Comparative Cultures Test Questions
Course Introduction
Comparative Cultures examines the beliefs, values, practices, and social institutions of diverse societies around the world. Through the exploration of topics such as religion, family systems, art, language, and governance, this course encourages students to critically analyze similarities and differences among cultures. Emphasis is placed on understanding how cultural perspectives shape human experiences and interactions in a global context, fostering greater cross-cultural awareness and respect. Students will engage with case studies, discussions, and collaborative projects to deepen their appreciation of cultural diversity and its impact on contemporary issues.
Recommended Textbook Culture Counts A Concise Introduction to Cultural Anthropology 2nd Edition by Serena Nanda
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Chapter 1: What Is Anthropology and Why Should I Care
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Q1) The Nacirema essay at the chapter opening is an example of a(n):
A)emic perspective.
B)ethnological perspective.
C)etic perspective.
D)forensic perspective.
E)linguistic perspective.
Answer: C
Q2) Anthropology courses do all of the following ways except:
A)present many useful ways of thinking.
B)focus on understanding other groups of people.
C)grapple with the questions of what it means to be human.
D)attempt to understand the full range of human cultural experience.
E)advocate determining which culture is superior to another.
Answer: E
Q3) The study of forensic anthropology is part of the subdiscipline of archaeology.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Anthropology is classified as a science and a __________________.
Answer: humanity
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Chapter 2: Culture Counts
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Q1) Distinguish between norms and values.
Answer: A norm is a shared idea about the way things should be done;a value is a shared idea about what is true,right,and beautiful.
Q2) In what kind of society would you be most likely to find inherent conflict?
A)geographically stratified
B)egalitarian
C)socially stratified
D)socially-nonstratified
E)subsistence-based
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following anthropologists was classified primarily as a culture and personality theorist?
A)Margaret Mead
B)Victor Turner
C)A.R.Radcliffe-Brown
D)Bronislaw Malinowski
E)Oliver Sacks
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Doing Cultural Anthropology
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Q1) Anthropologists do not do library research until they return from the field in order to minimize their bias.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) It is not uncommon today to find that cultural groups are pleased to be studied by an anthropologist because:
A)the study can serve as a means to preserve their cultural knowledge and identity.
B)they will be paid for their time and stories and not have to work outside the home.
C)their young people will be able to attend institutions of higher learning in the United States.
D)they will become famous and be able to leave their places of birth.
E)multinational corporations are more likely to bring jobs and opportunities to areas that have been studied by an anthropologist.
Answer: A
Q3) The belief that one's own culture is superior to another is called __________.
Answer: ethnocentrism
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Chapter 4: Communication
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Q1) The division of cultures into M-time and P-time cultures is an aspect of: A)artifacts. B)haptics. C)chronemics.
D)sociolinguistics. E)proxemics.
Q2) "Dog" is composed of how many morphemes? A)one B)two C)three D)four E)zero
Q3) What is a "universal grammar"?
Q4) Handshakes,kisses,and hugs are classified as: A)chronemics. B)kinesics. C)proxemics.
D)artifacts. E)haptics.
Q5) Animal vocalizations are referred to as _______________.
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Chapter 5: Making a Living
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Q1) Which of the following is not a major area where pastoralism is found today?
A)Eastern North America
B)Central Asia
C)the Sub-Arctic
D)East Africa
E)North Africa
Q2) What do you believe is the primary impact of globalization on our food networks and subsistence strategies? Give examples.
Q3) How did industrialized agriculture change America's rural culture over the last 100 years?
Q4) Population densities among horticultural populations rarely exceed ________ people per square mile.
A)150
B)10
C)75
D)50
E)5
Q5) Pastoralism is a self-sufficient and autonomous subsistence strategy.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Economics
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Q1) The most common form of exchange found in horticultural societies where political organization includes self-made leaders is:
A)market exchange.
B)redistribution.
C)generalized reciprocity.
D)balanced reciprocity.
E)capitalism.
Q2) Economic systems are found universally within human societies.What are the fundamental economic issues that all societies must face?
Q3) All of the following are benefits generated from the Kula Ring trade except:
A)it binds trading partners together.
B)trading partners give gifts to each other in addition to trade items.
C)it creates political and social alliances between traders.
D)it creates high levels of economic disparity between traders from one island to another.
E)it increases the islanders' consumption of goods.
Q4) Potlatching is a considered a form of redistribution.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Marriage, Family, and Kinship
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Q1) More than 25 percent of the world's population is traditionally neolocal.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All societies practice some form of the levirate and sororate.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How has the American family changed since the 1960s?
A)Almost fifty percent of American families have been through a divorce.
B)Women continue to bear the greatest responsibilities for housework and childcare.
C)Almost half of the children of divorced families have not seen their father in more than one year.
D)Divorce is frequently followed by remarriage.
E)All of these are correct.
Q4) Marriage is a virtually universal institution among human societies.Discuss the advantages that marriage has for human society.In the case of a society that does not have marriage,how might it regulate these needs without marriage?
Q5) Name three functions of a kinship system.
Q6) Most non-unilineal systems are __________.
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Chapter 8: Sex and Gender
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Q1) In which New Guinea society did Margaret Mead find that both men and women were expected to act in ways that Americans consider "naturally feminine"?
A)Arapesh
B)Tchambuli
C)Mundugamor
D)Samoa
E)Ndembu
Q2) Today,with the greater understanding of the complexity and variability in gender stratification systems,anthropologists focus on studying:
A)whether male dominance is truly universal.
B)how much cultural variation exists between matriarchy and patriarchy.
C)how widespread matriarchy is.
D)the incidence of gender stratification cross-culturally.
E)the interaction between gender ideology and patriarchy.
Q3) Discuss how the bullfighting in Spain demonstrates gender stratification,and describe similar activities in the U.S.that also demonstrate gender stratification.
Q4) Are the Tuareg a matrilineal,patrilineal,or nonunilateral society? How does this affect the status of women?
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Political Organization
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Q1) In foraging societies,leadership can be a function of all of the following except: A)authority.
B)economic roles in the distribution of goods. C)kinship.
D)supernatural connections.
E)social rank.
Q2) Why does the Armenian experience in Turkey continue to exert a force in current politics?
A)There are no Armenians who survived the genocide.
B)Turkey wishes to join to European Union and has not officially recognized this part of its history.
C)Turkey is applying for membership in NATO and the Armenians have voted against this membership.
D)Armenians wish to take over the government of Turkey.
E)Armenia is applying to secede from Turkey and form its own independent and autonomous nation.
Q3) In state societies all surplus is redistributed back to the population.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Stratification: Class, Race, Ethnicity, and Caste
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Q1) Race and class do not intersect in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A)Good luck can be a form of social mobility in class societies.
B)In a class system,social mobility is possible.
C)Social status is dependent on ascription and achievement.
D)In open social systems,the different classes are sharply defined and separated from each other.
E)All of these statements are correct.
Q3) The untouchable status has been officially,legally outlawed in India.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the "American Dream?" Has the "American Dream" been true for your family during its history in this country? Why or why not?
Q5) How has the Indian caste system been affected by globalization?
Q6) Do you believe that the establishment of categories of race and ethnicity within a society are adaptive to the survival of that society or do you believe that they are potentially destructive? Use examples to defend your argument.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Religion
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Q1) What distinguishes a shaman from a priest?
A)Priests,but not shamans,have the ability to work magic in religious rituals and cause ritual items to change their substance.
B)Shamans are part-time practitioners who mediate the worlds of the natural and supernatural.Priests are formally elected or appointed as full-time religious officers.
C)Priests have training and undergo an apprenticeship in order to serve a group of people.Shamans are untrained because they are thought to have a natural affinity to the supernatural.
D)Shamans are found in state societies and priests are found in foraging and egalitarian societies.
E)There are no differences between shamans and priests.Priests are classified as a type of shaman.
Q2) The Holiness Church would be classified as a:
A)nativistic movement.
B)vitalistic prophecy.
C)messianic movement.
D)millenarian movement.
E)trance movement.
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Chapter 12: Power, Conquest, and a World System
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Q1) The Tirailleurs Senegalais fought in all of the following conflicts except:
A)the Korean War.
B)the Vietnam War.
C)World War I.
D)World War II.
E)colonial wars in Africa.
Q2) The main reason European expansion was so rapid and successful was:
A)superior technology.
B)war tactics.
C)disease.
D)the European political structure.
E)superior intelligence.
Q3) By what means did Europe gain such power and influence over the world after 1400? Evaluate each of your responses by discussing the advantages they conferred on Europeans and what effects they might have had on the native populations in the colonies.
Q4) One of the most important means of wealth transfer for Europe was pillage.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why did the VOC ultimately fail?
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Chapter 13: Globalization and Change
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Q1) What is the primary goal of a multinational corporation?
A)generate employment
B)raise the overall quality of life of its workers
C)create a multicultural environment
D)generate profit for shareholders
E)participate in political life
Q2) What do The Gap,Old Navy,and Banana Republic have in common?
A)They all are companies that have resisted becoming multinational.
B)They have an excellent record of using only fair trade policies in their factories.
C)They have all stocked consumer goods that were originally produced in sweatshops.
D)They are all owned by the same multinational corporation.
E)They hire only men as workers.
Q3) What is the best way for governments to control population growth?
A)improve the life chances and wealth of people in poor countries
B)provide excellent healthcare and free contraceptives
C)place governmental limitations on family sizes
D)charge a tax on children
E)give the responsibility to churches and religious groups
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Chapter 14: Anthropology Makes a Difference
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Q1) The Western medical model does not always translate well to other cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Discuss the types of commitment that anthropology takes in the contemporary world.Consider advocacy and also other ways of being involved and contributing to our society today.
Q3) What does it mean to say that anthropologists are "studying up"?
A)They are preparing a great deal of background research.
B)They are studying architectural and space-use aspects within a situation.
C)They are gathering information from people who are powerful and influential in the society.
D)They are working with the lowest social classes and will eventually move up the social scale to interview others.
E)They are doing comparative research between a native population and their own culture.
Q4) What is "environmental justice?"
Q5) Public anthropology can best be defined as the study of local peoples and local voices.
A)True
B)False
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