Colonial and Revolutionary America
Final Exam
Course Introduction
This course examines the history of North America from the early period of European colonization through the American Revolution, exploring the complex interactions among Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans. Key topics include the motives and consequences of colonization, the development of regional economies and societies, the evolution of colonial governance, and the growing conflicts that led to the struggle for independence. Students will analyze cultural exchanges, resistance and adaptation, and the formation of American identities, culminating in the revolutionary movement and the founding of the United States.
Recommended Textbook
The Brief American Pageant A History of the Republic Volume I To 1877 9th Edition by David
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Page 2
M. Kennedy
Chapter 1: New World Beginnings
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Q1) The settlement at Cahokia,near present-day St.Louis,Illinois,was
A) built by the Iroquois.
B) home to nearly twenty thousand people.
C) an important Pueblo settlement.
D) a massive temple at Tenochtitlán.
E) ruled by Moctezuma.
Answer: B
Q2) One of the most dramatic transformations in North American Indians' way of life after the Europeans arrived was the
A) Indians swift adaptation to urban existence.
B) use of the horse to create highly mobile hunting societies.
C) introduction of commercial trade in corn and potatoes with Europe.
D) overturning of Indians' previously matriarchal social structure.
E) steady growth in Indian population.
Answer: B
Q3) caravel
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Q1) In 1649,Maryland's Act of Toleration
A) was issued by Lord Baltimore.
B) abolished the death penalty.
C) gave freedom only to Catholics.
D) protected Jews and atheists.
E) extended temporary protection to Catholics.
Answer: E
Q2) The Virginia Charter guaranteed that English settlers in the New World would
A) receive land parcels of 40 acres each.
B) enjoy freedom of religion.
C) be entitled to establish a separate government from that of England.
D) retain the rights of Englishmen.
E) conduct trade only with England and those countries approved by the British government.
Answer: A
Q3) In many ways,North Carolina was the least typical of the five plantation colonies.Describe the unique features of colonial North Carolina,and explain why this colony was so unlike its southern neighbors.
Answer: NOT ANSWERED
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Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies,1619-1700
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Q1) Michael Wigglesworth
Answer: Michael Wigglesworth was a Puritan minister and poet who lived in the 17th century. He is best known for his poem "The Day of Doom," which was one of the most popular and widely read poems in colonial America. The poem was a vivid and terrifying depiction of the Day of Judgment and the fate of sinners, and it was used as a tool for religious instruction and conversion.
Wigglesworth's work is significant in the historical context of Puritanism in early America. "The Day of Doom" reflects the intense religious fervor and the emphasis on sin and salvation that characterized the Puritan worldview. It also provides insight into the religious and cultural climate of the time, as well as the methods used by Puritan ministers to convey their message to the community.
Overall, Michael Wigglesworth's "The Day of Doom" is an important literary and historical work that sheds light on the religious beliefs and practices of early American settlers and their impact on society.
Q2) "Bible Commonwealth"
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Chapter 4: American Life in the Seventeenth
Century,1607-1692
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Q1) How did the changing nature of Puritan theology and New England's affect New England society? How were the Salem witch trials related to these developments?
Q2) New Englanders' relationship to the land differed from that of Native Americans in all of the following ways EXCEPT for their shared
A) reliance on the technique of burning woodlands to restore forest growth.
B) belief in the right to own land.
C) sense of duty to improve the land.
D) efforts to reshape the land to meet their needs.
E) desire to build permanent settlements.
Q3) The early New England economy depended heavily on
A) slave labor.
B) manufacturing.
C) fishing, shipbuilding, and commerce.
D) tobacco.
E) dairy cattle and hogs.
Q4) the slave trade
Q5) Congregational Church
Q6) Chesapeake
Q7) hierarchy
6
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Q1) Describe how a uniquely African American culture formed in the southern colonies and what its distinguishing features were.
Q2) As the Revolution approached,Presbyterian and Congregational ministers,unlike Anglican clergy,generally
A) remained neutral.
B) supported rebellions against the Crown.
C) sided with the Anglican clergymen.
D) opposed the idea of revolution.
E) split on the issue of independence.
Q3) What distinguished slavery in the northern colonies in the eighteenth century?
A) It existed on a much smaller scale.
B) It did not exist at all.
C) It was an important part of the economy in New England, where most slaves worked in large gangs on plantations.
D) Slaves were forbidden from engaging in any activity besides agriculture.
E) Fear of slave rebellion led to several colonies banning the slave trade.
Q4) South Carolina came to rely on the importation of slaves more than other colonies as the eighteen century proceeded,yet it also sought to ban slave imports in 1760.Explain both elements of this seeming contradiction.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Duel for North America,1608-1763
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Q1) The Jesuit priests played a vital role in New France because of their
A) success in winning converts to Catholicism.
B) strong educational system they founded.
C) ability to establish peaceful relations with the Indians.
D) involvement in managing the fur trade.
E) exploration and work as geographers.
Q2) Queen Anne's War (War of Spanish Succession)
Q3) William Pitt
Q4) King George´s War (War of the Austrian Succession)
Q5) Treaty of Paris (1763)
Q6) Which of the following resulted from the peace arrangements that ended the French and Indian War?
A) France surrendered all of its territorial claims to North America.
B) Britain handed Florida over to Spain.
C) Spain ceded all of Louisiana, including New Orleans, to Britain.
D) France lost all its valuable sugar islands in the West Indies.
E) The British agreed to remove their fortresses from North America.
Q7) Ohio Valley
Q8) Pontiac's uprising
Q9) Jesuits
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Road to Revolution 1763-1775
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Q1) Which act of colonial resistance relied on exchanging letters to build a broad-based anti-British movement?
A) The Boston Massacre
B) The Boston and other tea parties
C) The committees of correspondence
D) The Sons and Daughters of Liberty
E) The Stamp Act Congress
Q2) What was the first Parliamentary law passed with the purpose of raising tax revenues in the colonies?
A) The Stamp Act
B) The Declaratory Act
C) The Townshend Acts
D) The Quartering Act
E) The Sugar Act
Q3) Stamp Act Congress
Q4) John Hancock
Q5) Declaratory Act
Q6) nonimportation agreements
Q7) Sons of Liberty
Q8) The Association
10
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Q1) Why did some Americans become Loyalists during the Revolution?
A) They resented their dependence on colonial governments for their livelihood.
B) They disliked the influx of ethnic or religious minorities to the colonies.
C) They feared enslavement by Patriot leaders.
D) They were elites who believed that independence would bring social anarchy.
E) They were British slaves who wanted to immigrate back to England.
Q2) Which statement about the Second Continental Congress is FALSE?
A) Delegates attended from all thirteen colonies.
B) There was strong sentiment for declaring independence from Britain.
C) It adopted measures to raise money and create an army and navy.
D) It sent new written appeals to the king and the British people.
E) The conservatives remained a strong force.
Q3) Richard Henry Lee
Q4) "political education"
Q5) Battle of Bunker Hill
Q6) Admiral de Grasse
Q7) Thomas Jefferson
Q8) Iroquois Confederacy
Q9) Thomas Paine
Q10) invasion of Canada Page 11
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Q1) Benjamin Franklin
Q2) Electoral College
Q3) republicanism
Q4) The world's first antislavery society was founded by
A) Thomas Jefferson.
B) Quakers in Philadelphia.
C) Baptists in New England.
D) Catholics in Maryland.
E) the Congregational church.
Q5) Great Compromise
Q6) Whose contributions to the Philadelphia Convention were so notable that he has been called the "Father of the Constitution"?
A) George Washington
B) Benjamin Franklin
C) James Madison
D) Thomas Jefferson
E) Patrick Henry
Q7) Shays's Rebellion
Q8) Daniel Shays Page 13
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Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State,1789-1800
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Q1) As a two-party political system took shape in the 1790s,newspapers
A) stayed clear of political conflict.
B) were increasingly ignored as irrelevant.
C) were outlawed by the Sedition Act.
D) helped to solidify and spread the new parties´ messages.
E) became the voice of the Jeffersonian Republican party.
Q2) Washington´s Farewell Address
Q3) According to the "compact theory" advocated by Jefferson and Madison, A) the federal government was the creation of the thirteen sovereign states.
B) the Constitution was solely the creation of the people.
C) Congress and the president had entered a compact not to expand federal power.
D) treaties signed with foreign powers could not overrule U.S. law.
E) Hamilton's use of the "necessary and proper clause" violated the Constitutional compact.
Q4) Virginia and Kentucky resolutions
Q5) Neutrality Proclamation
Q6) Why do Americans celebrate George Washington more than any other Founding Father? What were his most important accomplishments? Was he a uniquely important leader among a generation of brilliant statesmen like Alexander Hamilton,Thomas Jefferson,James Madison,and John Adams?
Page 15
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Chapter 11: The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic,1800-1812
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Q1) Orders in Council
Q2) Barbary States
Q3) Thomas Jefferson believed that his mission as president was to
A) return to the original spirit of the revolution.
B) end the republican experiment in government.
C) encourage the growth of the federal government.
D) end slavery.
E) support the establishment of a strong army and navy.
Q4) Lewis and Clark demonstrated the viability of
A) American settlement of the Great Plains.
B) an overland trail to the Pacific.
C) steamboat navigation of the Missouri and Columbia River systems.
D) using Indian guides.
E) developing harbors on the Pacific coast.
Q5) Assess the validity of the following statement: "The case of Marbury v.Madison was the single most important decision of the Supreme Court."
Q6) William Clark
Q7) James Monroe
Q8) "Revolution of 1800" Page 16
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Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge
of Nationalism,1812-1824
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Q1) Which of these men made the most important contributions to American nationalism after the War of 1812: John Marshall,James Monroe,Henry Clay,Andrew Jackson,John Quincy Adams? Why?
Q2) Oliver Hazard Perry
Q3) When the United States entered the War of 1812,it was
A) militarily unprepared.
B) allied with France.
C) united in support of the war.
D) fortunate to have a strong and assertive commander in chief.
E) clear what its political and military objectives were.
Q4) The British attack on Baltimore
A) resulted in another British victory.
B) was followed by the British invasion of Washington, D.C.
C) inspired the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner."
D) was turned back in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
E) led to the composition of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic."
Q5) peculiar institution
Q6) McCulloch v.Maryland
Q7) Gibbons v.Ogden
Page 18
Q8) Florida Purchase Treaty (Adams-Onis Treaty)
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Chapter 13: The Rise of a Mass Democracy 1824-1840
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Q1) Alamo
Q2) What was a positive aspect of the Bank of the United States?
A) Its officers' sense of responsibilities to society
B) Its respect for regional differences in American society
C) Its source of credit and stability which helped promote the nation's expanding economy
D) Its ability to expand and contract paper currency as needed
E) Its close ties to the U.S. Department of the Treasury
Q3) Which Native American group fought U.S.troops for seven years in an effort to hold onto their homelands?
A) Cherokee
B) Sauk
C) Seminole
D) Iroquois
E) Black Hawk
Q4) Bank War
Q5) "log cabin and hard cider" campaign
Q6) Why was southern opposition to the "Tariff of Abominations" so furious? Was the concern about the growth of federal power rational or irrational?
Page 20
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Chapter
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Q1) A major economic consequence of the transportation and market revolutions was
A) a lessening of the gap between great wealth and poverty.
B) a stabilization of the work force in industrial cities.
C) the declining significance of American agriculture.
D) an increase in living standards for all Americans.
E) the growing realization of the "rags-to-riches" American dream.
Q2) Assess the validity of the following statement: "The Erie Canal was the single most important accomplishment contributing to economic expansion prior to the coming of the railroad."
Q3) Samuel Slater
Q4) The "cult of domesticity"
A) gave women more opportunity to seek employment outside the home.
B) celebrated mothers as economic role models for their children.
C) restricted women's moral influence on the family.
D) glorified the traditional role of women as homemakers.
E) created unrealistic standards of beauty for American women.
Q5) Ancient Order of Hibernians
Q6) John Jacob Astor
Q7) "wage slaves"
Q8) Patent Office
Page 21
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Chapter 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture,1790-1860
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Q1) Which early-nineteenth-century American educator authored a popular reader for schoolchildren?
A) Horace Mann
B) William H. McGuffey
C) Ralph Waldo Emerson
D) Emma Willard
E) Mary Lyon
Q2) Second Great Awakening
Q3) Church attendance was still a regular ritual for ____ of the 23 million Americans in 1850.
A) one-third
B) one-half
C) three-fourths
D) less than one-fourth
E) two-thirds
Q4) Neal S.Dow
Q5) Henry David Thoreau
Q6) Lucretia Mott
Q7) The Age of Reason
Q8) Charles Grandison Finney
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Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery
Controversy,1793-1860
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Q1) Uncle Tom's Cabin was written by
A) Susan B. Anthony.
B) Lucretia Mott.
C) Harriet Beecher Stowe.
D) Margaret Fuller.
E) Harriet Tubman.
Q2) What was the relationship between slavery and racism in the pre-Civil War South? What did the existence of free blacks reveal about the character of American attitudes in both North and South?
Q3) Plantation owners generally treated their slaves as
A) worthless beings to be brutally whipped and beaten.
B) valuable capital assets to be used to generate profits.
C) "children" within the master's family.
D) potentially dangerous rebels.
E) a skilled labor force to be trained and educated.
Q4) Amistad
Q5) What explains the outburst of abolitionism after about 1830? Could slavery have been abolished peacefully before that time? Why or why not?
Q6) radical abolitionism
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Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy,1841-1848
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Q1) independent treasury
Q2) In his quest for California,President James K.Polk
A) openly threatened war with Mexico.
B) schemed behind the scenes to promote a revolution by the Californios.
C) was motivated by his knowledge of gold deposits there.
D) indicated his clear respect for international law.
E) first tried buying the province from Mexico.
Q3) In the presidential campaign of 1844,the Whig candidate Henry Clay
A) opposed the annexation of Texas.
B) called for immediate annexation of Texas.
C) favored both the annexation of Texas and its postponement.
D) ignored the issue of the annexation of Texas.
E) favored dividing Texas into several states.
Q4) Rio Grande
Q5) annexation of Texas
Q6) "Aroostook War"
Q7) Abraham Lincoln
Q8) Tariff of 1842
Q9) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
Q10) Manifest Destiny Page 24
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Chapter 18: Renewing the Sectional Struggle,1848-1854
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Q1) Stephen A.Douglas proposed that the question of slavery in the Kansas-Nebraska Territory be decided by
A) popular sovereignty.
B) making Kansas a slave territory and Nebraska a free territory.
C) the Supreme Court.
D) Congress at the time of application for statehood.
E) the winner of the next presidential election.
Q2) Winfield Scott
Q3) Daniel Webster
Q4) The Whig party became hopelessly divided in 1852 because
A) its southern and northern wings could not reach consensus on a platform.
B) its presidential nominee, Winfield Scott, was rejected by both northern and southern Whigs for being too sympathetic to slavery and too northern to be trusted.
C) its presidential nominee, William H. Seward, refused to endorse the Compromise of 1850.
D) its southern presidential nominee, John C. Calhoun, was flatly rejected by most northern Whigs.
E) its western wing was in revolt over the lack of funding for internal improvements.
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Chapter 19: Drifting Toward Disunion,1854-1861
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Q1) Along with the violence in Kansas,what other event inflamed sectional passions in May of 1856?
A) An attempt to assassinate Senator Charles Sumner by a slaver trader
B) A gathering of southern leaders in New Orleans to consider secession
C) The caning of Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner by South Carolina
Congressman Preston S. Brooks
D) Abraham Lincoln´s "House Divided" speech
E) A fist fight on the floor of the Senate between Stephen A. Douglas and Jefferson Davis
Q2) "Lame-duck" President James Buchanan believed that
A) southern states had a legal right to secede from the Union.
B) his duty was to protect federal installations from assault.
C) firm political and economic pressure would bring an end to secession.
D) secession was just a political tactic to enhance southern power in Congress.
E) the Constitution did not authorize him to force southern states to stay in the Union.
Q3) John J.Crittenden
Q4) Charles Sumner
Q5) Bleeding Kansas
Q6) New England Emigrant Aid Company
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Chapter 20: Girding for War: The North and the
South,1861-1865
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Q1) For both the North and the South,
A) the goal of stopping raids on their merchant shipping was critical.
B) skilled diplomacy enabled them to achieve their key objectives.
C) Britain or France's diplomatic recognition of the Confederacy would have been a critical factor.
D) the intervention of Mexico or Canada on the side of their enemy would have spelled defeat.
E) it was important to adhere to the letter and spirit of international law.
Q2) conscription law
Q3) The importance of the Border States became even greater when ____ was added to their number in 1861.
A) Nevada
B) Kansas
C) Delaware
D) West Virginia
E) Tennessee
Q4) Robert E.Lee
Q5) Fort Sumter
Q6) Alabama
Q7) Elizabeth Blackwell Page 28
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Chapter 21: The Furnace of Civil War,1861-1865
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Q1) The historic battle between the Merrimack (Virginia)and the Monitor
A) gave the North a decisive victory.
B) signaled the end of the era of wooden warships.
C) ended in relatively insignificant victory for the South.
D) revived the issue of impressment.
E) dealt a fatal blow to the Union naval blockade.
Q2) By war's end,nearly half a million slaves
A) escaped from Southern plantations.
B) fought for the Confederacy.
C) died due to Southern food shortages.
D) were sold by desperate Southern planters to slaveholders in Brazil.
E) served in the Union army.
Q3) In the Civil War,more than _____ men died,a loss of _____ of the entire nation's population.
A) 100,000; 0.5 percent
B) 500,000; 3 percent
C) 250,000; 1 percent
D) 1,000,000; 5 percent
E) 600,000; 2 percent
Q4) Battle of Bull Run (Manassas Junction)
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Q1) Freedmen's Bureau
Q2) carpetbaggers
Q3) Most radical Reconstruction regimes in the South
A) expanded the property rights of women
B) established land redistribution programs.
C) were dominated by African-Americans.
D) were paralyzed by graft and corruption.
E) refused to permit southern whites to hold office.
Q4) For ex-slaves,the Black Codes
A) drove them to leave the South in huge numbers.
B) meant a welcome system of employment.
C) provided much needed education.
D) represented a new start.
E) imposed terrible burdens of mistreatment and poverty.
Q5) President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction
A) was considerably harsher than Lincoln's.
B) guaranteed former slaves the right to vote.
C) required that all former Confederate states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
D) offered a large role to poor and working-class whites.
E) encouraged new Southern regimes that were dominated by the old planter elite.
Page 31
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