College Student Services
Practice Questions
Course Introduction
College Student Services is a comprehensive course designed to explore the foundational theories, practices, and organizational structures that support student development within higher education institutions. The course covers topics such as student affairs philosophy, campus diversity, leadership, wellness, academic advising, career services, and co-curricular programming. Through examination of current trends, case studies, and ethical considerations, students will gain an understanding of how support services contribute to student success, engagement, and retention. This course prepares future higher education professionals to effectively administer, evaluate, and advocate for student-centered programs and services.
Recommended Textbook
Career Counseling A Holistic Approach 9th Edition by Vernon G. Zunker
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Chapter 1: Historical Development and Some Basic Issues
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Q1) Compare and contrast the ideas of Spokane, Sharf, Rounds and Tracey on the career information process.
Answer: Major Points
Spokane focused on information-seeking behavior, the cognitive process involved in assimilating career information, and the social restraints that restrict some individuals in the career search process.Rounds and Tracey suggest that information-processing skills are essential for making optimal career decisions.They recommended that counselors evaluate client skills in processing information during the career decision process.They also suggest that the timing of intervention strategies is essential to maintain productive and effective information-seeking process.Sharf believes that the counselors have the responsibility to know certain types of occupational information and specific sources of information.Counselors are to provide occupational descriptions including salary ranges, outlook, educational requirements, and where more information can be found about an occupation a client selects.
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Chapter 2: Theories of Career Development
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Q1) The ultimate goal of career counseling is achieved by facilitating the growth of information processing skills.
A)Trait and Factor Theory
B)Person-Environment Correspondence (PEC) Counseling
C)John Hollands Typology
Social Learning and Cognitive Theories
D)Krumboltzs Learning Theory of Counseling
E)Career Development from a Cognitive Information Processing Perspective
F)Career Development from a Social Cognitive Perspective
Developmental Theories
G)Life Space, Life Span Approach to Careers
H)Circumscription, Compromise, and Self-Creation
I)A Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations
J)Person-in-Environment Perspective
1. Career Construction: A Developmental Theory of Vocational Behavior
2. A Contextual Explanation of a Career
Answer: E
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Chapter 3: Career Counseling Models
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Q1) The trait-and-factor approach of career counseling incorporates:
A)the assumption that clients do not have unique traits that can be matched with requirements of occupations.
B)anon-actuarial method of predicting success in an occupation from the client's trait characteristics.
C)an actuarial method of predicting success in an occupation from the client's measured trait characteristics.
D)primarily subjective information.
Answer: C
Q2) Super (1990) suggested that counselors may need to use a variety of helping procedures in the career counseling process and may function as:
A)teachers and trainers.
B)therapists and teachers.
C)coaches and trainers.
D)mentors, coaches and teachers.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Integrating Career and Personal Counseling
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Q1) What is the integrated approach to psychotherapy?
Q2) The interaction of which three domains could elicit an anxiety response in a stressful situation?
A)Psychological, psychosomatic, physical
B)Biological, psychological, social
C)Biological, physical, cultural
D)Sociological, psychological, cultural
Q3) Does a client presenting with antisocial behavior meet the criteria for a full-blown psychological disorder?
A)Sometimes, not always
B)Never
C)Always
D)None of the above
Q4) Trait-oriented counseling, developmental counseling, social learning and cognitive counseling, and person-in-environment counseling are counseling strategies relating to which domain?
A)Culture
B)Affective
C)Cognitive-behavioral
D)Career
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Chapter 5: Career Counseling Intake Interview
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Q1) Discuss the ways in which a career counselor can establish and maintain rapport with clients.
Q2) Describe the four step sequence for an intake interview as suggested by Brown, Brown and Associates.
Q3) Name a most important stage in the career counseling process.
A)Client problem identification
B)Counselor problem identification
C)Gathering concrete statements
D)Circumstantial information
Q4) Counselors are to clarify client problems by:
A)Not specifying the conclusions but stating them in general terms
B)Specific concrete terms
C)Delaying the discussion of intervention strategies
D)Several possibilities of the problems and needs
Q5) It is necessary to be aware of cultural differences with respect to which of the following?
A)Restrictive emotions, confrontation issues and self-disclosure
B)Eye contact, touch, probing questions, space and distance and verbal styles
C)Focus on self-in-relation and self-in-context
D)All of the above
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Chapter 6: Using Standardized Tests and Self-Assessment in Career Counseling
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Q1) What reason is given for exercising caution when using standardized tests in America today?
A)Cultural diversity
B)Cultural homogeneity
C)Finances
D)Increase in population
Q2) The inventory consisting of three scales - Lack of Vocational Identity, Lack of Information or Training, and Emotional or Personal Barriers - is entitled:
A)Career Thoughts Inventory.
B)My Vocational Situation.
C)The Vocational Inventory.
D)Career Beliefs Inventory.
Q3) Who postulated, as early as 1956, that early personality development associated with family interactions influences vocational direction?
A)Super
B)Tiedeman and O'Hara
C)Roe
D)Holland
Q4) Briefly discuss why and how counselors use self-assessment procedures.
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Chapter 7: The Impact of New Technology on Work, Career Development, and Learning Platforms
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Q1) Intelligent tutoring systems and virtual reality are primarily designed for:
A)Skill development
B)Medical schools
C)Community colleges
D)Graduate schools of finance
Q2) Briefly describe what "Technology: a Lifelong Learning Tool" means in the text and how this impacts you as career counselor.
Q3) In a study of general satisfaction regarding computer-assisted career guidance among undergraduates at a medium-size Southern university, who found that students rated DISCOVER a worthwhile counseling intervention that helped them meet their career exploration needs?
A)Peterson, Ryan-Jones, Sampson, Reardon and Shahnasarian
B)Katz
C)Miller and Springer
D)Kapes, Borman, Garcia and Compton
Q4) Off-site training methods are often referred to as:
A)interactive learning.
B)individualized learning.
C)distance learning.
D)community college learning.
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Chapter 8: On Being an Ethical Career Counselor
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Q1) What is the difference between informed and free consent?
Q2) Ethical competence is assured:
A)When one presents evidence of their qualifications
B)When one has worked as a counselor for several years
C)When one is promoted as a staff member
D)When one has been hired for a counseling position
Q3) Briefly discuss the principles surrounding a client's right to privacy.
Q4) Which item is NOT listed by NCDA as a selected ethical standard for counselors?
A)An examinee's welfare, explicit prior understanding and agreement are the factors used when determining who receives the test results
B)It is not necessary to follow directions in the test manual at all times
C)Appropriate interpretation must accompany any release of individual or group test data
D)Computer-generated assessment administration and scoring programs need to function properly, thereby providing clients with accurate assessment results
Q5) What are some suggestions by NCDA for using the Internet to provide career information?
Q6) List and explain the ethical criteria that can determine counseling competence.
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Chapter 9: Career Counseling for Multicultural Groups
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Q1) Briefly discuss differences between individualistic and collectivistic orientations.
Q2) Paniagua (2005) suggests which relevant counseling procedures for African-Americans?
A)Discuss racial differences such as asking how the client feels about working with a white counselor
B)Avoid offering causal explanations of problems
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above
Q3) What are characteristics of culturally competent counselors?
Q4) Define the difference between conversational distances amongst European Americans and Latino's.
Q5) What term is used to describe how different cultures and societies deal with anxiety and stress?
A)Power distance
B)Masculinity
C)Uncertainty avoidance
D)Individualism/collectivism
Q6) Briefly discuss the significance of worldviews in multicultural counseling.
Q7) Discuss the differences between anxiety and depression.
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Chapter 10: Gender Issues and Dual Careers
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Q1) Compare characteristics of African American and Asian American men and identify related career counseling implications.
Q2) Who suggests that researchers should address the position that men and women are more similar than different?
A)Galliano
B)Brammer
C)Martin and Ruble
D)Kail and Cavanaugh
Q3) The fear men have of being considered feminine and openly expressive is attributed to what?
A)Industrialization
B)Gender role socialization
C)Admission of vulnerability
D)Communication
Q4) How does fear of femininity impact men's career development?
Q5) Briefly discuss some of the current specific career issues women face.
Q6) Describe how women's developmental patterns differ from men's.
Q7) Briefly discuss how fear of femininity affects men's career development.
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Q8) Identify and briefly discuss some of the issues facing dual career families.
Q9) What issues might be discussed with a dual career or dual earner couple?
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Chapter 11: Career Counseling for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Clients
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Q1) List and define the different types of workplace discrimination.How can counselors assist clients in dealing with discrimination?
Q2) Eldridge (1987), supported by Barrett and Logan (2002), suggested what strategies for counselors when dealing with LGBT clients?
A)Use gender-free language
B)Become familiar with models of LGBT identity formation
C)Identify a consultant who can provide helpful information or feedback from sexual minorities
D)All of the above
Q3) The number of companies and organizations supporting sexual minority associations has:
A)Recorded no significant changes
B)Increased
C)Decreased
D)Predicted more study for determining support
Q4) Identify the six stages of the model of Homosexual Identity Formation (HIF) and the general characteristics associated with those stages.
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Chapter 12: Career Counseling for Individuals With Disabilities
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Q1) Important intervention strategies to be used by counselors for people with disabilities include:
A)developing positive self-images.
B)developing theatrical skills.
C)developing interpersonal relationship skills.
D)both A and C.
Q2) What is the name of the act, signed into law on July 26, 1990, in America, dealing with Americans' disabilities?
A)American Disability Act (ADA)
B)Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
C)American Persons' Disabilities Act (APDA)
D)Disability Act of America (DAA)
Q3) Onset of disability in adulthood may require the counselor to:
A)Reintroduce the process of career development
B)Administer a battery of tests
C)Inform the client of local jobs available
D)Evaluate occupational knowledge
Q4) Describe postemployment services.
Q5) Describe how a person with a disability may view themselves.
Q6) Describe discriminatory employment practices prohibited by the ADA. Page 15
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Chapter 13: Job Loss and Transitions
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Q1) The Self-Directed Search is an inventory that yields scores regarding which areas?
A)Occupational daydreams, preferences for activities and competencies
B)Preferences for kinds of occupations and abilities in various occupations
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above
Q2) In addition to helping clients who have lost their jobs cope with personal problems associated with job loss, what other approach is used with regard to retraining workers?
A)Passive approach to retraining
B)A combination of aggressive and passive actions
C)Clients are only helped with personal problems associated with job loss
D)Aggressive action through job search techniques and retraining programs, along with methods of dealing with stress, anxiety and depression
Q3) The fastest growing jobs report for 2008 to 2018 suggests that:
A)Registered nurses will be number one
B)Engineers will top the list
C)Business executives will be first in demand
D)Medical doctors will be near the top of the list
Q4) Describe how some psychological effects of job loss can be very troublesome.
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Chapter 14: Career Development and Transitions of Working Adults
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Q1) An aspect of the biopsychosocial framework comprises biological forces, including:
A)all internal perceptual, cognitive, emotional, personality factors that affect development.
B)all genetic and health-related factors that affect development.
C)interpersonal, social, cultural and ethnic factors that affect development.
D)differences in how the same event affects people of different ages.
Q2) Which statement pertaining to the role leisure plays within work and leisure relationships is not accurate?
A)Individuals are to recognize that quality of life is associated with all life roles
B)Quality of life is attained through a more holistic approach to human and career development
C)A quality lifestyle is one in which there is a balance between time spent at work and time devoted to leisure activities
D)Secondary to the concerns of career counselors is the balance of life roles that gives clients the freedom for self-expression to enhance their needs
Q3) When and how are career anchors formed?
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Chapter 15: Career-Related Programs for Career Development in Elementary Schools
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Q1) Why is the advocacy role of elementary school counselors considered to be very important?
A)Career education is popular but needs to be emphasized
B)All school personnel are familiar with career development
C)Parents will automatically support career development programs
D)For gaining local support for career development interventions
Q2) Discuss the benefits of career development programs in elementary school.
Q3) Choose the incorrect statement pertaining to self-concept development.
A)Self-concept development is a static phenomenon and does not change
B)Self-concept development is not a static phenomenon but an ongoing process that changes sometimes gradually and sometimes abruptly as people and situations change
C)Self-esteem for some will be enhanced through academic achievement whereas others will experience both positive and negative feedback in peer-socialization activities
D)Enhanced self-esteem encourages development of personal ideas and opinions of a positive nature
Q4) Briefly discuss the multiple roles of the elementary school counselor.
Q5) Define infusion and give some specific examples.
Q6) Discuss the importance of play in elementary age children. Page 19
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Chapter 16: Career- Related Programs for Career Development in Middle School
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Q1) The increased emphasis on effectively locating and using career information and the expansion of students' vision of the future while developing an appreciation of the importance of work in our society is encompassed within which strategy or model?
A)Career infusion model
B)Career-planning strategy
C)Self-knowledge strategy
D)Educational and occupational exploration strategy
Q2) Describe the characteristics of a comprehensive school guidance program.
Q3) Mounts and Steinberg suggest what type of parenting style influences teenagers to be less susceptible to peer pressure?
A)Less authoritative
B)Aggressive
C)Authoritative
D)Passive
Q4) Describe the three core elements that must be present in school to work systems.
Q5) Briefly discuss the importance and consequences of peer relationships in middle school.
Q6) Identify several advantages of career centers.
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Q7) Describe how ones self-awareness and occupational knowledge are interrelated.
Chapter 17: Career-Related Programs for Career Development in High School and Beyond
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Q1) Community colleges offer courses for:
A)Only technology training and skill building
B)College credit in selected courses while one is in high school
C)Only basic freshmen and sophomore level courses
D)Only skilled trade courses that are in demand
Q2) Briefly explain some career-related programs in high school.
Q3) Briefly discuss the state of cognitive development and learning of adolescents in high school.
Q4) One of the career development programs currently used in universities that should increase in popularity is:
A)Visits by foreign industries to fill key jobs
B)Credit courses in career development for freshmen
C)Placement activities from the private sector
D)Providing students with actual work experience
Q5) Briefly explain some career-related programs in universities.
Q6) Discuss the changes in college placement that have evolved over the past 20 years.
Q7) Compare goals and related activities of intern and extern programs.
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Q8) Identify some ways that college impacts the career development and choices of college students.
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