Comparative Corrections Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Comparative Corrections examines the philosophies, structures, and practices of correctional systems across diverse countries and cultures. The course explores the historical development and contemporary implementations of punishment, incarceration, probation, parole, and alternative sanctions. Students analyze how factors such as cultural values, legal traditions, political context, and socioeconomic conditions influence correctional policies and outcomes. Through case studies and comparative frameworks, the course highlights both the challenges and innovations in global corrections, encouraging critical reflection on the effectiveness and humaneness of different approaches to criminal justice.
Recommended Textbook
Corrections Today 2nd Edition by Larry J. Siege
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15 Chapters
1275 Verified Questions
1275 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Correctional System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The __________________________________ was finished in 1829 and became a model for prisons in several European countries.
Answer: Eastern State Penitentiary
Q2) Discuss some of the first correctional institutions used prior to the penitentiary.
Answer: -Some of the first correctional institutions were used during medieval period and were still in use during the 17th and 18th centuries.
-Monastic confinement were prisons established by the Church in the Middle Ages for those involved in offensive acts, such as incest and magic.
-Bridewells were houses of corrections run by local authorities to teach habits of industry to vagrants and idlers.
-Houses of Corrections were workhouses where vagrants were forced to work to achieve the purpose of discipline and punishment.
Q3) The ___________________________________ was held in Cincinnati in 1870 to present progressive ideas about corrections.
Answer: First Correctional Congress
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3
Chapter 2: Sentencing and the Correctional Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ______________________can become a useful tool when an offender is placed on probation by helping to shape treatment and supervision efforts.
Answer: presentence investigation
Q2) If the case against Scott goes to trial, who will rule on the appropriateness of conduct, settle questions of evidence, and guide the questioning of witnesses?
A)The prosecutor
B)The judge
C)The probation officer
D)The jury
Answer: B
Q3) In the case of _________________________________, the Supreme Court found that Washington State's sentencing guidelines violated a defendant's Sixth Amendment rights because they permitted a judge to consider aggravating factors that would increase the sentence.
Answer: Blake v.Washington
Q4) In recent years, _______________ have gained greater leverage to extract guilty pleas from defendants.
Answer: prosecutors
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Chapter 3: Community Corrections: Diversion and Probation
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Sample Questions
Q1) A ____________________is when judges were allowed to suspend punishment so offenders could seek a pardon or gather evidence that they were reformed.
Answer: judicial reprieve
Q2) _______________________________ is a sentence that delays conviction on a guilty plea until the sentenced offender has successfully served his or her probation term.
Answer: deferred sentence
Q3) Probation is used only with petty offenders.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Financial _____________________ is the payment of a sum of money by an offender either to the victim or to a pubic fund for victims of crime.
Answer: restitution
Q5) Recidivism rates are low among those placed on probation for a misdemeanor. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Intermediate Sanctions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Restitution allows:
A)offenders to avoid prison
B)victims to regain property and income
C)the community to benefit without paying for incarceration
D)all of these choices
Q2) Civil forfeiture is an act solely against:
A)the property used illegally
B)the offender
C)anyone living on the property
D)back taxes owed on the property
Q3) Restorative justice focuses on the welfare of the offender in the aftermath of the crime.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Fines are at one end of the continuum of intermediate sanctions.
A)True
B)False
Q5) ______________________ is the type of electronic monitoring where an offender is monitored periodically or continuously throughout the day and night by means of a pager number that only the probation officer knows.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Jail: Detention and Short-Term Confinement
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first state to establish a jail was:
A)Virginia
B)Maryland
C)New York
D)Georgia
Q2) Fiona is charged with prostitution. However, because she was on probation when she was arrested she is held without bond. During classification it is discovered that Fiona is addicted to heroin and has severe mental health issues. Fiona also has HIV. What service is the jail constitutionally mandated to make available to Fiona?
A)methadone to help Fiona's withdrawal from heroin
B)mental health counseling
C)adequate health care
D)all of these
Q3) If inmates are considered a high risk for suicide, they may be monitored with ___________________, in which inmates are placed in specially equipped cells and in which there is frequent supervision.
Q4) The number of juveniles held in jails has declined primarily because of the ____________________.
Q5) Discuss the different types of pretrial release.
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Chapter 6: Correctional Institutions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nearly _____ correctional institutions have been accredited or are in the process of accreditation.
A)100
B)500
C)1000
D)1500
Q2) Thomas' crime of motor vehicle theft is classified as a property crime. What percentage of state inmates are property offenders?
A)8%
B)17%
C)35%
D)52%
Q3) Privately operated facilities are generally located in the northeast region of the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _____________________ is a punishment unit in which inmates are separated from other inmates and are fed in their cells.
Q5) Discuss the desert/incapacitation philosophy of today.
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Chapter 7: The Prison Experience: Males
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Sample Questions
Q1) Darryl knows the institution he will be sent to because of his criminal history and his previous records within the institution. He is more concerned that he will receive the work assignment that he wants. He prefers to work in the kitchen. Which process will determine the work assignment that Darryl will receive?
A)external classification
B)general classification
C).internal classification
D)specific classification
Q2) Which of the following is not an advantage of classification?
A)Can reduce institutional tension by placing inmates in the prison in which they can function more effectively.
B)Can aim to place inmates in more secure and expensive housing than they really need.
C)Can better ensure a safe environment for both staff and inmates.
D)Can separate rival gang members from each other.
Q3) Discuss prison gangs.
Q4) Housing assignments for inmates will be determined through a/an
Q5) Discuss the forms that violence might take in prisons.
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Chapter 8: The Prison Experience: Females
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which model of coping with prison life has women associating with other prisoners and enjoying their associations while having few problems with correctional officers?
A)adopted style
B)convict style
C)isolate style
D)integrated style
Q2) Special issues in the incarceration of women include motherhood and ____________________.
Q3) While males may benefit from sentencing reforms, females:
A)also benefit
B)suffer
C)gain even more privileges than men
D)none of these choices
Q4) What is the term used to describe any behavior that can bring trouble or conflict with staff and other prisoners?
A)The flow
B)The heat
C)The mix
D)None of these
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Chapter 9: Prisoners Rights
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Sample Questions
Q1) The body of judicial precedent that is built on legal reasoning and previous interpretations of statutory laws is known as:
A)court laws
B)case law
C)judicial law
D)none of these choices
Q2) Cruel and unusual punishment refers to:
A)degrading the dignity of human beings
B)punishing people because of their race, religion and mental state
C)punishment that is more severe than the offense for which it has been given
D)all of these choices
Q3) Mr. Johnson inquires about the disciplinary proceedings used at the institution.
Warden Cox explains the proceedings used to Mr. Johnson. Which of the following would not meet the minimum requirements required for disciplinary proceedings?
A)Warden Cox gives the inmate verbal notice of the alleged rules infraction.
B)Warden Cox allows the inmate sufficient time to prepare a defense against the charges.
C)The inmate is allowed to present documentary evidence.
D)Warden Cox provides a written statement of the findings.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Correctional Programs and Services
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Sample Questions
Q1) A needs assessment is designed to:
A)predict new offenses or prison conduct
B)predict the length of a prison term
C)offer financial support to families of inmates who rely on the offenders income
D)offer treatment-relevant information such as social adjustment, hygiene, and level of family support.
Q2) Programs such as electronics, plumbing, computer programming and sheet metal repair are examples of ____________________.
Q3) The system that provides staff with access to critical inmate information such as assignments, program completions, and inmate movement is known as:
A)spyware
B)monitoring
C)Sentry
D)security
Q4) Explain three types of insight-therapies in addition to the goals of each.
Q5) ___________________________ is based on the assumption that the foundations for criminal behavior are dysfunctional patterns of thinking.
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Chapter 11: Parole and Release to the Community
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Sample Questions
Q1) The number of people on parole:
A)is on an upward trend
B)declines each year
C)remains approximately the same each year
D)none of these choices
Q2) Employment of parole officers is expected to grow through 2014.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Parole officers tend to be younger and less experienced in the criminal justice system than probation officers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The majority of parolees were sentenced for:
A)sex offenses
B)vehicle theft
C)murder
D)drug offenses
Q5) Civil disabilities facing parolees when they return to the community are known as ___________________.
Q6) Most inmates _________________ soon after they are released from prison.
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Chapter 12: Special Prison Populations
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text, in order for a sex offender to be labeled as a sexually violent offender:
A)an evaluation by a mental health professional is required
B)a probable cause hearing is required
C)all of these choices
D)none of these choices
Q2) Immigrants have very low crime rates.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Sex offenders can be terminated from treatment programs for:
A)fighting
B)sexual behavior
C)failing to make progress in treatment
D)all of these choices
Q4) Discuss the use of torture of suspected terrorists.
Q5) Substance-involved inmates are less likely to recidivate if they receive treatment behind prison walls.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What precautions does prison staff take when dealing with HIV/AIDS inmates?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Capital Punishment and the Death Row Inmate
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Sample Questions
Q1) Abolitionists argue that the death penalty is used in a racist fashion and violates constitutional guarantees of due process and equal protection.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The value of the death penalty remains a topic of considerable debate.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The majority of executions occur in:
A)Montana
B)Minnesota
C)Texas
D)Maine
Q4) A method to limit appeals is to restrict the use of ____________________, which is where prisoners on death row argue that their detention as condemned persons is based on some error in the administration of the law.
Q5) How do corrections officers who work on death row view their jobs?
Q6) What is the public opinion related to the death penalty?
Q7) Does the death penalty deter murder?
Q8) How do inmates deal with being placed on death row?
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Chapter 14: The Juvenile Offender
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary goal of placing juveniles in institutions is to help them reenter the ____________________ successfully.
Q2) Since 1999, the number of juvenile offenders in custody is:
A)increasing
B)decreasing
C)staying the same
D)none of these choices
Q3) Residential programs for juveniles consist of:
A)family group homes
B)boot camps
C)wilderness programs
D)all of these
Q4) Approximately how many juveniles are placed on formal probation each year in the United States?
A)10,000
B)100,000
C)400,000
D)1,000,000
Q5) Discuss what aftercare consists of in the juvenile justice system.
Q6) Discuss the concept of Parens Patriae.
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Chapter 15: Todays Correctional Professional
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Sample Questions
Q1) When did the federal courts outlaw the practice of flogging prisoners?
A)1920s
B)1940s
C)1960s
D)1980s
Q2) How many inmates are released from prison back into the community each year?
A)100,000
B)150,000
C)250,000
D)500,000
Q3) What are the present challenges for advancement in professionalism?
Q4) One of the standards of the American Correctional Association was to require _____ hours for pre-service training.
A)40
B)80
C)100
D)120
Q5) There are more than _________________inmates being released back into the community each year from prison.
Page 17
Q6) In 2009, New Mexico repealed the state's ______________________.
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