Cognitive Psychology Solved
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Cognitive Psychology explores the mental processes underlying human thought, perception, memory, language, problem-solving, and decision-making. The course delves into how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information, examining the roles of attention, learning, and reasoning. It also addresses experimental methods used to investigate cognitive phenomena and reviews key theories and empirical findings in areas such as sensory processing, working memory, cognitive development, and intelligence. By understanding these processes, students gain insight into how people acquire knowledge and interact with their environment, providing a foundation for further study or application in psychology and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Psychological Science 5th Edition by Michael Gazzaniga
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15 Chapters
2560 Verified Questions
2560 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding the development of psychological therapy?
A) In the last four decades,a scientific approach to the treatment of psychological disorders has emerged.
B) The scientific approach to the treatment of psychological disorders has mirrored general advances in psychological science.
C) Most modern psychological therapies were developed using the scientific approach.
D) Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow were the first to emphasize the use of the scientific approach.
Answer: D
Q2) "Why am I so depressed?" asked Phia."Obviously," said Dr.Fox,"you have inner,unconscious turmoil that we need to explore." Dr.Fox takes a(n)________ approach to psychology.
A) evolutionary
B) psychoanalytic
C) functionalist
D) Gestalt
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Research Methodology
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the four main goals of science is prediction.The main goal of scientists addressing this goal is to predict:
A) what might control a behavior.
B) how many scientific studies are needed to study a phenomenon.
C) when a phenomenon will occur.
D) which type of researchers will investigate a phenomenon.
Answer: C
Q2) How is a meta-analysis different from other types of studies?
A) Replication is important for meta-analyses,but not for separate studies.
B) Meta-analyses cannot detect significant differences,but separate studies can.
C) A meta-analysis combines many studies into one analysis.
D) A meta-analysis does not use effect sizes,but separate studies do.
Answer: C
Q3) According to some psychologists,Sigmund Freud's theory of the meaning of dreams was not a successful theory because:
A) it was too socially controversial.
B) he developed the theory from previous ideas.
C) it did not lead to many testable hypotheses.
D) it was based on research later shown to be invalid.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Biology and Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) The basic building blocks of the nervous system are the:
A) neurons.
B) synapses.
C) dendrites.
D) glial cells.
Answer: A
Q2) Another term for neuron firing is:
A) action potential.
B) somatic potential.
C) resting membrane potential.
D) ion potential.
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a part of a neuron?
A) dendrite
B) cell body
C) terminal button
D) interneuron
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your friend is taking an over-the-counter medication.He claims that it is not a psychoactive drug,but you claim it is.What characteristic of the drug would most likely support your argument?
A) The drug is available over the counter.
B) The drug is legal.
C) The drug activates the brain's neurotransmitter receptors.
D) The drug is nonprescription.
Q2) Tetrahydrocannabinol is the psychoactive chemical in which drug?
A) marijuana
B) MDMA
C) tetracycline
D) crack cocaine
Q3) Sleep spindles are indicative of which stage of sleep?
A) stage 2
B) stage 1
C) REM
D) stage 4
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) People see the figure ( )as an oval rather than two separate curving lines.Which Gestalt principle accounts for this outcome?
A) similarity
B) good continuation
C) parallelism
D) closure
Q2) Our perception of the world is most like a:
A) digital camera that takes snapshots.
B) cell phone camera that takes movies without sound.
C) video camera that takes movies with sound.
D) film that has been edited to convey a theme.
Q3) Temporal coding encodes ________ sounds,while place coding encodes ________ sounds.
A) low amplitude; high amplitude
B) high amplitude; low amplitude
C) low frequency; high frequency
D) high frequency; low frequency
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following could be classified as a reinforcer?
A) getting a cookie after washing the dishes
B) cowering when the teacher places her fingernails on the blackboard
C) not walking under ladders
D) having a sunny day for your wedding
Q2) The Rescorla-Wagner model of the cognitive components of conditioning states that the strength of the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus association depends on how ________ the unconditioned stimulus is.
A) rewarding
B) evolutionarily significant
C) fearful
D) unexpected
Q3) Dante was sitting on a rock to rest during a hike.Suddenly he felt immense pain and looked down to see a snake had bitten him in the leg.He is now terrified of anything that even resembles a snake.Dante has developed a(n):
A) identification ability with regard to snakes.
B) phobia of snakes.
C) distrust of snakes.
D) disinterest for snakes.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Memory for items presented at the beginning of a list and at the end of the list is referred to as:
A) serial position effect.
B) networks of association.
C) chunking.
D) episodic memory.
Q2) You memorize your four-digit PIN number for your bank card,but you also store this number on your phone.You keep your bank card and your phone in your backpack,and a thief steals your backpack.When you get your new bank card,you have to make up a new PIN,but every time you try to withdraw money,you can only remember the old PIN.What best explains this combination of remembering and forgetting?
A) schemas
B) decay
C) amnesia
D) interference
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) After struggling to solve a math problem,you suddenly see the solution.For no apparent reason,the method for solving the problem just came to your mind.You have experienced:
A) insight.
B) clarity.
C) restructuring.
D) fixedness.
Q2) Which baby will have the highest IQ if all are raised in identical environments?
A) a white baby
B) a Latino baby
C) an African American baby
D) It is impossible to tell.
Q3) Samantha has always bought Japanese cars because she believes they are more reliable than cars made in the United States.Samantha has formulated a(n)________ for buying cars that may help her save time and money on her next car purchase.
A) anchor
B) affective forecast
C) algorithm
D) heuristic
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Both Gina's parents and Susan's parents got divorced when the girls were very young.Gina's mother is remarried,but Susan's mother is single.Gina is likely to:
A) show secondary sex characteristics after Susan does.
B) get pregnant.
C) start puberty months sooner than Susan.
D) begin puberty at the same time as Susan.
Q2) What is a difference between assimilation and accommodation?
A) Assimilation involves doing something with new information but accommodation does not.
B) Assimilation involves creating new schemas,but accommodation does not.
C) Accommodation involves creating new schemas,but assimilation does not.
D) Accommodation involves doing something with new information,but assimilation does not.
Q3) Which of the following things have been found to cause dementia?
A) HIV infection
B) alcohol
C) small strokes
D) all of the above
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Chapter 10: Emotion and Motivation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tameri and Khai have found a house to buy that they really like.The day they found it,they had been having a wonderful time house hunting and planning their life together.A few days later,after having had a miserable day at work,Khai goes back to look at the house again.You could predict that Khai will like the house:
A) more because it will remind him of Tameri.
B) more because of belief persistence.
C) less because of his bad day at work.
D) less because his second look will be more objective.
Q2) Danny,who has a damaged amygdala,accidentally spilled kerosene on a campfire and got badly burned.Later,Danny's reaction to fire is that he:
A) knows it is dangerous and has a strong conditioned fear response to it.
B) does not think it is dangerous and has no conditioned fear of it.
C) does not think it is dangerous but becomes terrified around it.
D) knows it is dangerous but has no conditioned fear of it.
Q3) Negative feedback models describe the process of:
A) equilibrium.
B) homeostasis.
C) drive fulfillment.
D) goal setting.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Health and Well-Being
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Sample Questions
Q1) The brain region that experiences the most growth in response to aerobic exercise is the:
A) hypothalamus.
B) pituitary gland.
C) hippocampus.
D) amygdala.
Q2) Brenda has used a primary appraisal,but not a secondary appraisal,in her analysis of an event.Because she has not used secondary appraisal,we can guess that the event was:
A) related to Brenda's self-identity.
B) followed by a physiological response.
C) nonthreatening.
D) highly emotional.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a reason for racial disparities in life expectancy?
A) genetic variation in susceptibility to disease
B) dietary and exercise habits
C) access to affordable health care
D) sleep cycle variations
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13
Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the mere-exposure phenomenon,greater familiarity with an item typically leads to ________ attitudes about that item.
A) more positive
B) less positive
C) more negative
D) less negative
Q2) Christopher is a middle-aged accountant.Which of the following would be considered his outgroup?
A) females
B) males
C) his family
D) accountants
Q3) Annabel just started working on a very difficult paper for her psychology class.Given what you know about social facilitation and the presence of others on performance,where should Annabel work on the paper to make the best progress?
A) in the library,at a table with other people studying
B) alone in her room or in a private library carrel
C) in her room with her two roommates
D) in the library,with other people working on the same paper
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the difference between temperaments and personality traits?
A) Traits are broader than temperaments.
B) Temperaments are broader than traits.
C) There is no difference; traits and temperaments are essentially identical.
D) It depends on the groups one is investigating.
Q2) Your psychology teacher is studying the personalities of the students in the class and asks everyone to write a personal narrative involving his or her experiences in college thus far.The teacher is using a(n)________ approach to personality description.
A) nomothetic
B) trait
C) idiographic
D) objective
Q3) Terror management theory predicts that people will act in ways that enhance their self-esteem when:
A) other people evaluate them positively.
B) other people evaluate them negatively.
C) they are reminded of sickness and death.
D) others around them have low self-esteem.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) If schizophrenia did NOT have a genetic basis,then concordance for schizophrenia in identical twins would be:
A) very low.
B) about 12 percent.
C) about 25 percent.
D) about 50 percent.
Q2) Malcolm (age 10)often wets the bed at night.His brother,John (age 3)has difficulty controlling his emotions and often has temper tantrums.Given only this information,which child has a neurodevelopmental disorder?
A) both
B) neither
C) Malcolm,but not John
D) John,but not Malcolm
Q3) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by:
A) impulsivity,inappropriate behavior,and learning disability.
B) learning disability,inattentiveness,and compulsions.
C) inattentiveness,restlessness,and impulsivity.
D) restlessness,anxiety,and muscle tension.
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16
Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Currently,the best approach to treating borderline personality disorder is:
A) psychodynamic psychotherapy.
B) dialectical behavioral therapy.
C) behavior modification.
D) antipsychotic medication.
Q2) A counterintuitive aspect of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is that:
A) although people think that the brains of children with this disorder are overactive,they are actually underactive.
B) treating this disorder too early in childhood is associated with greater impairment from the disorder during young adulthood.
C) children with this disorder benefit from antipsychotic medication,even though they show no signs of psychosis.
D) most children with this disorder show only symptoms of hyperactivity,or only symptoms of attention-deficit,but not symptoms of both.
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