Community Psychology
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Community Psychology explores the relationships between individuals and their wider social environments, emphasizing collaborative approaches to understanding and addressing social issues. This course covers key concepts such as empowerment, prevention, social justice, diversity, and the promotion of well-being at the community level. Students will examine how psychological principles can be applied to create positive change within communities, analyze systemic factors that impact mental health, and learn methods for community assessment, intervention, and evaluation. Through case studies and participatory projects, students acquire skills to work effectively within diverse communities to promote equity and collective well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Applied Social Psychology 3rd Edition by Jamie A. Gruman
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17 Chapters
989 Verified Questions
989 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Defining the Field of Applied Social Psychology
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66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In having boys work toward superordinate goals,Sherif (1966)was concerned primarily with which goal of science?
A) improving quality of life
B) control
C) determination of cause
D) explanation
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following are NOT approaches to applied social psychology?
A) the social cognition approach and the critical approach
B) the engaged research approach and the behavioral approach
C) the critical approach and the engaged research approach
D) the engaged research approach and the social cognition approach
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following guides the decisions made by applied social psychologists and scientists in their work?
A) personal values
B) merit
C) equality
D) equivalence
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Social Psychological Theory
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in the scientific process?
A) creating specific hypotheses
B) observation
C) theory development
D) registering the research study
Answer: D
Q2) ______ is the process of moving from the specific to the general.
A) Deduction
B) Reasoning
C) Induction
D) Theory development
Answer: C
Q3) One function of a theory is to guide intervention.This function is most related to ______.
A) observation
B) creating hypotheses
C) application
D) objectivity
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Research Methods in Applied Social Psychology
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65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ______ questions are used to collect demographic data.
A) Attitude
B) Behavior
C) Constructed
D) None of these
Answer: D
Q2) Independent variables usually have at least ______ level(s).
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
Answer: B
Q3) Gathering data from a 50-year-old census report is an example of what category of observation,as reported in the text?
A) historical
B) retrospective
C) indirect
D) external
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Intervention and Evaluation
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Q1) The authors of Chapter 4 ("Intervention and Evaluation")note that intervention design is
A) a collaborative process
B) always led by a researcher
C) incomplete unless qualitative research methods are employed
D) not constrained by legal considerations
Q2) When Sherif (1966)set out the rationale for why conflict between groups of boys would be reduced through cooperating in the attainment of superordinate goals,he was articulating a(n)______.
A) intervention hypothesis
B) intervention theory
C) program logic model
D) strategy plan
Q3) A program logic model is fundamental to evaluations and interventions.Explain what a program logic model is,and list the core components.
Q4) A program logic model is a necessary tool to consult when doing a thorough evaluation of an intervention.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Applying Social Psychology to Clinical and Counseling Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the qualitative study by Smith and Rhodes (2015),participants were asked to describe what it was like being depressed.The researchers interviewed seven people about their experience of being depressed and looked for commonalities in their experiences.This form of research is an example of ______.
A) grounded theory
B) case study
C) phenomenology
D) survey research
Q2) The factor that appears to be the most direct cause of social anxiety is ______.
A) self-presentational motivation
B) self-monitoring
C) social self-efficacy
D) negative outcome expectancies
Q3) A series of studies by Catalino,Furr,and Bellis (2012),which tested the ideas behind self-presentation theory,suggested that social anxiety is,in fact,produced by
A) self-presentation motivation but not social self-efficacy
B) social self-efficacy but not self-presentation motivation
C) neither social self-efficacy, nor self-presentation motivation
D) both social self-efficacy and self-presentation motivation
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Applying Social Psychology to Sports Teams
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Tom plays rugby,his primary concern is to beat the other team.However,his teammate Rich is more concerned about giving his all during the game and trying to always play better than he played in the previous game.Tom has a(n)______ goal orientation,and Rich has a(n)______ goal orientation.
A) process; outcome
B) performance; outcome
C) performance; process
D) outcome; performance
Q2) Which of the following is most accurate?
A) Task cohesion correlates more strongly with team confidence than does social cohesion.
B) Social cohesion correlates more strongly with team confidence than does task cohesion.
C) Task cohesion and social cohesion correlate approximately equally with team confidence.
D) Neither task cohesion nor social cohesion correlates with team confidence.
Q3) As discussed in the text,self-confidence is an important factor in sports teams.Researchers have distinguished between self-efficacy and collective efficacy.Differentiate between the two.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Applying Social Psychology to the Media
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57 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Susan has just watched 3 consecutive hours of violent TV.Which of the following is most likely to occur?
A) Susan will demonstrate heightened physiological response to real violence.
B) Susan will demonstrate less physiological response to violence in general.
C) Susan will demonstrate heightened physiological response to media violence.
D) Susan will demonstrate heightened physiological response to kindness.
Q2) Most of the research on Bandura's social cognitive theory has focused on which of the following elements?
A) representational processes
B) imitative processes
C) attention
D) motivational processes
Q3) With respect to the media,framing refers to
A) the angle of a story, or how it is presented
B) the stories that immediately precede and follow a target story
C) things such as the font size and placement of a story, which make it more or less attractive to readers
D) ensuring that a story has a distinct beginning, middle, and end that promote a particular agenda
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Chapter 8: Applying Social Psychology to Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is true with respect to the transtheoretical model?
A) It is also known as the steps-in-health-attainment model.
B) Maintenance refers to the period immediately after the individual first shows the desired behavior change.
C) Heath interventions usually are most effective when directed toward people in the preparation stage.
D) Relapse always occurs in the first stage of the model.
Q2) Which model or theory,in particular,informs us about what individuals to target for a health change intervention?
A) transactional model
B) transtheoretical model
C) health belief model
D) theory of planned behavior
Q3) Place the five stages of the transtheoretical model in temporal order (from earliest to latest).
A) precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
B) preparation, precontemplation, contemplation, action, maintenance
C) precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, maintenance, action
D) preparation, precontemplation, contemplation, maintenance, action
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Applying Social Psychology to Education
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the relationship between academic self-concept and academic achievement?
A) Academic self-concept causes academic achievement.
B) Academic achievement causes academic self-concept.
C) Academic self-concept is unrelated to academic achievement.
D) Academic self-concept and academic achievement are reciprocally related.
Q2) Rosenthal and Jacobson's (1968)"Pygmalion in the Classroom" study,in which the IQ scores of "bloomers" increased significantly in comparison with their classroom peers,is an example of ______.
A) upward social comparisons
B) a self-fulfilling prophecy
C) cognitive dissonance theory
D) self-justification theory
Q3) According to the text,which of the following cooperative learning strategies has been shown to reduce conflict and other antisocial behaviors among students by promoting greater tolerance of diversity,empathy and compassion for others,and self-esteem?
A) student teams-achievement divisions
B) norm salience technique
C) jigsaw classroom technique
D) positive role modeling technique
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Chapter 10: Applying Social Psychology to Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) ______ occurs when particular individuals exert influence on the goal achievement of others in an organizational setting.
A) Work motivation
B) Social influence
C) Power
D) Leadership
Q2) With selective perception,people learn to automatically filter out what they consider to be unnecessary information.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The process of assigning a cause to a behavior is called the attribution process.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Schemas are mental structures that people use to organize their knowledge about the social world around themes or subjects.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain what is meant by group polarization,and discuss its link to groupthink.
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Chapter 11: Applying Social Psychology to the Criminal Justice System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jury size,juror impartiality,and inadmissible evidence all influence interpersonal dynamics and decision making of key players in court cases.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Forensic confirmation bias occurs when a prior expectation about the guilt (or innocence)of a suspect influences a witness's judgments and perceptions toward new evidence in a confirmatory manner.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The text outlines a relationship between an antisocial peer group and criminal behavior.Drawing on the work of Andrews and Bonta (2002),describe two ways that peers can influence criminal behavior.
Q4) Jurors,like everyone else,are not impartial.Name the four types of bias faced by jurors,and explain two in depth.
Q5) Explain what a therapeutic community is,and outline the core concept behind it.
Q6) Describe the general personality and social psychological model of criminal behavior.
Q7) Describe the social ecological perspective used to examine criminal acts.
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Chapter 12: Applying Social Psychology to the Community
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Sample Questions
Q1) Community psychology focuses on the relationship between individuals and communities by integrating research and action.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Community psychologists effect change by prioritizing the main goal,which is to overcome emotional and psychological barriers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Social change researchers have to be particularly careful about the ethical implications of their research.In the child restraint study conducted by Jason and Rose (1984),what ethical risk did the researchers take?
A) They only sent the letter to half of the state senators.
B) They only investigated the use of car seats by children under five.
C) They only conducted the study in one state.
D) They only conducted two studies.
Q4) Describe the social exchange theory referred to in the text.
Q5) Community psychologists endorse particular values and approaches.Describe three of them in detail.
Q6) Explain what is meant by the term intersectionality.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Applying Social Psychology to the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is true?
A) In an influential 1968 article in Science, Hardin affirmed that commons dilemmas would in the short-to-moderate term be harmful to the planet, but in the long term, the human capacity to adapt would prevail.
B) Lloyd (1937/1968) identified a serious flaw in Smith's (1776/1976) economics theory-the flaw being that Smith assumed that natural resources are virtually unlimited.
C) When the supply of a resource seems small or limited, individuals seem to feel free to exploit the resource as much as possible.
D) Lloyd recognized that many resources are, in fact, infinite and unlimited.
Q2) Which is NOT one of the main categories of factors that have been found to influence cooperation in commons dilemmas?
A) nature and characteristics of the resource
B) concurrent influence of other environmental variables
C) social conditions or rules surrounding harvesting
D) characteristics of the people doing the harvesting
Q3) Explain what is meant by tragedy of the commons,and describe the classic example of a commons dilemma.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Applying Social Psychology to Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rahim and Bonoma (1979)suggest that interpersonal conflict management approaches can be understood by considering the dimensions of
A) concern for self and concern for others
B) long-term orientation and short-term orientation
C) personal focus and social focus
D) individualism and collectivism
Q2) Describe the theory of relative deprivation.
Q3) Hofstede (2002)suggests that culture is like the ______ of the mind.
A) hardware
B) CPU
C) software
D) keyboard
Q4) Conflict may occur when people or groups have ______ interests.
A) competitive
B) uncooperative
C) similar
D) constructive
Q5) Someone with an individualistic orientation to life is called an allocentric.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Applying Social Psychology to Personal Relationships
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Q1) The text describes a study called the T-Shirt study,which examined physical attractiveness and mate selection,among other things.Describe the findings of the study.
Q2) Separation distress refers to attention focused on the lost other and extreme discomfort at that person's inaccessibility.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the physical attractiveness stereotype.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT true concerning research on regret?
A) Research on regret shows that people's greatest regrets in life involve mistakes.
B) Research on regret shows that people's greatest regrets in life involve missed opportunities in close social relationships, such as missing out on time with family or cheating on a romantic partner.
C) Research supports the importance of close social relationships for well-being and the lifelong impact of losing.
D) Research on regret shows that people's greatest regrets in life involve missed opportunities in nonsocial domains, such as work or school.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Applying Social Psychology to the Classroom
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Sample Questions
Q1) Differentiate between individualism and collectivism.
Q2) Growing up in an individualistic culture predisposes people to look for personal internal explanations for behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to the principle of the self-serving bias,we have a tendency to attribute our positive outcomes to internal causes (e.g.,our traits or characteristics)but to attribute our negative outcomes to external causes (e.g.,chance or difficulty of a task).
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sometimes instructors play the devil's advocate by introducing ideas they do not personally endorse.When this occurs,students may be especially vulnerable to ______.
A) the self-serving bias
B) belief perseverance
C) the fundamental attribution error
D) out-group bias
Q5) Define belief perseverance.
Q6) Identify three types of errors that result from self-perception.
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Chapter 17: Applying Social Psychology to the Good Life: Balancing
Optimism and Pessimism
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Q1) Define hope,and identify the two ways of thinking that give rise to hope.
Q2) Research suggests that optimism and pessimism are
A) unrelated
B) two ends of a single continuum
C) distinct systems that exist on two independent poles
D) dominant in allocentric individuals
Q3) Attribution retraining interventions are coaching exercises that involve disputing pessimistic causal attributions (i.e.,maladaptive attributions)and replacing them with optimistic attributions (i.e.,adaptive attributions).
A)True
B)False
Q4) An attribution refers to giving credit for something good to someone from your in-group and laying blame for something bad on someone from your out-group. A)True B)False
Q5) Optimism has been found to facilitate social,psychological,and physical adjustment. A)True
B)False
19
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