Comparative Politics
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Course Introduction
Comparative Politics is an introduction to the systematic study and comparison of political systems, institutions, processes, and behavior across different countries. This course explores key concepts such as democracy, authoritarianism, political culture, institutions, public policy, and state-society relations. Through examining case studies from various regions, students learn to analyze similarities and differences among political systems, understand factors that shape governance and policy-making, and apply comparative methods to assess the effectiveness and stability of governments worldwide. The course equips students with the analytical tools necessary to critically evaluate global political developments and their impact on societies.
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World Politics Interests Interactions Institutions 3rd Edition by Jeffry A. Frieden
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) What is a theory?
A)A guess about the current state of the world.
B)An educated guess about how two events relate to each other.
C)A logically consistent set of statements that explain a phenomenon of interest.
D)An unproven hypothesis.
E)An unprovable set of assumptions that establish untestable propositions about the world.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is an example of an institution?
A)The Chief Executive Office of a multinational corporation.
B)The United States invaded Iraq to end its weapons-of-mass-destruction program.
C)A state senator.
D)The United Nations.
E)A politician's desire to be elected president.
Answer: D
Q3) Is realism realistic? Explain why you think the framework is suitable for international relations,or,if you do not think it is,does liberalism or constructivism make more sense?
Answer: Answer will vary.
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Chapter 2: What Shaped Our World
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Q1) With regard to the "war debts-reparations tangle":
A)France and England stopped insisting that Germany repay its loans.
B)France and England insisted that the United States repay loans made before World War I.
C)the United States stopped insisting that France and England repay loans made during World War I.
D)the United States insisted that the French and Germans repay loans made during World War I.
E)Germany had no difficulty paying the reparations to which it agreed at the conclusion of World War I.
Answer: D
Q2) The biggest crisis between Russia and the West since the end of the Cold War occurred in 2014 over which country?
A)Georgia.
B)Belarus.
C)Romania.
D)Ukraine.
E)Azerbaijan.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions
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Q1) How does iteration differ from linkage?
A)In iteration,agreements are specifically enumerated,rather than being combined or linked to other agreements.
B)In iteration,all actors share all relevant information,rather than strategically withholding key information.
C)In iteration,an actor makes the first move in negotiations rather than waiting to use information from other sources to get a better outcome.
D)In iteration,an actor waits for others to set the agenda for bargaining,rather than promising cooperation in the future.
E)In iteration,an actor can punish another by withholding cooperation in the future,rather than withholding cooperation on other issues.
Answer: E
Q2) Explain how access to information affects the probability of successful cooperation.
Answer: Answer will vary.
Q3) Under what conditions are both hunters likely to cooperate in the Stag Hunt game?
Answer: Answer will vary.
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Chapter 4: Why Are There Wars
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Q1) Which is the best definition of total war?
A)A state mobilizes its entire military and economic resources.
B)Most of the states in the world are involved in the war.
C)Most of the states in one region are involved in the war.
D)The war lasts more than three years.
E)The war results in at least 1,000 battle deaths.
Answer: A
Q2) Why would a state go to war to change another state's regime?
A)A state would not attempt to change another state's regime,because that would be a violation of its sovereignty.
B)International law allows states to attack another state whose government makes threats against its neighbors.
C)War is the only way democratic states can change authoritarian regimes into representative governments.
D)States will use war,when possible,to remove a regime in another country that is hostile to it.
E)A state would change a regime that refused to trade with other states.
Answer: D
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Chapter 5: Domestic Politics and War
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Q1) What is the rally effect? What causes it? Do you believe leaders purposefully change their behavior to cause a rally effect? Why might they or might they not do so?
Q2) What is an interest group?
A)A group of academic experts studying a particular issue.
B)A focus group the government creates to test possible policy changes.
C)A group of individuals that pushes for policies that benefit the group's members.
D)A faction of the government that pushes for economic and political changes.
E)A faction of the government that provides information and advice to its leaders.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a part of a bureaucracy?
A)The leader of a country.
B)The military leadership.
C)An intelligence agency.
D)An interest group.
E)The diplomatic corps.
Q4) Explain how the democratic peace theory encompasses institutions,interactions,and interests.
Q5) When is it likely that interest groups will influence foreign policy decisions?
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Chapter 6: International Institutions and War
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Q1) Which of the following best describes an alliance?
A)An institution that promotes peace among its members.
B)An institution that helps states cooperate militarily to achieve their common security goals.
C)Organizations that assist states in increasing their weapons development.
D)An agreement between two countries to collectively monitor their elections.
E)An organization that helps promote members' common interest in ensuring peace.
Q2) What is the trade-off between the credibility of alliances and keeping control of alliance partners?
A)The more control an ally has in forcing compliance,the less credible the alliance is.
B)The more discretion an ally has in honoring the alliance,the less credibility the alliance has.
C)The greater the integrity of the alliance partners,the less control the alliance has over those allies.
D)The more standing the alliance has internationally,the more control the alliance has.
E)The more organized the alliance institutions are,the less faith the allies have in the alliance.
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Chapter 7: Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism
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Q1) What is NOT a reason why foreign intervention in civil war is important?
A)Intervention by a foreign power determines which side of the conflict is legitimate and which side is illegitimate.
B)Aid from a foreign source can determine the longevity of a civil war.
C)Intervention from another state can determine which side will win a conflict.
D)Aid from a foreign government can be fundamental to a rebel movement forming in the first place.
E)Foreign governments can intervene on behalf of the state to increase the state's likelihood of succeeding.
Q2) Economic downturns are likely to cause what kind of bargaining problems for rebels and states?
A)Information asymmetries.
B)Commitment problems.
C)Issue indivisibilities.
D)International intervention.
E)Brinkmanship bargaining.
Q3) What characteristics of a state make civil war more likely and why?
Q4) Why are civil wars concentrated in particular regions of the world?
Q5) Can states effectively prevent or deter terrorism? Why or why not?
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Chapter 8: International Trade
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Q1) Which scenario represents strategic interaction in trade?
A)The United States creating a quota on sugar imports,due to lobbying from sugar manufacturers.
B)The European Union instigating a case against genetically modified organisms in the World Trade Organization to prevent U.S.agricultural imports.
C)Japan not raising tariffs on U.S.automobiles,as it fears retaliation from the United States.
D)France creating new tariffs on U.S.goods,due to concerns over domestic production.
E)Great Britain unilaterally liberalizing its agricultural sector.
Q2) Which of the following international organizations was formed in the wake of World War II as a response to the devastation of European economies during the war?
A)United Nations.
B)Warsaw Pact.
C)European Union.
D)North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
E)World Trade Organization.
Q3) How does the WTO both help and hurt the world's poor?
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Chapter 9: International Financial Relations
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Q1) Which of the following illustrates how international conditions can affect debtor nations?
A)Mexican oil exports decreased,because higher U.S.interest rates precipitated a recession.
B)The government of Thailand increased interest rates,which led to a recession.
C)Argentina experienced hyperinflation,because of excessive government spending.
D)Honduran electricity production decreased,because of insufficient rain to fill its reservoirs.
E)India increased unemployment assistance because of student protests.
Q2) Which of the following is the most likely to be a developing country?
A)A country with little land.
B)A country with little unskilled labor.
C)A country with lots of skilled labor.
D)A country with high amounts of capital.
E)A country with low amounts of capital.
Q3) How well does the Heckscher-Ohlin approach explain international immigration?
Q4) What reasons would a country have for wanting to seek international finance,and how would this differ from the reasons why a country might seek foreign direct investment?
Q5) If international finance is beneficial,why is it controversial?
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Chapter 10: International Monetary Relations
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Q1) Why can interactions in an international monetary regime be like a Prisoner's Dilemma?
A)Each government has an incentive to cheat by pegging its currency;the result is a world where every government wants to peg its currency to someone else.
B)Each government has an incentive to cheat by devaluing its currency,and the result is all governments become worse off because of competitive devaluations.
C)Each government faces a choice between fixing its currency's exchange rate or letting the currency float freely.
D)Each government is trapped by the rules of the international monetary regime.
E)All governments have a clear incentive to create an international government to regulate monetary affairs even though this will make them captive to its rules.
Q2) Why would a country want a depreciated currency?
A)Depreciation makes imports cheaper for consumers.
B)Depreciation makes a country's exports more competitive.
C)Depreciation makes investment more attractive.
D)Depreciation makes foreign loan repayment cheaper.
E)Depreciation makes wages increase.
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Chapter 11: Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations
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Q1) Which of the following has NOT adopted export-oriented industrialization?
A)Brazil.
B)South Korea.
C)Singapore.
D)Taiwan.
E)Hong Kong.
Q2) What might have helped economic development in South Korea and Taiwan?
A)Both countries had significant natural resources.
B)Both countries had democratic governments.
C)Competition with North Korea and China helped create national unity.
D)Neither country had significant national security concerns.
E)Both countries carefully followed import-substituting industrialization policies.
Q3) Which of the following would be a policy consistent with ISI?
A)Ghana attempts to reduce its dependence on imported oil by developing alternative energy sources.
B)Malaysia reduces regulations on its banks to encourage investment.
C)China keeps its currency undervalued to make Chinese exports cheaper.
D)Egypt refuses a loan from Bank of America.
E)Brazil places tariffs on cars made in the United States.
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Chapter 12: International Law and Norms
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Q1) What role do TANs play in the creation of international agreements?
Q2) What is an argument for international law being ineffective?
A)Most states follow laws most of the time.
B)Few states violate international law.
C)Only international organizations are bound by international law;other actors are not subject to international law.
D)International law reflects state interests and does not actually alter the behavior of states.
E)There is not an international institution that can hear cases about international law.
Q3) What kinds of international laws are most effective? Discuss soft and hard types of law in your answer.
Q4) How is international law different from other forms of international institutions?
A)It is a set of explicit rules that regulate behavior.
B)It is more likely to be followed than an international organization.
C)It is more likely to have the backing of an international hegemon.
D)It cannot be ignored by states like other international institutions.
E)It is often self-enforcing.
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Chapter 13: Human Rights
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Q1) Explain why states commit human rights abuses against their own citizens,even though their actions violate international human rights law.
Q2) Why was international opposition to apartheid an important turning point for states' pressure to end human rights abuses in other states?
Q3) What is the International Bill of Rights?
A)The UDHR,the ICCPR,and the ICESCR.
B)The UDHR.
C)The ICCPR and the ICESCR.
D)The ICCPR.
E)The United Nations Charter.
Q4) The majority of rights enumerated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)are based on ________ philosophical thought.
A)Western
B)Eastern
C)southern
D)capitalist
E)communist
Q5) When are states most likely to take action on human rights abuses?
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Chapter 14: The Global Environment
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Q1) The relationship between development (as measured in per capita income)and environmental protection suggests that the relationship is:
A)linearly decreasing.
B)linearly increasing.
C)a mostly negative relationship that rebounds slightly upward toward higher values.
D)a mostly positive relationship that rebounds slightly downward toward higher values.
E)The data are inconsistent,and there appears to be no relationship.
Q2) Explain how transnational advocacy networks help implement international environmental agreements.
Q3) What is an externality?
A)A good that is nonexcludable but rival in consumption.
B)A cost or benefit for stakeholders other than the actor undertaking an action.
C)An effect created by the interaction between two states.
D)A good that is nonexcludable and nonrival in consumption.
E)An international agency that monitors compliance with regulations.
Q4) Why has cooperation in restoring the ozone been more successful than efforts to address climate change?
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Chapter 15: The Future of International Politics
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Q1) Why might nuclear proliferation cause peace?
A)There is a strong norm against starting a nuclear war.
B)Large-scale nuclear proliferation will cause countries to create a new international organization that will regulate nuclear weapons.
C)Countries with nuclear weapons will have no reason to go to war with other countries.
D)Nuclear powers such as the United States can threaten to punish states that start wars.
E)Possessing nuclear weapons increases the costs of war.
Q2) How are terrorist groups likely to obtain nuclear weapons?
Q3) The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)is a treaty that:
A)allows countries that already have nuclear weapons to keep them indefinitely.
B)has required countries to eliminate their nuclear weapons before signing the treaty.
C)prohibits aboveground testing of nuclear weapons.
D)bans the transfer of all nuclear technology.
E)seeks to prevent the building of nuclear power plants.
Q4) Will economic inequality be the norm of globalization,or should we expect inequality to shrink in the future?
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Chapter 16: Foundations, war, and Peace
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Q1) Which is a major risk of alliance commitments?
A)A state will no longer have to worry about security and stop pursuing power.
B)A state may become more adventurous in its foreign policy in ways an ally does not like.
C)Major powers typically make meaningless alliances.
D)Domestic groups are likely to oppose the creation of new alliances.
E)Alliances tend to be financially burdensome for minor powers.
Q2) Why do countries comply with international institutions?
A)International institutions force countries to fulfill their agreements.
B)International institutions are neutral and unbiased mediators.
C)International institutions never have their own agendas to pursue.
D)International institutions can reduce the cost of coming to an agreement.
E)International institutions are easily manipulated by weaker countries.
Q3) "Hawkish" preferences differ from the rally-around-the-flag effect in that:
A)hawks tend not to care about reelection in democracies.
B)they make war less likely because they deter other states.
C)they cannot be reflected in a simple bargaining model.
D)other states are unaware of them.
E)they often result from the influence of narrow interests on the leader.
Q4) How are war outcomes and leadership fate tied into democracy and autocracy?
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Politics, and Looking Ahead
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Q1) Which of the following is true about environmental performance?
A)States with a high per capita GDP tend to have better environmental performance.
B)Global carbon emissions have remained constant over the last 50 years.
C)The United States is around the world average in fossil fuel usage per capita.
D)Travel is a trivially small percentage of global carbon emissions.
E)Rich countries have had the worst performance in environmental protection in the last decade.
Q2) What set of circumstances will make a transition from U.S.dominance to Chinese global leadership peaceful?
A)If China guarantees that it will not demand concessions from the United States if it becomes more powerful.
B)If the United States preemptively invades China.
C)If the United States erects tariffs on Chinese goods to slow down its economic growth.
D)If China and the United States perceive their interests in global institutions to be similar.
E)If a third party surpasses China in the short term.
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