Comparative World History Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Comparative World History explores the patterns, themes, and interactions that have shaped human societies across different regions and time periods. The course examines major civilizations, empires, and cultures through comparative analysis, highlighting similarities and differences in political systems, economic structures, social hierarchies, religious beliefs, and cultural achievements. By investigating cross-cultural encounters, exchanges, and conflicts, students gain a deeper understanding of global processes such as migration, trade, colonization, and technological innovation. The course encourages critical thinking about historical narratives and the forces that have influenced the development of the modern world.
Recommended Textbook
World History 8th Edition by William J. Duiker
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Chapter 1: Early Humans and the First Civilizations
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Q1) The Persian Empire
A)remained strongly committed to its unique monotheistic beliefs for over two millennia.
B)absorbed almost all of its cultural and administrative policies from Assyrian practices.
C)ended the "Babylonian Captivity" of the Jews during the reign of Cyrus the Great.
D)suffered from administrative corruption, and collapsed after the death of Cyrus.
E)was very intolerant of the ideas and practices of the peoples it conquered.
Answer: C
Q2) The Indo-Europeans
A)fought long and exhausting wars against the Hittites.
B)originally lived in the western section of the Sahara.
C)spoke related languages, among which are Sanskrit, Persian, and Greek.
D)were the descendants of the Mongols and Turks.
E)never penetrated Europe or India.
Answer: C
Q3) "Sea Peoples"
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Chapter 2: Ancient India
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Q1) Which of the following was the most significant factor of Chandragupta Maurya's reign?
A)His alliance with Alexander the Great
B)His adoption of Buddhism
C)His centralization of the first unified empire in India
D)His production of sacred texts including the Upanishads
E)His engagement in long-distance trade with the Roman Empire.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following correctly describes Harappan civilization?
A)It showed no similarity to the civilizations of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia.
B)Its culture never attained the status of a true civilization.
C)It was much more agricultural than its contemporaries in Egypt and Mesopotamia.
D)It was a collection of over fifteen hundred towns and cities, ruled by landlords and rich merchants.
E)It never developed an urban center of over 3,000 people.
Answer: D
Q3) Aryans
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Chapter 3: China in Antiquity
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Q1) Confucius
A)was a cousin of Siddhartha Gautama.
B)was deified by the Chinese government within five years after his death.
C)assumed that all humans had their own Dao.
D)was a Qin emperor.
E)followed a Legalist philosophy.
Answer: C
Q2) A primary factor that contributed to the significant role of the family in Chinese life was the
A)female-dominated nature of ancient life.
B)labor-intensive demands of crop cultivation.
C)merit-based structure of Chinese government.
D)highly centralized organization of Qin government.
E)density of the population in the Yangtze valley.
Answer: B
Q3) Chinese political philosophy justifies overthrowing a ruler if he has lost the Mandate of Heaven.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: The Civilization of the Greeks
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Q1) The individual generally credited with transforming Sparta into a military state was Lycurgus.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The earliest Aegean civilization was located A)in the Peloponnesus.
B)on the island of Delos.
C)in Attica.
D)on Crete.
E)in Macedonia.
Q3) The Olympic games were held to honor A)Delphia.
B)Zeus.
C)Athena.
D)Apollo.
E)Aphrodite.
Q4) Aeschylus' Oresteia
Q5) Peloponnesus
Q6) the Parthenon
Q7) tyrants
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Q1) The Pax Romana was among the chief benefits of Roman rule during the first and second centuries C.E.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Punic Wars and Hannibal
Q3) Why were efforts such as those of the Gracchus brothers, Marius, and Julius Caesar unable to save the Roman Republic?
Q4) Livy
Q5) Cao Cao and The Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Q6) Byzantium/Constantinople
Q7) Roman construction was most notable for A)pyramids.
B)a centralized road system to link the empire
C)latifundia
D)skyscrapers.
E)underwater harbors.
Page 7
Q8) Discuss the impact of geography upon the development of Roman civilization.
Q9) paterfamilias
Q11) "The Romans had a genius for solving problems." Discuss, with examples.
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Chapter 6: The Americas
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Q1) chinampas
Q2) Aztec society
A)focused its religious interest on "the holy one," Huitzilopochtli, the only god in the monotheistic Aztec system of religious belief.
B)did not possess a writing system as such, although it developed hieroglyphs.
C)dedicated the sacred precinct in central Tenochtitlán to the rain god, Shiva, and to Huitzilopochtli.
D)did not sharply delineate gender roles.
E)was egalitarian in theory but hierarchical in practice.
Q3) Zapotec
Q4) rubber
Q5) Amerindians
Q6) The Olmec peoples
A)did not do any stone carving, preferring to work in copper and ivory.
B)spoke the Quechuan language.
C)developed their capital at the mountain fortress of Cuzco.
D)developed a system of hieroglyphics.
E)replaced the Maya in Mesoamerica.
Q7) Mesoamerica
Q8) Caral
Page 9
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Chapter 7: Ferment in the Middle East: the Rise of Islam
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Q1) Which of the following was not an achievement of Muslim science?
A)the development of the Upanishads
B)astronomical studies in Baghdad
C)knowledge of the nature of contagion and contamination
D)the development of medicine as a separate field of scientific study
E)new developments in optics and chemistry
Q2) imam
Q3) The Seljuk Turks were initially incorporated into the Abbasid caliphate as A)mercenary soldiers
B)buffer zone against the Xiongnu Confederation.
C)traders from China and the Steppes.
D)Sikhist adversaries.
E)converted Christians who did not want to pay the religious tax.
Q4) Almoravids and the battle of Badajoz
Q5) Consider the relative contributions of Arab, Turk, and Persian cultures to Islamic literature, art, and architecture.
Q6) Ramadan
Q7) caliph/khalifa
Q8) Yathrib/Medina
Q9) Reconquista
Page 10
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Chapter 8: Early Civilizations in Africa
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Q1) The first Arabic settlement in Africa was in
A)Egypt
B)Axum
C)Tunisia
D)Morocco
E)Ghana
Q2) Which of the following statements accurately depicts the nature of the African lineage group?
A)It was similar in many respects to the clan in China and the caste system in India.
B)Outsiders were never permitted to join it.
C)It maintained the same limits of social class that the Maya had developed.
D)It was similar to the nuclear family.
E)It was disappeared with the coming of Islam.
Q3) Kilwa
Q4) Karl Mauch/19th century Europeans
Q5) What are the several possible reasons that might explain Islam's success in Africa prior to 1500 C.E.? What do the career and accomplishments of Mansa Musa reveal about African society during the fourteenth century C.E.?
Q6) Nyame
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Chapter 9: The Expansion of Civilization in South and Southeast Asia
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Q1) How did the geographic features of Southeast Asia influence the developmental possibilities, and the subsequent evolution, of its two basic regions?
Q2) Two major trading states on the Southeast Asian archipelago were
A)Chosen and Payoni.
B)Srivijaya and Majapahit.
C)Cola and Hainan.
D)Colombo and Mombai.
E)Pyongyang and Bangkok.
Q3) What caused the end of the Kushan kingdom?
A)Regional factionalism over religious conflicts.
B)Invasion from Afghanistan.
C)Environmental factors diverted the Silk Road and trade declined.
D)Overpopulation and famine.
E)Unknown.
Q4) Parsis
Q5) Hinayana
Q6) Easter Island
Page 13
Q7) Why did Buddhism decline in India while Hinduism remained so prevalent?
Q8) Pataliputra
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Chapter 10: The Flowering of Traditional China
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Q1) The most effective expression of literature from the Tang to the Ming dynasties was in the form of
A)technical books of instruction for artisans and peasants.
B)general prose.
C)historical narratives.
D)poetry.
E)encyclopedic gazettes.
Q2) In the eighth century, the Uighur kingdom adopted Zoroastrianism. A)True
B)False
Q3) "Although of short duration, the Sui dynasty was one of China's most significant." Discuss.
Q4) Discuss the possible reasons why China abandoned its seemingly successful naval accomplishments after the death of the emperor Yongle in 1424. Which do you believe to be most convincing, and why?
Q5) Ming Dynasty
Q6) Xuanzong and Yan Guifei
Q7) Song dynasty
Q8) "younger brothers" and the tribute system
Page 15
Q9) blast furnace and steel, gunpowder, paper currency, and the abacus
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Chapter 11: The East Asian Rimlands: Early Japan, Korea, and Vietnam
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Q1) How was the Japanese aristocracy able to suppress the centralization of the Japanese government? How does this contrast with the governmental system of China? What were the advantages and disadvantages of Japan having a governmental system in which the emperor reigns and the shogun rules?
Q2) The government under the rule of the shogun was known as the bakufu, or "tent government."
A)True
B)False
Q3) Nihon Shoki
Q4) In medieval Japan, women
A)were totally subservient to men.
B)dominated the culture of the society.
C)had varying status, enjoying relative equality as well as suffering discrimination.
D)had a much worse position than those of China.
E)occasionally served as the shogun.
Q5) Fujiwara clan
Q6) kami
Page 17
Q7) Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku
Q8) Ashikaga era
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Chapter 12: The Making of Europe
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Q1) The Holy Office, or Inquisition, was the court established by the church to uncover heresy and punish religious heretics.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In what ways did the Church fill the political void left in the wake of the fall of the Western Roman Empire? What attributes of the Church facilitated its assumption of this role? How did an evolving organizational structure, the fear of heretical divisiveness, and monasticism interact to shape the Christian church in Europe between 500 and 1000?
Q3) Frederick I and Frederick 2 and Italy
Q4) Which of the following was not characteristic of Romanesque architecture?
A)barrel vaults
B)flying buttresses
C)massive pillars and walls
D)dark on the inside
E)gave the impression of a fortress
Q5) Abbot Suger and the abbey of Saint-Denis
Q6) fiefs
Q7) communes
Q8) the ordeal
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Chapter 13: The Byzantine Empire and Crisis and Recovery
in the West
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Q1) As "the father of Italian Renaissance humanism," Petrarch embraced all of the following EXCEPT:
A)writing in Greek.
B)seeking out ancient Latin manuscripts.
C)using the works of Cicero as a model.
D)discovering forgotten manuscripts in monasteries.
E)emulating Virgil for poetry.
Q2) Rome was the largest city in Europe in the Middle Ages.
A)True
B)False
Q3) As anti-Semitism spread through Europe in response to the plague, many Jews fled to
A)Constantinople.
B)Spain.
C)Poland.
D)Jerusalem
E)Persia.
Q4) Ivan 2I
Q5) Crecy and Agincourt
Q6) Renaissance Page 20
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Chapter 14: New Encounters: the Creation of a World Market
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Q1) Hernán Cortés
Q2) Western historians customarily regard this as the crucial point in opening the trade routes to the East.
A)the travels of Marco Polo
B)the voyages of Vasco de Gama
C)the discovery of the New World by Columbus
D)Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe
E)Prince Henry, the Navigator's establishment of a school for navigators
Q3) In Spain's New World Empire,
A)Spanish colonials, following the lead of Bartolomé de Las Casas, were much less harsh toward the American natives than the Spanish government urged them to be.
B)the encomienda policies insured only a 2 percent profit per year to each Spanish investor.
C)the number of natives on the island of Hispaniola was increased from 300 to 100,000 between 1493 and 1570.
D)the king was determined to convert the indigenous peoples to Christianity.
E)the native Americans eagerly and consistently embraced Spanish colonial policies.
Q4) the Gold Coast
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Chapter 15: Europe Transformed: Reform and State Building
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Q1) Peter the Great's attempts to modernize Russia included all of the following EXCEPT
A)building a European-style navy.
B)reorganizing the Russian army.
C)importing European technical advisors.
D)building a new capital on the Black Sea.
E)obtaining a warm-water port by going to war with Sweden.
Q2) Luther's reforms included all of the following except A)clerical celibacy.
B)a national church in Germany.
C)new religious services, including Bible reading and preaching.
D)a married Protestant clergy.
E)salvation by faith.
Q3) William Shakespeare
Q4) the Puritans, Oliver Cromwell, and the New Model Army
Q5) The Edict of Nantes recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France, but granted Huguenots rights as well.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Christian/northern Renaissance humanism
Page 23
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Chapter 16: The Muslim Empires
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Q1) How did English trade overcome other European competition? Is it important that the British focused on India, rather than other areas?
Q2) caliph
Q3) Golden Horn
Q4) All of the following were true about the reign of Shah Jahan except that
A)he was able to expand the Mughal domain.
B)he put economic strains on his people with programs of conquest and construction enterprises.
C)famine and drought did not plague India during his rule.
D)he built the Red Fort in Delhi.
E)the expense of building the Taj Mahal required him to increase agricultural taxes.
Q5) Which of the following is a true statement about Safavid culture?
A)Riza-i-Abbasi was its most celebrated artist.
B)Its literature was its greatest artistic achievement.
C)The ascent of Persian poetry gave rise to the greatness of Safavid poetry.
D)The great array of Safavid poets who went to India to write for the Mughal rulers attests to the greatness of the poets of this era.
E)It declined sharply during the reign of Shah Abbas I.
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Chapter 17: The East Asian World
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Q1) The economic crisis in the late sixteenth century was primarily due to
A)collapse of the trading infrastructure within China.
B)attacks from subordinate territories in Vietnam.
C)Spanish piracy against Dutch shipping and trade.
D)interruption of the silver imports from the Americas.
E)a devastating plague that killed off nearly one-third of the taxpaying population.
Q2) White Lotus Rebellion
Q3) the "Forbidden City"
Q4) Why was capitalism seemingly more successful in Japan than in China in the early modern era?
Q5) Chinese women had a higher status than women in other East Asian and Southeast Asian societies because of the heritage of Confucius.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Manchus/Jurchen
Q7) How were the rights and roles of women in Ming and Qing China similar or comparative to Tokugawa Japan?
Q8) eta
25
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Chapter 18: The West on the Eve of a New World Order
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Q1) Why did Europe become the engine for rapid global change in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries rather than China or some other non-Western society? What colonies did the British and French establish in the Americas, and how did their methods of administering their colonies differ?
Q2) Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws
Q3) Is the argument for a global economy in the eighteenth century valid? Why/not? What role do commodities such as sugar and textiles play in creating a "consumer revolution," and who does this effect?
Q4) The most important product of European industry in the eighteenth century was A)spices.
B)steel.
C)coal.
D)textiles.
E)oil.
Q5) Robert Clive
Q6) In your opinion, was the American Revolution or the French Revolution most "revolutionary"? Why? Be specific.
Q7) Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindication of the Rights of Woman
Q8) enlightened despotism
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Chapter 19: The Beginnings of Modernization:
Industrialization and Nationalism in the Nineteenth Century
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Q1) steel, electricity, the internal combustion engine
Q2) The goal of early utopian socialists was (to)
A)overthrow the monopolization of private property.
B)assert equality for all by eliminating social classes.
C)replace competition for cooperation within industry.
D)create equal opportunities for all workers to maintain a basic standard of living.
E)require the state to provide or subsidize basic necessities.
Q3) France's Third Republic
Q4) Which of the following was not a result of the brief 1866 war between Austria and Prussia?
A)A Russian and Austrian defensive alliance defeated the French and British in the Balkans.
B)Austria was no longer a major participant in German affairs.
C)Bismarck organized the north German states in the North German Confederation.
D)The south German states signed military agreements with Prussia.
E)The development of unified German strength began to worry the French.
Q5) "In 1848, Italy was made a nation, but it did not make Italians." Discuss the implications of the quotation.
Q6) Ottoman Empire
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Chapter 20: The Americas and Society and Culture in the West
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Q1) The Women's Social and Political Union was a radical suffragette organization in England in the earth twentieth century.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Simón Bolívar freed southern South America from Spanish rule and became dictator of Chile.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Wilfred Laurier
A)was unsuccessful in developing Canadian industrialization.
B)smoothed relations between Canada's English- and French-speaking populations.
C)developed policies that discouraged European immigration into Canada.
D)was unable to bring a solution to the problem of French language education in Canada.
E)advocated independence for the Cree and Inuit peoples.
Q4) Was mass education or mass leisure of greater importance to European societies between the 1880s and 1914? Show how each affected its beneficiaries, and the general population.
Q5) Gothic literature
Q6) Modernism Page 28
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Chapter 21: The High Tide of Imperialism
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Q1) What types of administrative systems did the various colonial powers establish in their colonies, and how did these systems reflect the general philosophy of colonialism? How, and why, did the policies of European imperialists in West Africa and Southeast Asia differ? To what degree did economic motives explain these differences, and why?
Q2) Boers/Afrikaners
Q3) the "raj"
Q4) Thomas Babington Macaulay
Q5) Muhammad Ali
Q6) Compare and contrast eighteenth-century colonialism with late nineteenth-century imperialism. What are the differences, if any, and why?
Q7) Alarmed at heightened European presence in Africa and exploitation of labor, some Africans began to call for what means to defend further encroachment?
A)Formation of nation-states along a Western model
B)Armed insurrectoin and expulsion.
C)Economic boycott and passive resistance.
D)Unionization of workers.
E)Conversion to Communism.
Q8) "might makes right"
Page 30
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Chapter 22: Shadows Over the Pacific: East Asia Under Challenge
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Q1) The policy for the self-strengthening movement in China was
A)"Expel the foreign devils"
B)"Bread, Peace and Land"
C)"East for Essence, West for Practical Use."
D)"Confucian principals for Chinese strength"
E)"Dare to know"
Q2) Treaty of Tianjin
Q3) A new round of Western territorial demands in China was sparked by the successful 1897 German acquisition of much of the A)island of Sri Lanka.
B)Shandong Peninsula.
C)Liaodong Peninsula.
D)Korean Peninsula.
E)Weihaiwei Peninsula.
Q4) the Macartney and Amherst missions
Q5) Japanese gardens and woodblock prints
Q6) Edo/Tokyo
Q7) Qianlong
Q8) Puyi Page 31
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Chapter 23: The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis:
War and Revolution
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Q1) the Battles of Tannenberg and Masurian Lakes
Q2) the League of Nations and mandates
Q3) Woodrow Wilson
Q4) The significant disadvantage of Germany's Zeppelins was
A)they were so big and light that they were easy to deflect off course.
B)they were extremely flammable when hit with anti-aircraft guns.
C)loading them with heavy armements limited their range.
D)they were extremely reflective and a natural draw for enemy fire.
E)lack of significant airspeed.
Q5) By 1917, the progress of World War I had
A)forced the Germans into waging unrestricted submarine warfare against Great Britain.
B)enveloped every nation of the world in warfare.
C)resulted in the German capture of several British and French colonies.
D)produced a German attack on United States seaports.
E)led to a communist revolution in Germany.
Q6) "total war"
Q7) Great Depression
Q8) Archduke Francis Ferdinand
Q9) Treaty of Versailles Page 33
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Chapter
24: Nationalism, Revolution, and
the Middle East, and Latin America From 1919 to 1939
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Q1) Argentina's Juan Perón and Brazil's GetúlioVargas
Q2) Young Turks
Q3) According to the Comparative Essay on page 713, "Out of the Dollhouse," the women's rights movement began in the Western nations and more gradually spread to the colonial areas. Why do you think this is, taking into consideration religious, social, and economic structures? Why would this disenfranchisement not have served as a means for unifying nationalism in the colonial areas?
Q4) Iran's 1906 Constitution
Q5) The two goals that anti-imperialist nationalists were forced to choose between were
A)ethnic purity or assimilation.
B)religion or philosophy.
C)urban or rural lifestyles.
D)gender or political equality.
E)modernization or independence.
Q6) Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi
Q7) Aramco
Q8) the Amritsar massacre
Q9) Mexico's Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) Page 35
Q10) Mao Zedong and the CCP
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Chapter 25: The Crisis Deepens: World War 2
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Q1) In the attempt to avoid a two-front war, in 1939, Hitler signed a non-aggression pact with Stalin limited to
A)the Baltics
B)Scandanavia
C)Poland
D)Romania
E)Bulgaria
Q2) Which of the following was not true about Mussolini's Fascist rule in Italy?
A)It gave him total control over all aspects of Italian life.
B)It never achieved the totality of power, in repression and media control that the dictatorships in Germany and the Soviet Union did.
C)It tried to involve all Italian youth in a program of indoctrination, but achieved only limited success in that area.
D)It maintained a program of traditional values in regard to women, and mutual acceptance and coexistence with the Catholic Church.
E)It was strongly supported by business and large landlord groups.
Q3) Why did Japan ultimately fail in its campaign of "Asia for the Asians"?
Q4) the Aryan racial state
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Chapter 26: East and West in the Grip of the Cold War
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Q1) The program of perestroika was intended to allow more transparency into how the Soviet government worked.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explore the role that the Cuban Missile Crisis played in bringing social criticism to the political policies of the Cold War. To what extent did films like "Dr. Strangelove" (p. 778) invoke public participation in the Cold War debates?
Q3) Non-aligned Movement
Q4) the Strategic Defense Initiative/"Star Wars"
Q5) What role did Germany in general, and Berlin in particular, play in the evolution of the Cold War? Include in the discussion historical, ideological, and geographical factors.
Q6) The first threat of a United States-Soviet Union confrontation after World War 2 took place in the Middle East over a possible Soviet threat to take over Iran's northern territories.
A)True
B)False
Q7) People's Liberation Army (PLA) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
Q8) Berlin Wall
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Chapter 27: Brave New World: Communism on Trial
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chernobyl was the Russian word for "openness."
A)True
B)False
Q2) Ai Weiwei
Q3) Confucianism and the CCP
Q4) In May, 1989, the Chinese Communist rulers suppressed the "fifth modernization" by their action at
A)Hong Kong.
B)the Forbidden City.
C)Shanghai.
D)Tiananmen Square.
E)Democracy Wall.
Q5) the missing "fifth modernization"
Q6) Mikhail Gorbachev
Q7) The Great Leap Forward resulted in the deaths of perhaps fifteen million people because of starvation.
A)True
B)False
Q8) Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
Q9) Andrei Sakharov
Page 39
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Chapter 28: Europe and the Western Hemisphere Since 1945
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Sample Questions
Q1) The only Republican president of the United States between 1932 and 1968 was
A)Richard Nixon
B)Lyndon Johnson
C)Eugene McCarthy
D)Dwight D.Eisenhower
E)Harry S.Truman
Q2) Who were the Sandinistas?
A)anti-imperialist rebels in Columbia.
B)successors to the independence group Tupac Amaru in Mexico.
C)Marxist guerilla forces against the Somosa regime in Nicaragua.
D)radical Jesuit forces in Argentina fighting against the Dirty War.
E)striking copper miners in Venezuela who initiated a government shutdown after the spread of popular demonstrations.
Q3) Because of the feminist movement, by the 1960s, working-class women were making salaries equal to those of men performing equivalent work.
A)True
B)False
Q4) 1972 Munich Olympic Games, the Irish Republican Army, Pan Am flight 103, Lockerbie, Scotland
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Chapter 29: Challenges of Nation Building in Africa and the Middle East
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Q1) "Islamic fundamentalism is the defining movement in the present Middle East and will remain so into the foreseeable future." Discuss, pro and con.
Q2) Adherents to western style Capitalism among the new leaders of Africa included:
A)Patrice Lumumbu
B)Kwame Nkrumah
C)Sekou Toure
D)Jomo Kenyatta
E)Julius Nyerere
Q3) The hopes for a lasting Middle East peace after Camp David were never realized, in part because of
A)the 1981 assassination of Sadat by Jewish militants.
B)the refusal of many non-Islamic states to recognize Israel's right to exist.
C)Israeli's policy of establishing Jewish settlements in the occupied West Bank territories.
D)Ronald Reagan's election as the United States president.
E)the death of King Faisal.
Q4) "neocolonialism"
Q5) Operation Desert Storm
Q6) apartheid
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Chapter 30: Toward the Pacific Century
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Q1) In the formation of the two regions of Pakistan in 1947, the Western Punjab region is made up of marshy deltas from the Ganges.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Congress Party
Q3) His Sikh bodyguards assassinated Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in 1984.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Hyderabad and Kashmir
Q5) the Pacific Century?
Q6) Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists
Q7) All of the following were measures of Singapore's success as a "little tiger" EXCEPT
A)shipbuilding
B)oil refineries
C)tourism
D)electronics
E)aerospace
Q8) Indonesia's Sukarno and "guided democracy"
Q9) Petronas Towers
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