Computed Tomography Exam Review
Course Introduction
Computed Tomography is a specialized course that explores the principles, technology, and clinical applications of CT imaging in medical diagnostics. Students will learn about the physics of X-ray generation, data acquisition, image reconstruction algorithms, and advanced imaging techniques utilized in computed tomography. The curriculum covers patient preparation, safety protocols, contrast administration, anatomical cross-sectional imaging, and the interpretation of CT images. Emphasis is placed on understanding image quality factors, radiation dose management, and recent developments in CT technology to ensure precise and effective diagnostic outcomes.
Recommended Textbook
Computed Tomography Physical Principles Clinical Applications and Quality Control 3rd Edition
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20 Chapters
797 Verified Questions
797 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Computed Tomography: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) Image reconstruction
A)Determine tissue types in computed tomography slices
B)Algorithms
C)Image storage
D)Computed tomography dose descriptor
E)Converting electrical signals into digital data
F)Surface-based rendering
Answer: B
Q2) Data acquisition refers to:
A)collecting x-ray transmission readings from the patient
B)subjecting data to computer processing
C)changing the data before they are displayed on a monitor
D)storing the data collected from the patient onto magnetic tapes or disks
Answer: A
Q3) Quality control is well established in computed tomography.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Introduction to Computers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Laser beam
A)Digital integrated circuit
B)A string of 8 bits
C)2 bytes
D)1,000,000 bytes
E)Internal memory
F)1000 bytes
G)Bit
H)Optical disk
Answer: H
Q2) The following are examples of operating systems except:
A)UNIX
B)Microsoft Word
C)OS/2
D)Macintosh OS
Answer: B
Q3) A bit is a contraction for binary digit.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Digital Image Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is more accurate with respect to sampling an analog signal?
A)2-bit ADC
B)4-bit ADC
C)8-bit ADC
D)16-bit ADC
Answer: D
Q2) This technique can result in the scaling and sizing of images
A)global operations
B)point operations
C)local operations
D)geometrical operations
Answer: D
Q3) Nonvisible physical images include all of the following except:
A)temperature
B)pressure
C)elevation maps
D)holograms
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Physical Principles of Computed Tomography
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Q1) If the linear attenuation coefficients for fat and water are 0.185 and 0.205, respectively, and the scaling factor for the scanner is 1000, the CT number for fat is approximately:
A)+1000
B)-1000
C)+100
D)-100
Q2) The field of view is:
A)the reconstruction circle
B)the region of interest
C)a mathematical technique
D)a digital processing technique
Q3) The center or mid point of the range of computed tomography numbers is called the:
A)window width
B)window level
C)region of interest
D)contrast factor
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6
Chapter 5: Data Acquisition Concepts
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Q1) Filtration
A)Data acquisition system
B)Flashes of light
C)Beam hardening
D)Xenon gas
E)Slice thickness
F)Photodiode
G)Continuous gantry rotation
Q2) Multirow computed tomography detectors fall into two categories, namely, matrix array detectors and pixel array detectors.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which scanner allows for continuous rotation of the x-ray tube while the patient moves simultaneously through the gantry aperture?
A)third-generation conventional scanner
B)fourth-generation conventional scanner
C)spiral/helical scanner
D)dynamic volume scanner
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Chapter 6: Image Reconstruction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following will allow the user to interactively visualize, manipulate, and measure large three-dimensional objects on general-purpose workstations?
A)three-dimensional algorithms
B)interpolation algorithms
C)Fourier transform
D)three-dimensional convolution
Q2) Which of the following cone beam algorithms are available for use with the new generation of multislice computed tomography scanners? I. exact cone-beam algorithms
II. filtered cone-beam algorithms
III. approximate cone-beam algorithms
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) A large cone beam will result in cone-beam artifacts.
A)True
B)False
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8
Chapter 7: Basic Instrumentation
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are categories of computed tomography software except:
A)reconstruction software
B)detector software
C)preprocessing software
D)image postprocessing software
Q2) Most scanners have a gantry aperture of about:
A)70 mm
B)70 inches
C)100 cm
D)70 cm.
Q3) Which of the following is a hardware option for computed tomography scanners?
A)independent work stations
B)bone mineral analysis package
C)three-dimensional reconstruction package
D)xenon computed tomography
Q4) Typical operating modes include priority scan mode and static scan mode.
A)True
B)False
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Image Postprocessing and Visualization Tools
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following optimizes the image display for a particular structure?
A)peak kilovoltage
B)milliamperage
C)window width
D)window length
Q2) Reconstruction synthesis operations create images from other images or nonimage data.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Multiplanar reconstruction creates three-dimensional images from the transaxial data set.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A large window width indicates that there is a relatively ______________ gray scale.
A)long
B)short
C)narrow
D)curved
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Chapter 9: Image Quality
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Sample Questions
Q1) On an image, partial volume artifacts will appear as:
I. bands
II. shading
III. streaks
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) The fact that noise in the reconstructed images is no longer white describes:
I. noise power spectrum
II. Wiener spectrum
III. reconstruction spectrum
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) As a result of volumetric computed tomography, the scatter-to-primary ratio decreases.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography
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Q1) If the pitch increases, the dose:
A)decreases
B)increases
C)stays the same
D)pitch and dose are unrelated
Q2) The overall goals of automatic tube current modulation are to: I. provide consistent image quality
II. increase scan speed
III. control dose to the patient
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) rem
A)old unit of effective dose
B)conventional unit of exposure
C)old unit of absorbed dose
D)SI unit of effective dose
E)SI unit of absorbed dose
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Single-Slice Spiralhelical Computed
Tomography: Physical Principles and Instrumentation
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Q1) Table increment and pitch are directly proportional.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A number of interpolation algorithms are used to produce the planar data set, but linear interpolation is the simplest approach.
A)True
B)False
Q3) All of the following are requirements for volume scanning except:
A)continuous couch movement
B)increased cooling capacity
C)slip-ring technology
D)tube memory
Q4) The time it takes to accomplish steps 1, 3, and 4 in the scanning sequence for a conventional computed tomography scanner is called the:
A)intergroup delay time
B)interscan delay time
C)data acquisition time
D)scan speed time
13
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Chapter 12: Multislice Spiralhelical Computed Tomography:
Physical Principles and Instrumentation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following describes when raw data for image reconstruction can be selected on the basis of the patient's electrocardiogram?
A)cardiac reconstruction
B)gated reconstruction
C)motion reconstruction
D)timed reconstruction
Q2) The operator console controls all of the following except:
A)communication
B)control of the gantry
C)patient dose
D)windowing
Q3) Some clinical benefits of subsecond scanning include:
I. reduced motion artifacts
II. greater scan coverage
III. reduced patient dose
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
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Chapter 13: Other Technical Applications of Computed
Tomography Imaging: Basic Principles
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are steps crucial to performing a computed tomographic angiography examination except:
A)acquisition measures
B)contrast media administration
C)decreased collimation
D)patient preparation
Q2) During the development of computed tomography fluoroscopy, the dose to the ________ of the operator was a concern.
A)eyes
B)hands
C)skin
D)thyroid
Q3) The table speed can be expressed as:
I. d = R/T
II. d = R + S/t
III. d = S * P/t
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
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Chapter 14: Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography:
Basic Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Slice imaging is the most complex of all three-dimensional imaging.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Virtual endoscopy allows the viewer to "fly through" structures such as:
I. colon
II. tracheobronchial tree
III. vessels
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) Which of the following algorithms uses only the tissues with the greatest attenuation?
A)average intensity projection
B)maximum intensity projection
C)minimum intensity projection
D)total intensity projection
Q4) Describe the role of the radiological technologist in three-dimensional computed tomography imaging.
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Chapter 15: Virtual Reality Imaging
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fourth dimension involved in four-dimensional angiography is ____________.
A)density
B)opacity
C)pressure
D)time
Q2) What technique is used to virtually unroll, slice open, and display a three-dimensional model of the colon?
A)virtual cropping
B)virtual cutting
C)virtual dissection
D)virtual splicing
Q3) Most experts agree that surface rendering is not best suited for use in computed tomography virtual reality imaging.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Proper patient preparation is not important for the success of virtual colonoscopy.
A)True
B)False
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Positron Emission Tomographycomputed
Tomography Scanners
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Sample Questions
Q1) The crystals in the construction of a positron emission tomography scanner's detectors are:
A)cadmium detectors
B)helium gas detectors
C)scintillation detectors
D)xenon gas detectors
Q2) One approach to reducing scatter includes introducing __________ between detection rings.
A)antiscatter grids
B)filtration
C)absorbing septa
D)scatter shields
Q3) A disadvantage of using isotopes such as <sup>15</sup>O, <sup>13</sup>N, and <sup>11</sup>C are their:
A)long half-lives
B)short half-lives
C)long persistence
D)short persistence
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Chapter 17: Computed Tomography of the Head, Cerebral
Vessels, Neck, and Spine
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Q1) Which of the following is the most common condition evaluated by repeated computed tomographic head scanning?
A)acute subdural hematoma
B)chronic subdural hematoma
C)metastatic disease
D)transient ischemic attack
Q2) All of the following are algorithms used for the brain, neck, and spine except:
A)bone
B)detail
C)lung
D)standard
Q3) Sinus disease is not well demonstrated by computed tomography.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Preparation of the patient for a computed tomographic scan of the head or spine should include all of the following except:
A)metallic objects should be removed
B)explanation of contrast media (if indicated)
C)patient should empty the bladder
D)patient should be made comfortable
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Chapter 18: Computed Tomography of the Body
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Q1) Computed tomographic imaging of the bowel for evaluation of bowel obstructions can demonstrate all of the following except:
A)confirmation of obstruction
B)determination of the level of obstruction
C)measurement of bowel fluid
D)indication of possible vascular compromise
Q2) Abdomen and pelvis scans are commonly obtained with the patient in a _________ position.
A)left lateral
B)right lateral
C)prone
D)supine
Q3) Computed tomography is better than ultrasonography in determining intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts in jaundiced patients.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Computed tomography is the primary method for pelvic assessment.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Pediatric Computed Tomography
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Q1) Modification of dose parameters is the most straightforward and important method to reduce dose.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following are infections where computed tomography is used in children except:
A)appendicitis
B)diverticulitis
C)pneumonia
D)pyelonephritis
Q3) The dose of contrast material for children is:
A)2-3 ml/kg
B)3-4 ml/kg
C)4-5 ml/kg
D)5-6 ml/kg
Q4) Computed tomography remains the primary screening modality for the abdomen and pelvis in pediatric patients.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 20: Quality Control for Computed Tomography
Scanners
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Q1) A measurement of a computed tomography scanner's performance to ensure the scanner is operating at an acceptable level describes:
A)quality administration
B)quality assurance
C)quality control
D)quality maintenance
Q2) All quality control tests should be conducted on a monthly basis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) All of the following are possible causes of failure for the standard deviation of the computed tomography number except:
A)electronic noise from amplifiers
B)decreased dose
C)electronic noise from the analog-to-digital converters
D)miscalibration of the algorithm
Q4) Quality control tests that are effective must be objective, quantitative, and easy and can be done very quickly.
A)True
B)False
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