Community Policing
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Community Policing examines the philosophy, strategies, and practices that strengthen partnerships between law enforcement agencies and the communities they serve. The course explores the historical development and theoretical foundations of community policing, emphasizing proactive problem-solving and collaborative efforts to address crime, fear, and social disorder. Students will analyze case studies, assess the impact of community engagement on public safety, and learn about the roles of communication, cultural competence, and trust-building in fostering positive police-community relationships. Through practical applications and critical discussions, the course prepares students to participate in or design effective community policing initiatives that promote safer, more inclusive neighborhoods.
Recommended Textbook
The Police in America An Introduction 8th Edition by Samuel Walker
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Police and Society
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Q1) A police officer is also known as a
A)correctional officer.
B)magistrate.
C)citizen patrol.
D)FBI Agent.
E)peace officer.
Answer: E
Q2) Problem-oriented policing represents a(n) _________________ approach.
A)reactive
B)proactive
C)tactical
D)intellectual
E)academic
Answer: B
Q3) Police are the ___________ of the criminal justice system.
A)innovators
B)gatekeepers
C)regulators
D)CEO's
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: The History of the American Police
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Q1) One of the most dramatic expressions of the new police subculture was the emergence of police unions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The "father of modern policing" is Robert Peel.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) American policing is a product of
A)American expansion.
B)English heritage.
C)Medieval history.
D)European descendants.
Answer: B
Q4) The first America police departments wore bright red uniforms.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: The Contemporary Law Enforcement Industry
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Q1) Federal law establishes a minimum police-population ratio for the country.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) What factors have contributed to the eradication of most of a constable's function?
A)budget cuts and lack of public interest
B)community policing developments and crime growth
C)the development of the criminal justice system
D)urbanization and growth of city departments
Answer: D
Q3) The standard measure for the level of police protection in a community is the sworn officer-citizen ratio.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The constable is an office whose roots can be traced back to the early 1900s.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Police Organizations
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Q1) What is the underlying premise of contingency theory?
A)The idea that organizations are created and structured to achieve specific goals.
B)The belief that police organizations are social institutions.
C)The idea that police organizations are dependent on others for resources.
D)The idea that organizations are only effective under strict management.
Q2) A police union is an
A)organization designed to inhibit the abilities of civil service agencies.
B)industry geared toward profiting from the low job satisfaction experienced by a majority of police officers.
C)organization legally authorized to represent police administrators in providing police officers with needed equipment.
D)organization legally authorized to represent police officers in collective bargaining.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of the impact of police unions?
A)an increase in citizen involvement in police politics
B)an increase in the funds available in grievance litigation
C)a reduction in the power of police chiefs
D)an increase in the power of police chiefs
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Chapter 5: Police Of cers I: Entering Police Work
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Q1) More females, African Americans, and Hispanics are being hired today then ever before.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Drug offenses pose the most difficult problem in hiring new officers with respect to recruitment standards.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The police academy experience serves which of the following functions?
A)It provides formal training.
B)It is the process for weeding out unqualified recruits.
C)It is a rite of passage into the police subculture.
D)all of these
Q4) Which of the following is a popular selection test used by local police departments?
A)personal interviews
B)criminal records checks
C)background investigations
D)all of these
Q5) What are the six responsibilities of the civil service agency?
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Chapter 6: Police Of cers II: on the Job
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Q1) A result of public hostility and group solidarity is A)secrecy.
B)operational silence.
C)subculture.
D)blind conduct.
Q2) The authors write that common sense might suggest a one-to-one relationship between attitudes and behavior.That is, people who express prejudicial attitudes about race or gender will automatically behave in a discriminatory manner.Research indicates that the relationship between attitudes and behavior
A)changes depending on the minority encountered by police.
B)is different and complex.
C)has remained the same over the past 30 years.
D)requires more study since many incidents are still occurring in the U.S.
Q3) Community policing is a major effort to A)improve efficiency.
B)more effectively use community taxes.
C)use community informants to help solve crime.
D)improve police attitudes towards the public.
Q4) Describe the distinction Steve Herbert draws between active officers and passive officers.
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Chapter 7: Patrol: the Backbone of Policing
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Q1) What was one of the findings of the 1973 Kansas City Patrol Beat Experiment?
A)Lower levels of patrol did not lead to an increase in crime.
B)Citizens noticed the different levels of police patrol.
C)More patrol presence reduced crime.
D)Routine patrol has no effect on crime.
Q2) Differential response programs classify calls according to which of the following criteria?
A)order of calls received
B)level of seriousness
C)workload of officers
D)time of day
Q3) The emergency system of 911 was introduced by the
A)Houston police department.
B)Chicago police department.
C)Seattle police department
D)American Telephone and Telegraph Company.
Q4) Because of community policing, most patrolling done today is foot patrol.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain James Q.Wilson's three styles of policing.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Peacekeeping and Order Maintenance
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Q1) If someone calls the police about another person as a way of diverting attention away from his or her own behavior, this is termed
A)obtaining an emergency service.
B)counterpunching.
C)maintaining a social boundary.
D)relieving an unpleasant situation.
Q2) People often expect the police to remove someone they believe does not belong there. This expectation is called
A)obtaining an emergency service.
B)counter punching.
C)maintaining a social boundary.
D)relieving an unpleasant situation.
Q3) Law enforcement to regulated activities associated with public morality are called A)sex crimes.
B)street crimes against persons.
C)crime of vice.
D)morals crimes.
Q4) What are the four citizen expectations, as proposed by John C.Meyer?
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Chapter 9: The Police and Crime
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Q1) What are three reasons that a police officer might unfound a crime?
Q2) What is the function of the FBI's National DNA Indexing System (NDIS)?
A)to identify missing children
B)to store genetic evidence gathered from crime scenes and genetic information from convicted offenders
C)to store genetic material from murder victims
D)to support the Department of Homeland Security
Q3) When patrol officers interview many people in the neighborhood looking for witnesses, it is called
A)interviewing the suspects.
B)harassment.
C)directed investigation.
D)canvassing.
E)a routine activity.
Q4) What are the three major changes in investigations that have been inspired by community policing?
Q5) The police solve only 20 percent of all index crimes each year.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What are some of the myths about detective work?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Innovations in Police Strategy
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Q1) Which of the following is not expected of managers in community policing?
A)assisting neighborhood officers
B)facilitating training opportunities
C)counseling officers on political issues
D)focusing on issues of control through discipline
Q2) The defining feature of problem solving in community policing is:
A)requiring participants to respond to the problem itself.
B)requiring police to mobilize task forces to combat crime.
C)requiring communities to respond to criminal disorder.
D)requiring participants to identify underlying causes of problems.
Q3) Programs such as Neighborhood Watch, Operation ID, and Crime Stoppers are all a form of which strategy?
A)mobilization
B)disorder prevention
C)consultation
D)crime analysis
Q4) Describe the key characteristics of community policing.
Q5) Zero-tolerance policing focuses on specific types of behavior.
A)True
B)False
12
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Chapter 11: Police Discretion
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Q1) The benefit to engaging in systematic rulemaking rather than administrative rulemaking is that
A)it allows police to anticipate problems before they become a crisis.
B)it is more effective.
C)policies would not be in writing, thus leading to more discretion.
D)policies could be changed in response to crisis.
Q2) Which of the following is not one of the three basic strategies for controlling police discretion?
A)increased incident reporting and evaluation
B)regulation through written policy
C)abolishing it altogether
D)enhancing officer judgment
Q3) What is one of the most important functions of citizen oversight of the police?
A)police sanctioning
B)administrative rulemaking
C)policy review
D)systematic rulemaking
Q4) What are the four points mentioned in the text about discretionary decisions related to order maintenance made by patrol officers?
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Chapter 12: Legitimacy and Community Relations
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Q1) The two most important specific programs that police departments have adopted for improving police-community relations have been
A)creating police-community relations units and providing related training to officers.
B)creating race relations task forces and mobile race relation patrols.
C)creating citizens advisory boards and chief's race relations committees.
D)all of these
Q2) Whites are arrested more often than blacks relative to their numbers in the general population.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The practice of police stopping drivers because of their race or ethnicity and not because a legitimate law violation is commonly referred to as
A)racial profiling.
B)street profiling.
C)ethnic profiling.
D)cultural profiling.
Q4) What is the different between under-protection vs.over-enforcement?
Q5) What are the four dimensions of trust in policing?
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Chapter 13: Police Corruption
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Q1) Most police departments have initiated drug-testing programs to identify both applicants and currently employed officers who are using drugs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A "rotten pocket" exists when
A)police officers from different departments are working together to commit corruption.
B)only a few officers are independently engaged in corrupt acts.
C)several corrupt officers cooperate with one another within one department.
D)three to five officers work semi-independently, protecting each other.
Q3) The Knapp Commission concluded that, in many ways, the rotten-apple police-corruption doctrine had actually
A)attracted many morally inferior people to policing.
B)been an obstacle to meaningful reform meant to root out corruption.
C)led to the advent of police reform throughout the nation.
D)improved the hiring standards for police personnel.
Q4) What are the social-structural explanations of police corruption? Summarize each in detail.
Q5) What are the six costs of police corruption?
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Chapter 14: Accountability of the Police
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Q1) What are the key elements of the COMPSTAT program discussed in this chapter?
Q2) One of the central tasks of police management primarily falling upon the Sergeant is A)routine supervision.
B)delegation.
C)span of control.
D)mentoring.
Q3) The fact that only a small number of officers are accountable for a disproportionate share of citizen complaints led to the creation of what system?
A)the social control system
B)the performance evaluation system
C)the early warning system
D)the social work system
Q4) The Mapp and Miranda cases contributed to police accountability by
A)creating penalties for police misconduct.
B)creating the need for performance evaluations.
C)advancing the civil rights movement.
D)making police aware of criminals' rights.
Q5) What are the four goals of EI systems?
Q6) What are consent decrees, and what has been their impact on police departments?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: The Future of Policing in America
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Q1) The result of mobilizing police personnel into active military and military reserves has led to
A)reduced budgets.
B)personnel shortages.
C)demographic changes.
D)reduced hiring standards.
Q2) The crime analyst is responsible for which of the following?
A)gathering information coming to police
B)analyzing the data to determine patterns and trends in crime
C)presenting the information to the appropriate personnel
D)All of these are functions of the crime analyst.
Q3) The system used to more effectively and efficiently manage calls for service from the public is commonly referred to as
A)mobile computing dispatch.
B)computer aided dispatch.
C)technology aided dispatch.
D)integrated systems dispatch.
Q4) Deborah Osborne and Susan Wernicke describe three of the most common types of crime analysis used by police agencies.Describe each of those types of crime analysis in detail.
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