Comparative Health Care Systems Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Comparative Health Care Systems explores the organization, function, and outcomes of health care systems across different countries. The course examines key aspects such as financing, delivery, policy, access, and quality of care, emphasizing the diverse approaches to managing health resources globally. Students analyze the strengths and weaknesses of various health systems, including those in developed and developing nations, and consider the political, economic, and cultural factors that influence system design. By comparing international models, students gain insight into challenges and opportunities for reform, with a focus on improving population health, equity, and cost-effectiveness.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding the Australian Health Care System 3rd Edition by Eileen Willis
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27 Chapters
282 Verified Questions
282 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Understanding the Australian Health Care System
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10 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Freidson argued that professions were characterised by:
A)a license to practise provided by an authority
B)a strong basis in science
C)a capacity to influence government policy
D)a strong service ethic,scientific training,and autonomy of practice
Answer: D
Q2) In Australia,control over health professions is exercised by the government through regulation.Professional regulation is controlled by which government agency?
A)The Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency
B)The Australian Medical Association
C)The Australian Association of Health Practitioners
D)The accrediting body of each profession
Answer: A
Q3) Eliot Freidson defined a profession as a group of workers who:
A)have the knowledge and skills to do a highly specialised task
B)who make the tools for a particular occupation
C)earn over $100,000 per year
D)are affiliated with a union
Answer: A
3
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Chapter 2: The Public Health Sector and Medicare
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the context of the Australian health care system,the federal government is responsible for:
A)funding major public health programs
B)providing health care services
C)providing public dental services
D)managing public hospitals
Answer: A
Q2) Government health expenditure in Australia has been increasing at what rate per year over the past decade?
A)2.5%
B)6%
C)3%
D)5%
Answer: D
Q3) Elective surgery is classified as:
A)surgery that is not medically necessary
B)surgery that is not medically required in the next 7 days
C)surgery that is not medically required in the next 30 days
D)surgery that is not medically required in the next 24 hours
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: The Private Health Sector and Private Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which state of Australia hosts the most private day hospital facilities?
A)Queensland
B)New South Wales
C)Victoria
D)South Australia
Answer: B
Q2) What was a 'Friendly Society'?
A)An association that,for an annual fee,assisted members during sickness or unemployment
B)An elite group that allowed access to Society doctors
C)An early form of Medicare
D)A group of doctors who would treat patients at no charge
Answer: A
Q3) Religious orders were responsible for the founding of which of the following?
A)Public hospitals
B)Private hospitals
C)Bush nursing hospitals
D)Large public hospitals in major cities and some private hospitals
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: International Health Care Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the name of the recent act introduced by the Obama government in the USA?
A)Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
B)Obamacare Act
C)Better Health for Americans Act
D)The Poor Act
Q2) Health care systems are:
A)simple systems that involve a single transaction between patients and providers
B)free from government intervention
C)large and complex systems
D)easy to understand
Q3) In the UK,general practitioners are funded:
A)on a contract basis
B)on a fee-for-service basis
C)on a mix of the above
D)none of the above
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Chapter 5: Public Health in Australia
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Sample Questions
Q1) What percentage of the Commonwealth allocation from the health budget does public health receive?
A)Public health receives almost all of this health budget allocation (approximately 92%)
B)Public health receives about half of the health budget allocation (approximately 52%)
C)Public health receives about one-third of the health budget allocation (approximately 32%)
D)Public health receives a very small percentage of the health budget allocation (approximately 2%)
Q2) What is 'population health'?
A)A framework for making people healthier
B)A system that focuses on improving the living conditions of the entire population
C)A framework for thinking about why some populations are healthier than others
D)A system that increases the practice of health equity
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Chapter 6: Primary Health Care Systems and Reforms
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Q1) A model of community-based health service delivery and a philosophy about equity and fairness best describes:
A)population health care
B)public health care
C)selective health care
D)primary health care
Q2) All of the following are salient principles of primary health care from the Declaration of Alma-Ata,except:
A)An explicit link between health and social development,and the social and environmental determinants of health
B)A reduced reliance on highly specialised doctors and nurses and greater mobilisation of community-based health care
C)A commitment to address the health inequities by redirecting rehabilitation health care services to urban hospitals
D)A commitment to shift health resources from urban hospitals to community-based settings
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Chapter 7: The Health Workforce
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Sample Questions
Q1) While there is a shortage of some health professionals,the more pressing problem is:
A)the time it takes to train doctors for surgery
B)the limited scope of practice of nurses and physiotherapists
C)lack of Medicare reimbursement for nursing care
D)maldistribution of health professionals with lower numbers in outer metropolitan,regional and rural areas
Q2) Which professions in the list below are part of the complementary system and are registered?
A)Naturopathy,homeopathy,iridology,remedial massage,reflexology
B)Chinese medicine,chiropractic,osteopathy
C)Social work,medicine,nursing,midwifery
D)Occupational therapy,audiology,diversional therapy
Q3) Which group is defined as allied health professionals?
A)Physiotherapists,dietitians,social workers,psychologists,occupational therapists
B)Gynaecological oncologists,paediatricians,psychiatrists,medical scientists
C)nurses,midwives,nursing assistants
D)General practitioners,practice nurses,nurse practitioners
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Page 9
Chapter 8: The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme: Recent Trends and Options for Reform
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reference pricing can be defined as:
A)a price that is usually less than the most expensive option which is expected to paid by the consumer
B)a process to adjust the price of pharmaceuticals in order to make it cheaper for both the government and consumers
C)a means for the government to make more money by purchasing cheaper medicines and then selling them on to consumers at a higher price
D)the way pharmaceutical manufacturers create newer,cheaper but less effective drugs which are then made available to governments as generic options
Q2) The difference between the PBS and Medicare is:
A)the PBS is not available to all Australians,only those who receive welfare payments
B)one is for health care (Medicare)and the other is for medicines (PBS)
C)under the PBS pharmacists are unable to run a small business because they have to work for large chains
D)unlike doctors,pharmacists cannot charge above the pre-determined maximum for the cost of medicines
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10
Chapter 9: The Aged Care Sector: Residential and Community Care
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Q1) Health care policy is moving towards a multidisciplinary approach.This approach supports healthy ageing by respecting:
A)choice
B)the diversity of care needs
C)cost containment
D)a medicalised model of care
Q2) Older persons are considered to be what age:
A)85+
B)70+
C)65+
D)50+
Q3) Research suggests that user involvement and participation in decision-making promotes well-being and improves quality of life.The government has introduced a model of care promoting this,known as:
A)resident-centred care
B)home and community care
C)consumer-directed care
D)Best Care for all Australians
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Chapter 10: Rural Health Systems: Spotlight on Equity and Access
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Sample Questions
Q1) Geographical classification systems have been used to differentiate between urban,rural and remote areas and to provide incentives for health professionals to relocate to districts of workforce shortages.Of the following,which have been most recently developed for use in Australia?
A)Rural,Remote and Metropolitan Areas (RRMA)and Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA)
B)ARIA and Modified Monash Model (MMM)
C)RRMA and Australian Standard Geographical Classification - Remoteness Areas (ASGC-RA)
D)MMM and ASGC-RA
Q2) Health inequality is:
A)differences in health status between population groups that can be linked to potentially modifiable social or economic factors
B)differences in health status between different population groups or individuals
C)differences in treatments for different population groups
D)similarities in health status between different population groups
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Chapter 11: Indigenous Health Systems and Services
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Sample Questions
Q1) The poor health of many Indigenous Australians today can largely be linked to:
A)a rejection of Western health care
B)the use of traditional medicines
C)the intergenerational impact of colonisation
D)not being interested in health
Q2) What offers the greatest potential for improving health outcomes for Indigenous Australians?
A)Employing more traditional healers in mainstream services
B)Better partnerships between ACCHSs and mainstream services
C)The government taking control of ACCHSs
D)Indigenous people using mainstream services first
Q3) Apart from the health benefits of Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services
(ACCHSs),they contribute significantly through:
A)providing a safe place to visit
B)taking patients from mainstream services
C)providing free transport
D)providing employment and economic benefits to Indigenous people
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Chapter 12: Organising Care for the Mentally Ill in Australia
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Sample Questions
Q1) One in five people will experience mental health problems in any year.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following factors contribute to the fragmentation of mental health services?
A)Increased use of private service providers
B)The dispersion of the population in rural and remote areas
C)Lack of cultural sensitivity by service providers
D)All of the above
Q3) Which of the following explains why 'capacity' might be difficult to assess in the primary care (community/out-of-hospital)setting?
A)An understanding of capacity can assist in recognition of the early warning signs of mental illness.
B)The idea of capacity is relational and dependent on environment and circumstances.
C)Evaluating capacity assists in pre-planning and recognition of deterioration in an individual's condition.
D)Capacity is required for collaboration in care planning by the individual with health care providers
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Chapter 13: People Living With Disability: Navigating
Support and Health Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Developmental educators are multi-disciplinary skilled professionals but are not well qualified to work in teams alongside and with a range of allied health and human services;they are best in support roles only.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Disability only causes issues affecting the daily living,work and community engagement of people living with disability when those impairments are constant and clearly visible to others.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The health and quality of life outcomes for people living with disability can be improved by individualising funding and giving more choice and control to the individuals than service providers.
A)True
B)False
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Australian Workers Compensation Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following most accurately describes the Australian workers' compensation systems?
A)In addition to having one system for each state and territory,there are also three Commonwealth systems
B)There is one system (WorkCover)that regulates all of the states and a separate system (WorkSafe)that regulates workers' compensation in the territories
C)One system is in place for each of the states and territories and this is regulated by a Commonwealth system
D)One Commonwealth system is in place which is responsible for workers' compensation across all of Australia.
Q2) The Clinical Framework for the Provision of Health Services outlines a set of five guiding principles for the delivery of health services in workers' compensation and motor vehicle accident compensation systems.Which of the following is not one of these five guiding principles?
A)Base treatment on the best available research evidence
B)Measure and demonstrate the effectiveness of treatment
C)Adopt a socioeconomic approach
D)Empower the injured person to manage their injury
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Chapter 15: The Complementary and Alternative Health Care System in Australia
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Australia,complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)can be accessed through:
A)GP clinics
B)public hospital emergency departments
C)private practice
D)community health centres
Q2) In Australia,who controls the regulation and supply of medicines,nutritional supplements,herbs and devices used in CAM practice?
A)The Australian Medical Association
B)Australian Customs and Quarantine
C)The Therapeutic Goods Administration
D)The Australian Council on Safety and Quality in Health Care
Q3) Who is responsible for regulating CAM practice?
A)The federal government
B)State governments
C)The CAM professions
D)The Therapeutic Goods Administration
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Oral Health and Dental Services
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following groups demonstrates high levels of dental disease and difficulty in accessing dental care?
A)People in rural areas
B)People from families with low socioeconomic status
C)Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
D)All of the above
Q2) How are the majority of dental services delivered in Australia?
A)Through private dental practices,subsidised by the Commonwealth government
B)Through public health services funded by state governments
C)Through private dental practices under self-funded or self-insured arrangements
D)Through public health services funded by the Commonwealth government
Q3) The dental and oral health workforces comprise registered roles with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency and non-registered roles.Which of the following roles does not require registration?
A)Oral health therapist
B)Dental hygienist
C)Dental technician
D)Dental therapist
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Chapter 17: Nursing in Australia
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Q1) 'Advanced clinical activities in an area of clinical nursing specialty with limited initiation and supply of medications under protocol.' This statement describes the scope of practice of which nursing role?
A)Enrolled nurse
B)Registered nurse
C)Advanced practice nurse
D)Nurse practitioner
Q2) A nurse is only permitted to undertake procedures,actions and processes at his/her distinct level of professional regulation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What group was established to guide the orderly development of nursing specialties in Australia?
A)The Coalition of National Nursing and Midwifery Organisations
B)The Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation
C)The Australian Nursing Council
D)The Australian Primary Health Care Nurses Association
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Chapter 18: Midwifery: The Profession in Australia
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Q1) Midwifery was recognised as a profession in its own right in:
A)2000
B)2005
C)2010
D)2015
Q2) The introduction of the Bachelor of Midwifery (three-year program)commenced in Australia in:
A)2000
B)2001
C)2002
D)2003
Q3) There are no gaps between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous maternity outcomes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Midwives have a responsibility to provide evidence of 20 hours of continuing professional development.
A)True
B)False
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Sample Questions
Q1) 'Ramping' is defined as:
A)long waiting times for patients in emergency departments
B)a chain reaction occurring when large numbers of people present to an emergency department at one time,preventing admission of those patients who have arrived by ambulance
C)an ambulance that is reverse parallel-parked outside an emergency department
D)A flow-on effect of patients overwhelming an emergency department instead of making a general practitioner appointment for illnesses such as colds or flu
Q2) The practice and workplace of paramedics is increasingly becoming more hazardous due to:
A)falls,lifting and motor vehicle accidents
B)mental stress and fatigue
C)assaults from those affected by alcohol and other drugs
D)all of the above
Q3) Ambulance services are funded by:
A)the Commonwealth government through Medicare
B)private health insurance companies
C)non-government organisations (NGOs)
D)state and territory governments,private health insurance and user payments
Page 21
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Chapter
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Q1) Which of the following dietetic roles usually involves working in primary health care sites such as community health centres and in publicly funded services such as domiciliary care?
A)Specialist dietetics
B)Community-based dietetics
C)Clinical dietetics
D)Private practice dietetics
Q2) To be eligible to become an accredited practicing dietitian (APD)with the Dietitians Association of Australia,a person must complete which of the following?
A)The relevant university training programs and six months of community service
B)The relevant university training programs
C)The relevant undergraduate training programs,a defined ongoing professional development program and at least one year of mentorship
D)The relevant university training programs and at least two years of mentorship
Q3) In Australia,the accreditation of nutritionists:
A)is performed on a voluntary basis
B)occurs through the Dietetics Association of Australia
C)is only required if a nutritionist works in a community setting
D)enables them to direct the clinical management of patients
Page 22
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Chapter
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Q1) Physiotherapists are able to perform acupuncture and dry needling,which involves the penetration of the skin with a needle.They are not,however,able to administer medications via needles.The primary reason why physiotherapists are not allowed to perform this role is due to:
A)insufficient training in the use and administration of medications
B)state-based legislation that clearly states this is not a role physiotherapists are able to undertake
C)the lack of a community need as there are sufficient nurses and doctors available to perform this role
D)all of the above
Q2) Fred,a 78-year-old man,is due to have a right total knee replacement.Before his operation he is seen by a range of health professionals who later collaborate to determine the best care for Fred to ensure he meets all his goals.This is an example of what sort of inter-professional care model?
A)Multidisciplinary
B)Transdisciplinary
C)Individual disciplinary
D)None of the above
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Chapter 22: Occupational Therapy
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Q1) The first formal occupational therapy educational programs emerged around:
A)1855
B)1893
C)1914
D)1942
Q2) Occupational therapists (OTs)apply the therapeutic process according to aspects of the:
A)patient,engineering and occupation
B)patient,environment and occupation
C)person,engineering and occupation
D)person,environment and occupation
Q3) The number of occupational therapists (OTs)working in private practice in work injury management has significantly increased over the past 20 years.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Occupational therapists work mainly in hospitals.
A)True
B)False
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Page 24
Chapter 23: Clinical Exercise Physiology in the Australian
Health Care System
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Q1) What is the increased risk of adverse symptoms or even sudden cardiac death for chronic-disease patients while undertaking exercise,with a reduced risk for the rest of the day known as?
A)Risk versus reward
B)The exercise conundrum
C)Buyer beware
D)The exercise paradox
Q2) How many treatments from allied health professionals (including accredited exercise physiologists)can patients with chronic disease claim in a given year?
A)One
B)Up to five
C)Up to 10
D)Up to 20
Q3) Optimal patient outcomes are likely to be best achieved through:
A)one allied health domain only
B)patients deciding on the best treatment
C)a multidisciplinary approach
D)general practitioner providing a complete service
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Chapter 24: Speech Pathology and Audiology: Assessment and
Intervention for Communication Impairment
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Q1) The prevalence of hearing loss in Australia is currently assessed to be approximately 1 in 6.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What are the potential implications of a speech and/or language impairment in a young child if the condition continues?
A)Impaired learning of spoken language
B)Impaired development of reading and writing
C)Impaired social relationships
D)All of the above
Q3) The shift to a contestable market approach to service delivery where consumers are able to make informed choices about the purchase of supports based on their preferences,means that speech pathologists and audiologists don't have to be accountable for outcomes for clients.
A)True
B)False
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26
Chapter 25: Health Care Managers in a Changing System
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Q1) There are two major professional associations in Australia for health care managers.These are:
A)The Australian Medical Management Association and the Australasian College of Health Service Management
B)The Australasian College of Health Service Management and the Royal Australasian College of Medical Administrators
C)The Royal Australasian College of Medical Administrators and Health Care Management Services Australia
D)Health Care Management Services Australia and the Australian Medical Management Association
Q2) In health care,you can be a good manager without being a leader as well.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The term used for the ways in which individuals and groups within an organisation get and use power or influence is:
A)political impact
B)political management
C)managerial politics
D)organisational politics
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Page 27
Chapter 26: The Pharmacists Unique Contribution to
Australias Health System
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Q1) Consider that a pharmacist is presented with a prescription for a medicine which she believes could interfere with the effect of another prescribed medicine.In addition to recording the details of what happened in the dispensing history,the pharmacist is expected to:
A)dispense the medicine and mention to the patient that the dose is high
B)dispense the medicine
C)call the prescriber to discuss her concerns
D)not dispense the medicine
Q2) When a pharmacist calls a doctor to discuss the dose of a prescribed medicine and the doctor reduces the dose,the pharmacist may claim payment for the:
A)medication review
B)clinical intervention
C)compounding
D)dose administration aid
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Chapter 27: The Medical Profession in Australia
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Q1) Which of the following is not a role of the Medical Board of Australia?
A)To develop standards,codes and guidelines for the medical profession
B)To investigate notifications and complaints
C)To assess international medical graduates who wish to practise in Australia
D)Accreditation of medical schools
Q2) All qualified medical practitioners in Australia are required to register with which organisation?
A)Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency
B)Medical Board of Australia
C)Australian Medical Council
D)Australian Medical Association
Q3) A doctor has completed his/her internship and is employed in a hospital but has not yet completed pre-vocational training.This doctor would be referred to as:
A)an intern
B)a specialist
C)a registrar
D)a resident
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