a ____.
A) frame
B) block
C) unit
D) cell
Q4) The sequence of operations that must be completed successfully to produce a realistic three-dimensional image sequence is termed the ____.
A) graphics streamline
B) graphics pipeline
C) graphics mode
D) graphics perspective
Q5) Explain the animation technique used in the 1933 film King Kong.
Q7) What is the first step in generating a realistic three-dimensional image? Page 19
Q6) Explain in detail what medical imaging is and what is empowers physicians to do.
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Chapter 17: Making Decisions About Computers,
Information, and Society
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Q1) A fundamental question in ____________________ is what criteria to use when "measuring" the rightness or wrongness of a particular act.
Q2) ____ calls can be made from any place that the user can get an Internet connection.
A) FTP
B) VoIP
C) Linux
D) MP3
Q3) A(n) ____ is someone who breaks into computer systems, launches Internet worms and viruses, or perpetrates other dubious computer-related vandalism.
A) encryption
B) PGP
C) utilitarian
D) hacker
Q4) The most well-known consequentialists are the <u>neo-Luddites</u>._________________________
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain what sexting is.
Page 21
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