Comparative Politics
Final Exam
Course Introduction
Comparative Politics examines the political systems, institutions, and processes of different countries to understand how they operate and why they differ. This course investigates themes such as governance, democratization, political culture, public policy, and the impact of social and economic factors on political life. By analyzing case studies from various regions, students develop the methodological tools to compare political phenomena and gain insights into the forces shaping political outcomes globally.
Recommended Textbook
Introducing Comparative Politics Concepts and Cases in Context 3rd Edition by Stephen Orvis
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12 Chapters
883 Verified Questions
883 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The difference between empirical theory and normative theory is that
A)Empirical theory describes what actually occurs; Normative theory describes what ought to occur.
B)Normative theory describes what actually occurs; Empirical theory describes what ought to occur.
C)Empirical theory is an abstract argument that provides a systematic explanation of some phenomena; Normative theory generates lessons from one place to apply in another.
D)Normative theory is an abstract argument that provides a systematic explanation of some phenomena; Empirical theory generates lessons from one place to apply in another.
Answer: A
Q2) Quantitative methods are used in comparative politics in order to allow
A)applicability to most questions and data
B)proving causation
C)the study of a large number of cases
D)obtaining in-depth information for individual cases
Answer: C
Q3) Provide a working definition of the concept "patriarchy".
Answer: "rule by men"
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Chapter 2: The Modern State
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Sample Questions
Q1) Brazil differed from Spanish colonies in South America in that it
A)used slave labor for its agricultural production
B)gained independence as a single country
C)did not have a royal family
D)had a thriving indigenous population
Answer: B
Q2) The idea that the state is the sole authority within its territory that can make and enforce laws is best called
A)internal sovereignty
B)external sovereignty
C)state strength
D)legitimacy
Answer: A
Q3) The Articles of Confederation failed mainly because
A)They lacked legitimacy.
B)They provided inadequate sovereignty.
C)They failed to provide adequate political goods.
D)They failed to settle the problem of slavery between the North and the South.
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: States, Citizens, and Regimes
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Sample Questions
Q1) ______ is a variant of liberal democracy in which great importance is given to social rights through the existence of generous social programs.
Answer: social democracy
Q2) What is the core principle behind social contract theory??
A)Free and equal individuals must give their consent to be governed.
B)Government was created in order to free the primal nature of man.
C)The general will of the individual should take precedent over the general will of the governed.
D)In the state of nature man is content.
Answer: A
Q3) In Islamist doctrine, shura refers to
A)consultation with the people
B)rule by Islamic law
C)popular sovereignty
D)military dictatorship
Answer: A
Q4) ______ is the rule by religious authorities.
Answer: theocracy
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Chapter 4: States and Identity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast the ideas of "cultural nationalism" and "civic nationalism." Illustrate your answers with concrete examples.
Q2) The main goal of liberal feminists is
A)altering who is considered a citizen
B)changing the political system
C)gaining equal rights with men
D)demanding economic justice for women
Q3) Multicultural integration and assimilation differ in the fact that
A)Multicultural integration involves the elimination of distinct cultures.
B)Assimilation allows for the creation of a unique subculture within a larger culture.
C)Multicultural integration preserves the cultural differences among groups.
D)Assimilation allows individuals of different backgrounds to feel at home in their own institutions.
Q4) Nationalist groups seek self-rule and control of the state, not merely autonomy within an existing state.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the basic difference between the concepts of race and ethnicity?
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Chapter 5: Governing Institutions in Democracies
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Sample Questions
Q1) The central government has sole constitutional sovereignty and power in ________ systems.
A)federal
B)unitary
C)authoritarian
D)code law
Q2) When all the territorial units in a federal system have the same relationship to the national government it is called
A)an independent federal system
B)an asymmetrical federal system
C)a partial federal system
D)a symmetrical federal system
Q3) In what two ways did the New Public Management movement seek to alter bureaucracy?
Q4) When the president and the prime minister are from different parties, the French call it
A)gridlock
B)cohabitation
C)jus sanguinis
D)laicite
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Chapter 6: Institutions of Participation and Representation in Democracies
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Sample Questions
Q1) An electoral threshold in a proportional representation system refers to the percent of the
A)vote a party thinks it will be able to win
B)population that must turn out to vote for the election to be valid
C)vote a party must receive to gain representation in parliament
D)candidates that must be represented by different parties
Q2) Corporatism mandated by the state is known as neo-corporatism.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Interest groups are an example of
A)collective action problems
B)parastatals
C)civil society
D)social movements
Q4) Which of the following is an SMD system?
A)closed-list PR
B)SNTV
C)open-list PR
D)FPTP
Q5) Provide two characteristics of an interest group?
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Chapter 7: Contentious Politics: Social Movements, Political
Violence, and Revolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Which of the following can be considered a form of contentious politics
A)social movements and protests
B)ethnic conflict
C)terrorism and civil war
D)revolution
Q2) In which types of system are parties more likely to champion a social movement's demands?
A)consensual democracies with multiple-party systems
B)majoritarian democracies
C)electoral authoritarianisms with multiple political parties
D)electoral authoritarian regimes with a strong underground movement
Q3) Social movements differ from interest groups in that they
A)are more institutionalized
B)tend not to have officially recognized leaders
C)do not produce the same level of change
D)produce the same level of change
Q4) The Occupy movement was inspired partly by the Arab Spring.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Authoritarian Institutions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Iran's regime type is best described as
A)democracy
B)modernizing authoritarian
C)theocracy
D)one party
Q2) The importance of the supreme leader and his de facto life term leaves Iran with one of the classic problems of authoritarian rule: ______.
A)accountability
B)electability
C)succession
D)progression
Q3) Iran has a theocratic version of a
A)presidential system
B)parliamentary system
C)semipresidential system
D)monarchy
Q4) What is the function of formal institutions in authoritarian states?
Q5) List a few characteristics of a totalitarian regime.
Q6) Describe how a supreme leader differs from a personality cult.
Q7) Describe the role of the judiciary in authoritarian regimes.
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Chapter 9: Regime Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe one case of democratization.Remember to describe in detail the transition, consolidation, quality of the new regime, and freedom status of the country.
Q2) A coup carried out primarily in the interest of the military as an institution is likely to A)result in a shift of governmental resources toward military spending
B)result in a transition to democracy
C)result in a more personalist regime
D)result in a relative stable and legitimate regime
Q3) Skocpol argued that all major revolutions that were caused by the weakness of the ancient regime ultimately led to
A)weaker states
B)industrialized states
C)stronger states
D)democratic states
Q4) Does Mexico suggest that modernization theory or the "transition paradigm" is correct in terms of where and when democratization is likely to occur? Why or why not?
Q5) List one way in which the Brazilian military coup differs from the Nigerian military coup.
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Chapter 10: Political Economy of Wealth
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Sample Questions
Q1) List at least two policy examples advocated by Keynesian economists.
Q2) Economic reform in Japan has been complicated by A)Japanese companies moving production abroad
B)low levels of individual savings
C)a weak bureaucracy
D)demographic imbalance
Q3) The social market economy in Germany
A)has long been a bone of contention internationally
B)was put in place in the 1980s
C)gives an important role to unions and religious organizations
D)is based on state ownership of business
Q4) The term "convergence" helps explain how different kinds of institutions in different economies are complementary.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Provide two examples of a coordinated market economy.
Q6) The United Kingdom leaving the European Union is known in common terms as "Brexit."
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Political Economy of Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Under what type of regimes have economic reforms in Africa been implemented?
Q2) Mexico shifted from ISI to ______ policies in the 1980s.
A)neoliberal
B)neo-Keynesian
C)SAP
D)Developmental State
Q3) SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.Which of the following concepts are key aspects of globalization?
A)trade
B)foreign direct investment
C)current exchange market
D)international capital flows
Q4) The economic assumption of modernization theory holds that A)poor countries would not follow the same process to achieve wealth that the West had in an earlier era
B)poor countries would largely go through the same process to achieve wealth that the West had in an earlier era
C)rich developed countries would support poorer countries as they developed
D)rich developed countries would not support poorer countries as they developed
Q5) Structural adjustment programs, or SAPs, focus on ______.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Public Policies When Markets Fail: Welfare, Health, and
the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) How are universal entitlements usually funded?
A)through individual contributions
B)through general taxation
C)through the financial markets
D)through private investment
Q2) Which of the following is the best definition of "social insurance"?
A)benefits provided to those who contributed to a public fund
B)benefits provided to all citizens without any distinction
C)benefits provided to those who need most help
D)none of these
Q3) Briefly describe the environmental laws in China.
Q4) Environmental policy everywhere has to be based on risk assessment and risk management.What are these two concepts?
Q5) The crux of the arguments that opponents of social policies present is that social policies reduce incomes.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Can tax expenditures be considered social welfare benefits? Please explain in detail.
Q7) List three primary goals of social policy.
14
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