Comparative Programming Languages Test
Bank
Course Introduction
This course explores the fundamental concepts and paradigms underlying a variety of programming languages, emphasizing their comparative features and trade-offs. Students will study languages representing procedural, object-oriented, functional, logic, and concurrent models, examining differences in syntax, semantics, data types, control structures, and execution environments. Through hands-on programming assignments and critical analysis, learners will develop an understanding of how language design influences program development, performance, and maintainability, equipping them to make informed choices when selecting or learning programming languages for diverse computational problems.
Recommended Textbook
Programming Languages Principles and Practices 3rd Edition by Kenneth C. Louden
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13 Chapters
651 Verified Questions
651 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term ____ refers to a programming language mechanism that replaces a complex notation with a simpler notation.
A) shorthand
B) syntactic sugar
C) semantic sugar
D) API
Answer: B
Q2) A variable in a programming language is considered to be a ____.
A) basic data abstraction
B) basic control abstraction
C) structured data abstraction
D) structured control abstraction
Answer: A
Q3) ____ abstractions support information hiding.
A) Basic data
B) Structured data
C) Unit data
D) Structured control
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Language Design Criteria
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Sample Questions
Q1) A language achieves ____ by avoiding special cases in the use of constructs.
A) orthogonality
B) efficiency
C) generality
D) uniformity
Answer: C
Q2) C++ does not have a formal language definition.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) C++ is an open source language that has never had a commercial release.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Macros can be used to improve the readability of a language.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Functional Programming
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Sample Questions
Q1) Given a list L in Scheme with contents of (3 7 2 8).What will be returned if the command (cdr L)is executed?
A) (8)
B) (3)
C) (2 8)
D) (7 2 8)
Answer: D
Q2) The ML programming language has a built-in list reverse function called rev.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) Lists that obey lazy evaluation are called serialized lists.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The simplest unit of syntax in Scheme is called an atom.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Logic Programming
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Prolog,you can specify the head and tail of a list using a backslash.
A)True
B)False
Q2) To force evaluation of an arithmetic term in Prolog,you must use the built-in predicate ____.
A) force
B) evaluate
C) equals
D) is
Q3) The semantics of programming language constructs is called ____.
A) logic statements
B) axiomatic semantics
C) syntax
D) specifications
Q4) Nonmonotonic reasoning is that adding information to a system can ____.
A) decrease the complexity
B) alter the previous information
C) change the order of execution
D) reduce the number of things that can be proved
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Chapter 5: Object-Oriented Programming
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Sample Questions
Q1) A function is considered to be ____ if a compiler may replace the function call by the actual code for the function.
A) inline
B) substitutable
C) redirectable
D) virtual
Q2) In C++,instance variables and methods are both called descriptors.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ____ is the use of the same names for messages requesting similar services from different classes.
A) Polymorphism
B) Overshadowing
C) Distinction
D) Generalization
Q4) In Java,scalar data types are also called ____ types.
A) primitive
B) simple
C) quantitative
D) flexible
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Syntax
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shift-reduce parsers shift tokens onto a stack before reducing strings to nonterminals.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is not considered to be a token category?
A) reserved word
B) identifier
C) literal
D) white space
Q3) Predictive parsing allows tokens that begin optional parts of the syntax to also appear after the optional part.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ____ are symbols used to distinguish between parts of a rule.
A) Distinguishers
B) Identifiers
C) Metasymbols
D) Abstract characters
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Basic Semantics
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____ declarations are associated with a specific block.
A) Global
B) Specific
C) Local
D) General
Q2) The scope of a binding is ____.
A) the region over which the binding is maintained
B) the precision of the binding
C) the time when the binding takes place
D) the magnitude of the binding
Q3) Names can be bound to attributes prior to translation time,as in the case of predefined identifiers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Declaration visibility includes only those regions of a program where the bindings of the declaration apply.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Data Types
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Sample Questions
Q1) Enumerated types are never ordered.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Ada has a completely safe union mechanism,called a variant record.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following languages has no explicit types or translation-time typing?
A) Ada
B) Java
C) C++
D) Scheme
Q4) All data types must be named.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A reference is the address of an object under control of the system,which cannot be used as a value or operated on in any way.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Control I - Expressions and Statements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evaluating all operands before applying operators is called ____ evaluation.
A) normal order
B) applicative order
C) delayed
D) short-circuit
Q2) Sequence operators are used to ____.
A) define a set of variables to declare
B) eliminate side effects
C) allow several expressions to be combined into a single expression and evaluated sequentially
D) specify the execution order of code blocks
Q3) ____ code is code for a function body that is inserted directly at the point where the function would be called.
A) Substitution
B) Control
C) Inline
D) Parameterized
Q4) Bracketing keywords are used in the if statement to remove ambiguity.
A)True
B)False
11
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Chapter 10: Control II - Procedures and Environments
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Sample Questions
Q1) A call to a procedure transfers control to the beginning of the body of the called procedure.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ____ occurs when multiple access links must be followed to arrive at a nonlocal variable.
A) Access chaining
B) Lexical chaining
C) Environmental linking
D) Global linking
Q3) The pointer to the previous activation record is the ____ link.
A) reverse
B) history
C) control
D) return
Q4) An activation record is a stored log recording each time a procedure or function is activated.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 11: Abstract Data Types and Modules
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parameterized packages are called ____ packages in Ada.
A) flexible
B) signature
C) generic
D) incomplete
Q2) In ML,a signature is essentially the type of the ____.
A) class
B) package
C) structure
D) function
Q3) ____ is the separation of implementation details from definitions.
A) Encapsulation
B) Information hiding
C) Type checking
D) Obfuscation
Q4) Axiom ____ is the property that no axiom is implied by other axioms.
A) distinction
B) separation
C) specification
D) independence
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Chapter 12: Formal Semantics
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Sample Questions
Q1) A least-fixed-point solution is a solution that has been made as flexible as possible.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Law of ____ states that nothing a programming construct can do will make false into true.
A) Monotonicity
B) Conjunction
C) Disjunction
D) the Excluded Miracle
Q3) Semantic domains are the sets in which semantic functions take their values.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The ____ is an abstract machine whose control operates directly on a program to reduce it to its semantic value.
A) definitional compiler
B) abstract evaluator
C) reduction machine
D) elimination semantics
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Chapter 13: Parallel Programming
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Sample Questions
Q1) Another name for the bounded buffer problem is the producer-consumer problem.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Distributed-memory systems can still be shared-memory systems.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ____ parallelism provides fine-grained control.
A) Program-level
B) Procedure-level
C) Function-level
D) Statement-level
Q4) Distributed-memory systems suffer from ____ problems.
A) synchronization
B) communication
C) interrupt
D) locking
Q5) Parallel programming is sometimes referred to as concurrent programming.
A)True
B)False
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