Course Introduction
Cognitive Psychology Study Guide Questions
Cognitive Psychology explores the mental processes underlying human behavior, focusing on how people perceive, remember, think, speak, and solve problems. The course examines key topics such as attention, perception, memory, language, reasoning, and decision-making, integrating findings from psychological experiments, computational models, and neuroscience. Through both theoretical perspectives and practical applications, students gain a deeper understanding of the cognitive mechanisms that shape human experience and learn how these insights can be applied to areas such as education, clinical practice, and artificial intelligence.
Recommended Textbook
Learning and Behavior 7th Edition by James
E. Mazur
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13 Chapters
339 Verified Questions
339 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1768
Page 2
Chapter 1: History, background, and Basic Concepts
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35199
Sample Questions
Q1) The "simple cells" discovered by Hubel and Wiesel,which respond to lines of particular orientations,can be found in
A)the retina
B)the cornea
C)the visual cortex
D)the hippocampus
Answer: C
Q2) Studies with rats raised in enriched environments have shown that their brains
A)have larger synapses
B)have more branching of dendrites
C)are heavier
D)all of the above
Answer: D
Q3) B. F. Skinner used white rats in his early experiments because
A)they exhibit only the simplest learning abilities
B)they had been frequently used in medical research
C)he felt it did not matter what species he studied
D)none of the above
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Innate Behavior Patterns and Habituation
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) To qualify as a "human universal," a behavior must
A)be innate
B)be found in human cultures throughout the world
C)look exactly the same in human cultures throughout the world
D)all of the above
Answer: B
Q2) Habituation
A)can be observed in some one-celled organisms
B)can occur in the orienting response
C)can exhibit stimulus generalization
D)all of the above
Answer: D
Q3) Kandel's research on Aplysia has shown that the habituation of the gill-withdrawal response
A)always occurs in a single trial
B)dissipates with time
C)is completely different from habituation in higher organisms
D)all of the above
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The phenomenon of disinhibition provides one type of evidence that A)the intensity of the US affects the rate of conditioning
B)extinction does not result in the complete elimination of a conditioned response
C)conditioned responses often generalize to similar stimuli
D)the temporal relationship between CS and US is important
Answer: B
Q2) In taste-aversion learning,a novel taste is often used as the A)CS
B)CR
C)US
D)UR
Answer: A
Q3) If a person develops a taste aversion to shellfish because she got ill after eating some.If she also shows an aversion to other seafood,this is
A)generalization
B)discrimination
C)spontaneous recovery
D)conditioned inhibition
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Theories and Research on Classical Conditioning
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unlike the Rescorla-Wagner model,Mackintosh's theory of attention states that
A)subjects can learn to pay increased attention to informative CSs
B)subjects can learn to pay less attention to uninformative CSs
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b
Q2) According to the Rescorla-Wagner model,compared to a less salient CS,a more salient CS will receive
A)stronger conditioning
B)weaker conditioning
C)the same amount of conditioning
D)inhibitory conditioning
Q3) One phenomenon that taste-aversion learning shares with other types of learning is
A)generalization gradients
B)conditioned inhibition
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b
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6
Chapter 5: Basic Principles of Operant Conditioning
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Experiments that repeated the basic procedure of Skinner's superstition experiment found
A)no evidence that animals repeated similar behaviors trial after trial
B)evidence for adjunctive behaviors during the time between reinforce deliveries
C)evidence that one animal would learn a superstitious behavior by observing another animal
D)none of the above
Q2) The Brelands usually observed "instinctive drift" in their animals
A)early in training
B)after a response had been successfully learned
C)during extinction
D)when the animals were not highly motivated to work for food
Q3) If a response is reinforced,then reappears when another response is extinguished,this is called
A)spontaneous recover
B)resurgence
C)disinhibition
D)generalization
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Chapter 6: Reinforcement Schedules: Experimental
Analyses and Applications
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) On a variable-interval schedule,reinforcement is most likely after
A)a short interresponse time
B)a long interresponse time
C)rapid responding
D)steady responding
Q2) Performance on a reinforcement schedule can be greatly affected by
A)the rate of reinforcement
B)the quality of reinforcement
C)the amount of effort required to make the response
D)all of the above
Q3) Behavioral marital therapy can include
A)a contingency contract
B)behavior exchange
C)training in communication and problem-solving skills
D)all of the above
Q4) Rapid,steady responding is most typical of performance on a
A)fixed-ratio schedule
B)variable-ratio schedule
C)fixed-interval schedule
D)variable-interval schedule
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Chapter 7: Avoidance and Punishment
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Learned helplessness has been observed in A)dogs
B)cockroaches
C)the spinal cord
D)all of the above
Q2) If an inappropriate behavior appears to occur because it is reinforced by attention from others,the best behavior decelerator to use is probably
A)extinction
B)flooding
C)stimulus satiation
D)negative reinforcement
Q3) In a token system,if a person loses points for using bad language,this is an example of
A)differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
B)overcorrection
C)response cost
D)a technique that does not work
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9
Chapter 8: Theories and Research on Operant Conditioning
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In their experiments on the operant conditioning of heart rate,Miller and DiCara
A)were able to reinforce heart-rate increases
B)were able to reinforce heart-rate decreases
C)were able to control heart rate with a discriminative stimulus
D)all of the above
Q2) Studies in which an animal subject is driven in a cart through a maze have demonstrated that
A)no learning occurs unless the animal makes its own responses
B)the animals can learn a simple T-maze,but not a more complex maze
C)the animals can learn about mazes with several choice points
D)the animals form "cognitive maps" of the maze
Q3) Need-reduction theory cannot explain why
A)food is a reinforcer
B)water is a reinforcer
C)saccharine is a reinforcer
D)warmth is a reinforcer
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Chapter 9: Stimulus Control and Concept Learning
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following response rules is consistent with the absolute theory of stimulus control-
A)choose the greener of the two stimuli
B)of the three stimuli,choose the one of intermediate brightness
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b
Q2) According to the theory of Lashley and Wade,generalization is
A)an automatic by-product of the conditioning process
B)dependent on discrimination training along the relevant dimension
C)partly a and partly b
D)neither a nor b
Q3) A pigeon responds on a multiple schedule in which a VI 30-second schedule is in effect both when the response key is red and when the response key is green.Next,the schedule associated with the green key is changed to extinction.Which of the following changes in behavior would be an example of positive behavioral contrast-
A)an increase in response rate on the red key
B)a decrease in response rate on the red key
C)an increase in response rate on the green key
D)a decrease in response rate on the green key
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Comparative Cognition
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In his critique of research on animal language,Terrace argued that A)chimpanzees rely heavily on simple imitation of their trainers
B)chimpanzees use almost no consistent word order,or grammar
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b
Q2) The chimpanzee Washoe,who was taught American Sign Language by the Gardners,failed to
A)use the signs spontaneously,to initiate a conversation
B)learn signs for verbs
C)use a consistent word order,or grammar
D)learn more than about 20 signs
Q3) If a chimpanzee learns that A is larger than B,and B is larger than C,it may choose A when given a choice between A and C.This problem is a test of
A)analogical reasoning
B)transitive inference
C)prospective coding
D)serial pattern learning
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12
Chapter 11: Learning by Observation
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Various research findings suggest that parents who use physical punishment produce children who are more aggressive.Probably the best explanation of these findings is that
A)physical punishment does not work
B)aggressive behaviors are a special case,for which punishment is not effective
C)parents who use physical punishment serve as models for their children
D)aggressiveness is an inherited personality characteristic
Q2) If after observing a model,a cat performs a behavior it would have never learned on its own,this could be classified as an instance of
A)social facilitation
B)stimulus enhancement
C)true imitation
D)either a or b
Q3) Research on observational learning has shown an increase in actual suicides after suicides are seen
A)in television soap operas
B)in television news stories
C)in movies on television
D)all of the above
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Learning Motor Skills
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35210
Sample Questions
Q1) In a study in which subjects were blindfolded and tried to draw lines that were exactly 3 inches long,Thorndike found that
A)reinforcement was more effective than punishment
B)practice with reinforcement was more effective than practice without reinforcement
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b
Q2) The distinguishing characteristic of an open-loop movement is that it
A)involves a sequence of responses
B)is completed before the individual receives any feedback
C)typically includes several mid-course corrections
D)none of the above
Q3) According to the guidance hypothesis of motor learning,
A)physically guiding the learner's movements will improve long-term performance
B)physically guiding the learner's movements will impair long-term performance
C)giving feedback on every trial will improve long-term performance
D)giving feedback on every trial will impair long-term performance
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14
Chapter 13: Choice
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample
Questions
Q1) In phase 1 of a choice experiment involving concurrent VI schedules,a human subject receives 25% of his reinforcers by making a left response.In phase 2,he receives 75% of his reinforcers by making a left response.The subject's percentage of left responses is 40% in phase 1,and 60% in phase 2.This performance is an example of
A)matching
B)undermatching
C)overmatching
D)bias
Q2) A self-control choice is a choice between a _______ reinforcer and a _______ reinforcer.
A)small and immediate;large and delayed
B)small and delayed;large and immediate
C)small and risky;large and guaranteed
D)immediate and guaranteed;delayed and risky
Q3) According to Caraco's theory about risk taking,animals are
A)more risk prone when food is scarce
B)more risk prone when food is plentiful
C)more risk averse when they are hungry
D)none of the above
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Page 15