Community Psychology
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Community Psychology explores the relationships between individuals and their communities, focusing on understanding and addressing social issues at a collective level. The course examines psychological theories, research methods, and interventions that promote well-being, empowerment, and social justice within diverse populations. Topics include prevention, advocacy, community organizing, and the role of culture and context in mental health. Students learn to analyze community needs and assets, develop collaborative strategies for change, and evaluate the effectiveness of community-based programs, all while considering ethical and multicultural perspectives.
Recommended Textbook
Applied Social Psychology 3rd Edition by Jamie A. Gruman
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17 Chapters
989 Verified Questions
989 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Defining the Field of Applied Social Psychology
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66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A teacher observes a boy yelling at another boy and assumes the first boy's verbal barrage was probably due to something really inappropriate that the second boy had done.In explaining the first boy's behavior,the teacher would have made an ______.
A) internal (i.e., dispositional) attribution
B) internal (i.e., situational) attribution
C) external (i.e., dispositional) attribution
D) external (i.e., situational) attribution
Answer: D
Q2) Which is true with respect to scientific understanding?
A) Explanation is synonymous with establishing cause and effect.
B) Simple description is one type of understanding.
C) Biased prediction is a type of understanding.
D) Explaining why something occurs is unimportant.
Answer: B
Q3) Applied social psychology is,by definition,not a science,as it does not rely on the scientific method used within the sciences.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Social Psychological Theory
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Postdecisional dissonance is said to occur
A) after you realize you have made a bad decision
B) when you had to choose between two attractive alternatives
C) when you are unable to make up your mind about something
D) if you make a decision without weighing the facts
Answer: B
Q2) Ajzen (1985)decided to extend the theory of reasoned action by introducing which of the following variables?
A) subjective norms
B) behavioral control
C) behavioral intention
D) attitude
Answer: B
Q3) The ______ of a theory refers to whether the theory predicts the behavior of only a specific group of people or all human beings.
A) parsimony
B) range
C) scope
D) depth
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Research Methods in Applied Social Psychology
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65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the Gentile et al. (2009)experiment on the social effects of video games,the assignment of puzzles represented a(n)______ variable.
A) extraneous
B) controlled
C) independent
D) dependent
Answer: D
Q2) Random assignment of participants to conditions and experimental control of extraneous variables allows researchers to infer internal validity.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) A measurement that accurately reflects the meaning of a variable is said to have a form of validity called what?
A) external validity
B) internal validity
C) construct validity
D) convergent validity
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Intervention and Evaluation
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Sample Questions
Q1) In comparing policy and intervention,the text suggests
A) interventions refer to general courses of action, whereas policies refer to more specific actions
B) social policies represent the sine qua non of applied social psychology
C) the path from social psychological knowledge to policy formation is less direct than is the path from social psychological knowledge to the development of interventions
D) the path from social psychological knowledge to policy formation is more direct than is the path from social psychological knowledge to the development of interventions
Q2) With regard to intervention design and delivery,which is true?
A) Objectives include intermediate-term changes that happen as a consequence of a program.
B) A program logic model entails a summary statement of the intervention and the outcomes that are expected.
C) Precipitating factors are those that define the need for an intervention.
D) Needs and problems are viewed differently, in that the former reflect biological deficits and the latter social deficits.
Q3) Name the two broad types of interventions,and distinguish between them.
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Chapter 5: Applying Social Psychology to Clinical and Counseling Psychology
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51 Verified Questions
51 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Outlined in the text are two popular types of errors made in clinical decision making,false negative and false positive.Distinguish between both.
Q2) The anchoring effect and confirmation bias are two types of bias experienced by clinicians.Describe both in detail.
Q3) Basic research tends to have high ______ validity,whereas applied research tends to have high ______ validity.
A) internal; external
B) experimental; practice
C) external; experimental
D) external; internal
Q4) Depression may be caused when one explains negative events by making attributions that are ______ and ______.
A) stable; global
B) internal; unstable
C) unstable; specific
D) external; unstable
Q5) The term hopelessness depression refers to a unique type of depression.Describe how this differs from clinical depression by outlining the main symptoms.
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Chapter 6: Applying Social Psychology to Sports Teams
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51 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The authors of Chapter 6 ("Sports")suggest that the difficulties encountered by the rowing team profiled in the opening vignette were due primarily to issues related to ______.
A) role clarity
B) role performance
C) role ambiguity
D) role acceptance
Q2) In the ______ framework,messages between teammates are part of a larger process that contributes to the development and functioning of a team mental model.
A) social comparison
B) fundamental attribution
C) social cognitive exchange
D) social learning theory
Q3) Communication among team members is an important part of team sports.Outlined in the text are four main styles of communication (kinds of messages).Describe three of them in detail.
Q4) Team confidence and team goal setting are two core aspects of team dynamics.Describe these features in detail.
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Chapter 7: Applying Social Psychology to the Media
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57 Verified Questions
57 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What effect does teaching children critical viewing skills have on their levels of aggressive behavior?
A) no effect
B) little effect because aggression typically occurs away from the TV sets used to teach these skills
C) positive effects but only for children low in aggressive tendencies
D) positive, long-lasting effects
Q2) Research by Moy and Pfau (2000)has shown that people who watch TV,read newspapers,and/or listen to politically oriented radio broadcasts are
A) more cynical of government
B) less cynical of government
C) sometimes more and sometimes less cynical of government
D) not affected by them
Q3) Which of the following is likely to increase a reader's cynicism toward politics?
A) reading many stories that have an issue frame
B) reading many stories that have a strategy frame
C) reading neutral stories
D) avoiding politics
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9
Chapter 8: Applying Social Psychology to Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Health prevention refers efforts that are made to encourage people to engage in healthy behaviors,such as eating a healthy and balanced diet,exercising regularly,getting enough rest,and refraining from smoking and abusing alcohol.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In an intervention study,Spoth et al. (2002)found that a Life Skills Training Program significantly reduced the rates of initiating use of alcohol,marijuana,and cigarettes.They also found that the addition of a second intervention,the ______,led to even greater reductions in the use of ______.
A) Say No to Peers Program; alcohol
B) Say No to Peers Program; cigarettes
C) Strengthening Families Program; alcohol
D) Strengthening Families Program; cigarettes
Q3) Distinguish between social influence and persuasion.
Q4) Differentiate between health literacy and critical health literacy.
Q5) Define the term coping,and distinguish between problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping.
Q6) Describe the three types of health prevention outlined in the health chapter.
Q7) Differentiate between the biomedical model and the biopsychosocial model.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Applying Social Psychology to Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) List two strategies educators have used to counter self-handicapping in the classroom setting.
Q2) Research reveals that students will be more intrinsically motivated and be more engaged in learning when the classroom environment has which of the following characteristics?
A) many external incentives and is not too controlling
B) many external incentives and learning is teacher-directed
C) few external incentives and learning is self-directed
D) few external incentives and learning is teacher-directed
Q3) One common and effective peer-assisted learning technique is the ______.
A) interactive small-group achievement method
B) jigsaw classroom learning technique
C) academic social-networking technique
D) teacher-student collaboration method
Q4) Which of the following probably will NOT hinder children's school performance?
A) giving students gold stars for correct answers
B) assigning grades
C) having a competition to see who can read the most books in a month
D) telling a student that she or he did well
Q5) Describe Festinger's social comparison theory.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Applying Social Psychology to Organizations
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69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define motivation,and differentiate between need theories of motivation and process theories of motivation.
Q2) Which of the following is false? Research on factors that influence a supervisor's causal attributions concerning an employee's work performance has found that
A) a supervisor is more likely to attribute an employee's poor performance to internal factors than to external factors
B) supervisors' reactions to the poor performance of employees are directly related to their attributions in that the more internal the attribution, the more likely they are to recommend disciplinary action
C) if an employee's high level of performance is attributed to effort rather than to ability, a supervisor will give the employee a more positive performance appraisal
D) a supervisor is more likely to attribute an employee's poor performance to external factors than to internal factors
Q3) Describe the persuasive argument theory.
Q4) Define communication,and identify the components of the communication process.
Q5) Explain what is meant by the term groupthink.
Q6) Explain what is meant by group polarization,and discuss its link to groupthink.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Applying Social Psychology to the Criminal Justice System
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Generic prejudice refers to a juror believing that there is such strong community sentiment supporting a particular outcome of the case that his or her ability to decide the case impartially based on the evidence becomes compromised in favor of the perceived normative attitude.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain what is meant by the cross-race effect.
Q3) Specific prejudice occurs when a juror holds attitudes or beliefs that might interfere with his or her ability to be impartial in a particular case.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Stay'n Out program
A) is designed for prisoners with substance abuse problems
B) consists of two stages: treatment and consolidation/re-entry
C) is designed for all prisoners to help them with their journey to rehabilitation
D) is designed for prisoners with lying problems
Q5) Describe the social ecological perspective used to examine criminal acts.
Page 13
Q6) Explain what a therapeutic community is,and outline the core concept behind it.
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Chapter 12: Applying Social Psychology to the Community
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61 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the approaches in community psychology involves an ecological perspective.An ecological perspective entails examining
A) the effect of landscape on human functioning
B) the fit between people and their environments
C) how people are affected by their interaction with animals
D) how humans overcome challenges associated with natural environments
Q2) Intersectionality refers to
A) the dangers of crossing the street, caused by distracted drivers
B) the different identity categories people occupy
C) methods used to conceal oneself while engaged in field research
D) the primary method to overcome the diffusion of responsibility
Q3) According to Milgram (1970),the stimulus overload that occurs in cities,in particular,leads to ______.
A) increased crime
B) diffusion of responsibility
C) social degeneration
D) psychological retreat
Q4) The text outlines that a community is not limited to a physical presence.Explain this statement in relation to the Internet as a community.
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Chapter 13: Applying Social Psychology to the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best exemplifies a potential tragedy of the commons?
A) Everyone shows up at the party wearing the same pink shirt.
B) Nobody cleans the lake after pollutants are accidentally spilled in it.
C) Multiple shepherds allow their sheep to graze on a plot of land.
D) A rainforest is cut down to build housing.
Q2) According to the text,resource dilemmas
A) are rarely fatal because of the tendency for resources to replenish themselves
B) are almost always fatal because humans are greedy creatures
C) may not be fatal because of the cognitive capacity of humans to solve problems
D) have always been fatal in the past
Q3) Explain what is meant by matching,and differentiate between alpha matching and beta matching.
Q4) Which is NOT one of the main categories of factors that have been found to influence cooperation in commons dilemmas?
A) nature and characteristics of the resource
B) concurrent influence of other environmental variables
C) social conditions or rules surrounding harvesting
D) characteristics of the people doing the harvesting
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Applying Social Psychology to Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Conflict may occur when people or groups have ______ interests.
A) competitive
B) uncooperative
C) similar
D) constructive
Q2) The text outlines a total of 10 values associated with Schwartz's values framework.List these values.
Q3) Hofstede (2002)suggests that culture is like the ______ of the mind.
A) hardware
B) CPU
C) software
D) keyboard
Q4) A group that has built-in diversity as a result of the different strengths and talents of its members is said to have ______ diversity.
A) functional
B) productive
C) background
D) innovative
Q5) Describe the theory of relative deprivation.
Q6) Differentiate between the terms sex and gender.
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Chapter 15: Applying Social Psychology to Personal Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) In applying attachment styles to your life,the authors of Chapter 15 ("Personal Relationships")state that
A) individuals should seek partners whose attachment styles complement their own styles (e.g., preoccupied and dismissing)
B) whereas moderate change in attachment styles can occur, it seldom is possible to change from an insecure attachment style to a secure one
C) early in interactions with others, individuals should be sure to communicate their attachment needs
D) later in interactions with others, individuals should be sure to communicate their attachment needs
Q2) The text describes a study called the T-Shirt study,which examined physical attractiveness and mate selection,among other things.Describe the findings of the study.
Q3) In individualistic cultures,where community cooperation is valued more than individual distinction,a potential mate is especially prized for practical virtues,such as possessing money and household management skills.
A)True
B)False
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Applying Social Psychology to the Classroom
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Sample Questions
Q1) Differentiate between individualism and collectivism.
Q2) Which of the following is true?
A) Baumeister and Cairns (1992) found that people paid less attention to unfavorable information about themselves.
B) Baumeister and Cairns (1992) found that people remembered less favorable information about themselves than favorable information.
C) Baumeister and Cairns (1992) found that people paid more attention to and remembered more favorable information about themselves than unfavorable information.
D) Campbell (1986) found that people tend to convince themselves that their bad traits are unusual and their good traits are common in others.
Q3) As a means of reducing the negative classroom consequences of ______,students and instructors should be encouraged to recognize that they share common academic goals.
A) the overjustification effect
B) the fundamental attribution error
C) social categorization
D) the self-serving bias
Q4) Explain what is meant by the overjustification effect.
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Chapter 17: Applying Social Psychology to the Good Life: Balancing Optimism and Pessimism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT true of positive psychology?
A) It focuses on optimal human functioning and the positive side of life more generally.
B) It includes the study of how social phenomena, such as institutions, help to promote positive outcomes.
C) It focuses on how well-being can be promoted through interventions at various levels of the social environment.
D) It focuses on how well-being can be promoted through testing at a specific level of the built environment.
Q2) The optimism-pessimism self-assessment inventory in Chapter 17 ("Applying Social Psychology to the Good Life")did NOT allow a respondent to receive a score on his or her anticipated ______.
A) romantic relationships
B) medical health
C) academic performance
D) job
Q3) Describe,in detail,what is meant by balance as tempered view and balance as contextual sensitivity.
Q4) Differentiate between problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping.
Page 19
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