Colonial and Revolutionary America Test
Preparation
Course Introduction
This course explores the political, social, economic, and cultural developments in America from the early period of European colonization through the end of the Revolutionary era. Students will examine the diverse experiences of Indigenous peoples, European settlers, and enslaved Africans, as well as the complex relationships that shaped colonial societies. Key topics include colonial governance, religious movements, regional economies, and the causes and impact of the American Revolution. Through primary sources and scholarly analysis, the course provides a comprehensive understanding of how the colonial and revolutionary periods laid the foundations for the formation of the United States.
Recommended Textbook
The Brief American Pageant A History of the Republic Volume I To 1877 9th Edition by David M. Kennedy
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Chapter 1: New World Beginnings
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Q1) What occurred in the centuries after Columbus's arrival in the New World?
A) Europeans were ravaged by new diseases.
B) Native Americans were successfully cultivating the European crop of tobacco.
C) Native Americans had developed a taste for sugar.
D) The Apache and Sioux tribes were wiped out by warfare with European explorers.
E) Roughly 90 percent of the Native American population perished.
Answer: E
Q2) The native population of the two American continents in 1492
A) numbered about 54 million.
B) spoke interchangeable languages.
C) practiced a uniform religion.
D) existed almost exclusively as nomadic tribes.
E) were exclusively matrilinear.
Answer: A
Q3) caravel
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Q1) Where was the first English attempt at colonization?
A) Newfoundland
B) Florida
C) Jamestown
D) Roanoke Island
E) Massachusetts Bay
Answer: A
Q2) Who was Handsome Lake?
A) The leader of the Catawba Nation
B) A translator who saved Captain John Smith from execution
C) An Iroquois leader of the early 1800s who helped his nation revive its ancient customs
D) One of the founders of the Iroquois Confederacy
E) The tribal leader who negotiated the Treaty of 1646
Answer: C
Q3) "starving time"
Answer: Answers will vary.
Q4) Roanoke Island
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies,1619-1700
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Q1) King Philip´s War
Answer: Answers will vary.
Q2) During the early years of colonization in the New World,England
A) closely controlled its colonies.
B) maintained an excellent relationship with the Indians.
C) paid little attention to its colonies.
D) made sure all the colonies had royal charters.
E) began the importation of African slaves in large numbers.
Answer: C
Q3) What was significant about the document known as the Fundamental Orders,developed by Settlers of the Connecticut River colony?
A) It marked the beginning of the colony of Connecticut.
B) It established a regime democratically controlled by "substantial" citizens.
C) It set up a military alliance in New England.
D) It pleased King Charles I.
E) It supported a government controlled by all people.
Answer: B
Q4) "Bible Commonwealth"
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Chapter 4: American Life in the Seventeenth
Century,1607-1692
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Q1) Southern colonies generally allowed married women to retain separate title to their property because
A) of religious beliefs.
B) of English tradition.
C) southern men frequently died young.
D) southern families were stable.
E) of a smaller number of men than women.
Q2) Most African slaves were originally captured by ____,who traded them in crude markets to itinerant European and American flesh merchants.
A) Spanish and Portuguese slave hunters
B) African coastal tribes
C) English slave hunters
D) Dutch sailors
E) English sailors
Q3) Chesapeake
Q4) tidewater plantations
Q5) merchant-planters
Q6) Congregational Church
Q7) Nathaniel Bacon
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Chapter
5: Colonial Society on the Eve of
Revolution,1700-1775
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Q1) What is NOT a feature of the African American culture created by slaves out of New and Old World elements?
A) Gullah
B) "Negro" spirituals
C) The ringshout
D) The longhouse religion
E) A messianic focus among Christian slaves on Jesus as liberator
Q2) In colonial elections,
A) most eligible voters zealously exercised their right to vote.
B) the right to vote was reserved for property holders.
C) only a small landed elite had the right to vote.
D) average citizens were usually elected to office.
E) slavery came to be a dominant issue.
Q3) Gullah
Q4) royal colonies
Q5) Explain how the Great Awakening,an intensely religious movement,contributed to the greater unity of Americans across colonial lines as well as the separation of church and state.
Q6) "praying towns"
Q7) John Peter Zenger Page 7
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Chapter
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Q1) What larger issue drove the British and Spanish to war over one sea captain´s tale of woe in the War of Jenkins´s ear?
A) Territorial rivalry in Louisiana
B) Slave rebellion
C) Ill feeling bred by smuggling
D) Protestant immigration to Spanish Catholic colonies
E) Entanglements with Indian conflicts in Mississippi
Q2) Edward Braddock
Q3) Benjamin Franklin
Q4) Which event paved the way for France finally to join in the scramble for colonies in the New World?
A) Protestant takeover of the French government
B) Edict of Nantes that ended the religious wars
C) Accession of Louis XIV to the French throne
D) St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
E) Seven Years' War
Q5) Louis XIV
Q6) Iroquois
Q7) Edict of Nantes
Q8) Pontiac's uprising
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Chapter 7: The Road to Revolution 1763-1775
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Q1) Which group evolved to become the first American congresses?
A) The House of Burgesses
B) The intercolonial committees of correspondence
C) The admiralty courts
D) The Association
E) The nonimportation committees
Q2) What did advocates claim was essential to the success of a republican form of government?
A) A powerful central government
B) The absence of a permanent military establishment
C) A strong aristocratic tradition
D) The right of every citizen to vote
E) The willingness of all citizens to subordinate their private interests to the common good
Q3) Hessians
Q4) Townshend Acts
Q5) Stamp Act Congress
Q6) First Continental Congress
Q7) Baron von Steuben
Q8) Minute Men
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Q1) What pushed Britain to negotiate an end to the Revolutionary War?
A) The "Armed Neutrality" was planning to join the war effort on the American-French side.
B) There were indications that the Americans might settle for peace terms short of complete independence.
C) They were suffering heavy military losses against the French and Spanish elsewhere.
D) Their Indian allies on the American frontier abandoned them after Yorktown.
E) Their military strength in America had been completely crushed.
Q2) Greene´s Carolina campaign
Q3) Thomas Paine called not just for independence but for a republic where power
A) is passed down through inherited tradition.
B) is rooted in a belief in God.
C) comes from the people themselves.
D) is equally distributed among three branches of government.
E) belongs only to the educated.
Q4) Ethan Allen
Q5) Hessians
Q6) Battles of Brandywine Creek and Germantown
Q7) Nathanael Greene
Page 11
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Chapter 9: The Confederation and the Constitution,1776-1790
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Q1) Daniel Shays
Q2) The economic status of the average American at the end of the Revolutionary War was
A) better than before the war.
B) probably worse than before the war.
C) about the same as before the war.
D) closely tied to international economic developments.
E) dependent on government assistance and subsidies.
Q3) federalists
Q4) bill of rights
Q5) Thomas Jefferson
Q6) Why did the Founders largely avoid addressing the question of whether to end slavery?
A) They did not see it as a crucial issue for their new democracy.
B) They feared a fight over slavery might destroy national unity.
C) They were more concerned with securing equality for white men and women.
D) They expected that the North would come to rely more heavily on slave labor.
E) They knew the country depended on slavery and might not economically thrive without it.
Q7) "mobocracy" Page 12
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Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State,1789-1800
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Q1) How effectively did the Bill of Rights address anti-federalist concerns about individuals´ rights? How well did it allay fears concerning states´ rights?
Q2) During its first quarter-century as a nation,the major foreign policy problem facing the United States was
A) the rivalry and warfare between France and Britain.
B) the French and Spanish control of Louisiana and New Orleans.
C) the continued threat from the British in Canada.
D) the attacks on American shipping by the North African Barbary states.
E) the threat of international revolution spreading from France.
Q3) Miami Indians
Q4) Convention of 1800
Q5) Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A)XYZ affair,(B)Neutrality Proclamation,(C)Jay's Treaty,(D)the Convention of 1800 with France.
A) C, B, A, D
B) B, A, C, D
C) B, C, A, D
D) C, B, D, A
E) A, B, D, C
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Chapter
11: The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic,1800-1812
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Q1) Robert R.Livingston
Q2) What was peculiar about the election of 1800?
A) The Federalists won despite widespread anger at the Alien and Sedition Acts.
B) The Electoral College was caught up in a voter fraud scandal.
C) A strange deadlock led to the election being decided in the House of Representatives.
D) A technicality to a tie, which was broken by the Supreme Court.
E) The election provoked a fatal duel between Vice President-elect Burr and Alexander Hamilton.
Q3) Why did the United States avoid war with Britain in 1807 and again in 1809,but end up fighting in 1812? Why was the war so controversial and divisive from the outset?
Q4) The Non-Intercourse Act of 1809
A) declared a trade war on Britain.
B) replaced Jefferson´s blanket embargo on foreign trade with a ban on trade specifically with Britain and France.
C) outlawed any trade with Indians along the frontier.
D) prohibited the importation of all European luxury items.
E) closed American ports to European immigrants until the war in Europe ended.
Q5) Marbury v.Madison
Page 15
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Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge
of Nationalism,1812-1824
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Q1) One of the West's persistent political demands was for
A) a strong gold-back monetary system.
B) a stronger Bank of the United States.
C) cheap money issued by unregulated banks.
D) federal aid to agriculture.
E) a homestead act offering free land to settlers.
Q2) Assess the validity of the following statement: "The American military effort through most of the War of 1812 was ineffectual." How did political and military factors each contribute to America's problems in fighting the war?
Q3) "Butternuts"
Q4) One of the major causes of the panic of 1819 was
A) bankruptcies in manufacturing industries.
B) overspeculation in frontier lands.
C) stock market overspeculation.
D) the failure to recharter the Bank of the United States.
E) a drought that resulted in poor agricultural production.
Q5) Fletcher v.Peck
Q6) John Marshall
Q7) Tsar Alexander I
Q8) Erie Canal Page 16
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Chapter 13: The Rise of a Mass Democracy 1824-1840
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Q1) machine politicians
Q2) Andrew Jackson's inauguration as president symbolized the A) return of Jeffersonian simplicity.
B) newly won ascendancy of the masses.
C) dignity and decorum with which Jackson ran the White House.
D) aloofness with which Jackson treated his supporters.
E) growing evangelical temperance movement in American society.
Q3) The South Carolina state legislature,after the election of 1832,
A) voted to abolish all federal legislation, with regard to tariffs, as unconstitutional.
B) declared the existing tariff constitutional and part of South Carolina law.
C) was taken over by a majority of Federalists.
D) voted to secede from the union.
E) declared the existing tariff null and void in South Carolina.
Q4) Indian Removal Act
Q5) Tariff of Abominations
Q6) Alexis de Tocqueville
Q7) Was the Indian removal of the 1830s an inevitable tragedy,or the result of American frontier greed and racial prejudice? Could the Cherokees and others have stayed in the east if whites had accepted their "assimilation"?
Page 18
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Q1) How did women´s roles change in tandem with the expansion of the nineteenth-century economy? How did the use of women and girls in factory labor in some ways run against the general trend of the era and ideas about women's roles?
Q2) Eli Whitney
Q3) An outgrowth of the early factory system was
A) the growing class of "wage slaves" who suffered long hours and grim conditions in return for meager wages.
B) the growing divide between manufacturers and agriculturalists.
C) the decline of New England´s public school system.
D) the rise of a vibrant labor movement in the Northeast.
E) the decline of domestic service as servants left in droves to take up factory jobs.
Q4) The formation of businesses was made easier in the mid-nineteenth century by the A) wider acceptance of the ten-hour workday.
B) bonuses offered by state governments for factory construction.
C) legalization of labor unions.
D) passage of state free incorporation laws.
E) lowering of the capital gains tax.
Q5) Yellowstone Park
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Chapter 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture,1790-1860
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Q1) Ralph Waldo Emerson
Q2) Most of the utopian communities in pre-1860s America held ____ as one of their founding ideals.
A) sexual freedom
B) pacifism
C) religious fundamentalism
D) feminism
E) cooperative social and economic practices
Q3) The Second Great Awakening tended to
A) sharpen the lines between classes and regions.
B) open Episcopal and Presbyterian churches to the poor.
C) unite northern Baptists and Methodists against slavery.
D) draw the more prosperous and conservative eastern churches into the revivalist camps.
E) increase the influence of educated clergy.
Q4) Emily Dickinson
Q5) American Temperance Society
Q6) Brook Farm
Q7) "little red schoolhouses"
Q8) Mormons
Page 20
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Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery
Controversy,1793-1860
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Q1) David Walker
Q2) The voice of white southern abolitionism fell silent at the beginning of the A) 1790s.
B) 1820s.
C) 1830s.
D) 1840s.
E) 1850s.
Q3) Why did the North,on the whole,react negatively to the radical abolitionists? Did the abolitionist arguments really affect northern public opinion?
Q4) planter aristocracy
Q5) radical abolitionism
Q6) Elaborate on the authors' comment that with the invention of the cotton gin,"the slave [was] ...chained to the gin and the planter to the slave."
Q7) Cotton Kingdom
Q8) black belt
Q9) "sold down the river"
Q10) John Quincy Adams Page 21
Q12) Nat Turner
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Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy,1841-1848
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Q1) Compare and contrast America's foreign policy relationships with Britain and Mexico in the 1840s.Why were most disputes with Britain able to be negotiated,while those with Mexico were not?
Q2) Britain was intensely involved with the Republic of Texas because
A) an independent Texas provided a check on Mexican power.
B) Texas could be an important alternative source of cotton.
C) Texas threatened British influence in Central America and northern South America.
D) British slave traffickers were looking for new areas to expand their trade.
E) the British navy wanted bases at Galveston and Corpus Christi.
Q3) One consequence of the Mexican War for the United States was
A) increased international respect for its victorious armed forces.
B) a quenching of the expansionist thirst for the next several years.
C) a newfound appreciation for Mexican culture and the Spanish language.
D) an unforeseen plague of boll weevils that spread from former Mexican territories to Gulf state plantations.
E) the imminent death of the Democratic party.
Q4) "joint occupation"
Q5) Californios
Q6) slavocracy
Page 23
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Chapter 18: Renewing the Sectional Struggle,1848-1854
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Q1) During the debates leading to the Compromise of 1850,a great trio of elder statesmen had their last moment together on public stage.Who were they?
A) John Quincy Adams, John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster
B) Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, and Daniel Webster
C) John C. Calhoun, Henry Clay, and Daniel Webster
D) Henry Clay, Noah Webster, and James K. Polk
E) John C. Calhoun, Henry Clay, and Stephen A. Douglas
Q2) Stephen A.Douglas
Q3) Millard Fillmore
Q4) To what extent was there a resurgence of Manifest Destiny in the 1850s? What were the goals of American diplomacy at the time?
Q5) To what extent were the underlying sectional tensions and occasional flare-ups of sectional strife in the late 1840s and early 1850s both a product and cause of weak national leadership?
Q6) To what extent did the building of the first transcontinental railroad linking the East and the West contribute to the wrenching apart of the North and the South?
Q7) Harriet Tubman
Q8) slave-catchers
Page 24
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Chapter 19: Drifting Toward Disunion,1854-1861
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Q1) According to the authors,the election of 1860 "was virtually two elections," involving three parties and four candidates who each claimed a significant number of popular votes.Explain this unusual turn of events.
Q2) Pottawatomie Creek massacre
Q3) John C.Frémont
Q4) border ruffians
Q5) Hinton R.Helper's book The Impending Crisis of the South argued that those who suffered most from slavery were
A) African Americans.
B) southern planters.
C) free blacks.
D) southern merchants and businesspeople.
E) nonslaveholding southern whites.
Q6) American (Know-Nothing)Party
Q7) The authors argue that despite Lincoln's election in 1860,the South "was not badly off." What do they mean? Why,in spite of this,did southern states secede?
Q8) "the despotic majority of numbers"
Q9) free homesteads
Q10) John Brown
25
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South,1861-1865
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Q1) Wartime inflation hit the _____ much harder,rising to as much as _____.
A) Confederacy; 150 percent
B) Union; 700 percent
C) Confederacy; 1,000 percent
D) Union; 5,000 percent
E) Confederacy; 9,000 percent
Q2) A supposed asset for the South at the beginning of the Civil War that never materialized to its advantage was
A) effective military leadership.
B) intervention by Britain and France.
C) the fighting skill of Southern males.
D) its ability to fight on its own soil.
E) its belief that it was defending its way of life.
Q3) The Union eventually found talented high-level officers
A) by turning to the top graduates of West Point.
B) drawing on the best products of its reserve officer training program.
C) by bringing in veteran Indian-fighters from the West.
D) by promoting generals with strong political connections.
E) through a costly process of trial and error.
Q4) martial law
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Q1) As a theorist of warfare,General William T.Sherman was
A) a master of the quick, surprising attack.
B) careful to avoid "collateral damage" to civilian lives and property.
C) a believer in siege warfare.
D) insistent on maintaining strict military discipline among his troops.
E) a pioneer of the strategy of total warfare aimed at destroying civilian morale.
Q2) After replacing his top generals several times,Lincoln finally found an effective commander in
A) Thomas J. Jackson
B) George B. McClellan.
C) George G. Meade.
D) Robert E. Lee.
E) Ulysses S. Grant.
Q3) The North's "victory" at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to A) issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
B) demand that Britain stop aiding the Confederacy.
C) force the Border States to remain in the Union.
D) keep General McClellan as commander of the Union forces.
E) suppress Copperhead opposition in the North.
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Chapter 22: The Ordeal of Reconstruction,1865-1877
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Q1) sharecropper farmers
Q2) Ku Klux Klan
Q3) In his "10 percent plan" for Reconstruction,President Lincoln promised
A) rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union.
B) former slaves the right to vote.
C) 10 percent of white Southern property would be confiscated.
D) severe punishment for Southern political and military leaders.
E) a law allowing 10 percent of blacks to vote.
Q4) Susan B.Anthony
Q5) The controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of the Confederate states to the Union demonstrated
A) that there were deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress.
B) the close ties that were developing between President Lincoln and the Democrats.
C) President Lincoln's desire for a harsh reconstruction plan.
D) that a Congressional majority believed that the South had never legally left the Union.
E) the Republicans' fear of re-admitting Confederate leaders to Congress.
Q6) Force Acts
Q7) Alexander Stephens
Page 28
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