Cognitive Psychology Research Methods
Exam Review
Course Introduction
Cognitive Psychology Research Methods explores the principles and practices involved in investigating mental processes such as perception, memory, language, and problem-solving. This course provides an overview of experimental and non-experimental research designs specific to cognitive psychology, emphasizing hypothesis formulation, measurement techniques, data collection, and statistical analysis. Students learn how to design rigorous experiments, critically evaluate research literature, and apply ethical considerations in cognitive research. The course also covers the use of computer-based tasks, neuropsychological assessments, and contemporary tools such as eye-tracking and brain imaging, preparing students to conduct and interpret research in various cognitive domains.
Recommended Textbook
Research In Psychology Methods and Design 7th Edition by C. James Goodwin
Available Study Resources on Quizplus 12 Chapters
993 Verified Questions
993 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3896 Page 2
Chapter 1: Scientific Thinking in Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77580
Sample Questions
Q1) To say that someone is _________ is to say that they only feel confident of an assertion when it is based on empirical data.
Answer: data driven
Q2) People often will believe that learning graphology will allow them to assess one's personality. One reason is motivational-having spent $30, they convince themselves of the value of the experience and work harder to bring about the desired outcome. This phenomenon is called
A) confirmation bias
B) belief perseverance
C) availability heuristic
D) effort justification
Answer: D
Q3) After a tragic and much publicized plane crash, Ed came to believe that air travel was not as safe as traveling by car; Ed was a victim of the _____________ heuristic.
Answer: availability
Q4) Peirce called the use of logical arguments to fix a belief the _________ method.
Answer: a priori
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Ethics in Psychological Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77579
Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is sometimes used in research when behavior could be biased if participants knew the study's true purpose ahead of time.
Answer: deception
Q2) According to the APA code of ethics for animal research,
A) appetitive procedures are preferred over aversive procedures
B) using animals for mere educational use is prohibited
C) in research involving pain, only nonsentient animals may be used
D) the research supervisor must also be a veterinarian
Answer: A
Q3) According to APA guidelines, when is it considered appropriate to deceive participants about the true purpose of the study?
A) never
B) only when debriefing is excluded (therefore participants won't need to discover that they have been deceived)
C) only when the subjects are nonhuman
D) only when the research hypothesis could not be tested in any other way
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
4
Chapter 3: Developing Ideas for Research in Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77578
Sample Questions
Q1) In Bushman and Anderson's field experiment, who was the experimental confederate?
A) a young man who was heard fighting with another person
B) a young woman with and apparent ankle injury and crutches at a movie theater
C) a young woman with and apparent ankle injury and crutches in the laboratory
D) the experimenter who administered the questionnaires
Answer: B
Q2) On the basis of a theory a prediction is made; from the prediction a study is run, and the study does not come out as expected. What is the researcher most likely to conclude?
A) the theory should be discarded
B) the study should be replicated
C) the theory has been supported but not proven
D) the equipment must have failed
Answer: B
Q3) Some thought that Clever Hans was highly intelligent, but a more _________ explanation was that he was responding to simple visual cues from the questioner. Answer: parsimonious
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Measurement, Sampling, and Data Analysis
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77577
Sample Questions
Q1) A _________ illustrates an estimated range of scores within which a population mean is likely to reside.
Q2) When summarizing data, why is it important to report both the mean and the standard deviation?
A) two sets of data could have the same mean but different amounts of variability
B) this way both descriptive and inferential statistics are covered
C) this way the null hypothesis can be evaluated
D) this enables the researcher to avoid Type I and Type II errors
Q3) Which of the following is not an example of a construct?
A) perceived social support
B) letter identification
C) habituation
D) social effectiveness
Q4) Psychologists generally assume that most personality and IQ tests use a(n) _____ scale.
A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: Introduction to Experimental Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77576
Sample Questions
Q1) Some subjects try to solve a difficult maze while sitting in a 2x3 ft room. Others try to solve the same maze while sitting in a 10x12 ft room. The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of crowding on maze performance The larger room has natural light because of its two windows. The 2x3 ft room has no windows, so natural light is simulated with a special type of fluorescent light. Which of the following is true?
A) the independent variable is the type of maze being used
B) whether or not windows are present is an uncontrolled extraneous variable
C) assuming random assignment is used, this study clearly has internal validity
D) the main variable is a subject variable
Q2) Compared with research in which people learn lists of words and recall them, studies on such topics as eyewitness memory and the recall of high school Spanish have greater
A) ecological validity
B) construct validity
C) internal validity
D) statistical validity
Q3) __________ effects occur when two groups of participants are nonequivalent.
Q4) If a study is free from confounding factors, it is said to have ________ validity.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 7
Chapter 6: Control Problems in Experimental Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
88 Verified Questions
88 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77575
Sample Questions
Q1) Demand characteristics, and therefore subject bias, can be reduced by using A) only good subjects
B) only those participants incapable of figuring out the hypothesis C) deception
D) within-subjects rather than between-subjects designs
Q2) The creation of equivalent groups is the major design problem for __________ designs.
Q3) When using matching to create equivalent groups, a matching variable is A) any factor that is believed to correlate with the dependent measure being used B) another name for the independent variable
C) always a subject variable
D) never actually measured
Q4) Over a series of trials, participants experiencing one order of conditions might have an advantage over participants experiencing another order. These effects are called A) carry-over effects
B) transfer effects
C) experimenter bias effects
D) progressive effects
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
8
Chapter 7: Experimental Design 1: Single Factor Designs
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77574
Sample Questions
Q1) In Steele, Ball, and Runk's study of the "Mozart effect," the researchers used a multilevel, _______ design.
A) independent groups
B) repeated measures
C) matched groups
D) nonequivalent groups
Q2) In a single-factor experiment with more than two levels of the independent variable, the proper inferential statistical analysis is ________.
Q3) In studies evaluating the influence of a drug, those in the experimental group are often compared with those in a(n) _______ control group.
Q4) In Steele, Ball, and Runk's study of the so-called Mozart effect, which of the following was true?
A) they used a multilevel, matched-groups design
B) they used a complete counterbalancing procedure
C) they found that listening to Mozart made it easier to recall digits
D) there was no Mozart effect, but a significant practice effect occurred
Q5) The behavior of a subject in a treatment group determines what happens to a subject in a(n) ________ control group.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: Experimental Design II: Factorial Designs
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77573
Sample Questions
Q1) One of the chapter's research examples concerned the so-called closing time effect. The researchers found that the gender of the rater made a difference and the time of the ratings also made a difference. That is, the study produced
A) an interaction between the gender factor and the time factor
B) a main effect for the gender factor
C) a main effect for the time factor
D) two main effects
Q2) Which of the chapter's research examples used a P x E mixed design?
A) the study on the best environment for studying
B) the study on simulated driving with cell phones
C) the study on the closing time effect
D) the study on stereotype threat
Q3) In a 2x3 mixed factorial design, with 10 people needed to fill the upper left hand cell of the matrix, how many people will be needed to complete the experiment?
A) 60
B) 20
C) 30
D) could be 20 or 30 (need more information)
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Correlational Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77572
Sample Questions
Q1) Multiple regression involves
A) one bivariate procedure and two multivariate procedures
B) one criterion variable and two or more predictor variables
C) one predictor variable and two or more criterion variables
D) performing a bivariate regression procedure several times
Q2) When is correlational research preferred over experimental research?
A) whenever the researcher wishes to determine cause and effect relationships
B) whenever the researcher prefers to do field rather than laboratory research
C) whenever the study includes factors that cannot possibly be controlled
D) never - experimental studies are always preferred
Q3) Distinguish between a bivariate and a multivariate analysis and describe the essential features of two different multivariate analyses.
Q4) A researcher administers several tests, correlates each test with every other test, and looks for tests that cluster together. The researcher is probably performing the preliminary steps of what procedure?
A) multiple regression
B) partial correlation
C) factor analysis
D) criterion validity
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Quasi-Experimental Designs Applied Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77571
Sample Questions
Q1) Experiment is to quasi-experiment as _____ is to _____.
A) internal validity; external validity
B) equivalent groups; nonequivalent groups
C) positive correlation; negative correlation
D) control group; no control group
Q2) A _________ is a systematic examination of qualitative information in terms of predefined categories.
Q3) A nonequivalent control group design usually (but not necessarily) includes
A) pretests
B) random assignment
C) causal conclusions
D) a single group given pretest, then treatment, then posttest
Q4) Consider the methodological principles you have learned about so far. The Hollingworth's Coca-Cola study incorporating several of these principles. Which of the following did they not use in their study?
A) a factorial design
B) a double blind
C) a placebo control condition
D) counterbalancing
Q5) Describe the defining feature a quasi-experimental design.
Page 12
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 11: Small N Designs
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77570
Sample Questions
Q1) All multiple baseline designs
A) evaluate the same behavior in more than one individual
B) examine the same behavior in an individual, but in two or more settings
C) introduce treatment(s) at different times
D) include a withdrawal element
Q2) The case study of former boxer "AB" illustrates the importance of case studies to A) use inferential statistics to make claims about groups of individuals.
B) describe groups of individuals similar to a single case.
C) rely on anecdotal evidence.
D) guide individualized treatment and/or rehabilitation for the patient.
Q3) A study by Foxx and Rubinoff showed how small N designs can be useful in reducing the amount of caffeine people ingest daily. They used which design?
A) A-B-C-B
B) A-B-A-B
C) alternating treatment
D) changing criterion
Q4) The method used by Luria to study exceptional memory was the __________ method.
Q5) Single-subject designs have several elements in common. Describe them.
Q6) Describe how McMicken et al. used the case study method to evaluate boxer "AB."
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: Descriptive Research Methods
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77569
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true about return rates for mailed surveys?
A) anything less than 100% creates problems for interpretation
B) researchers are happy with return rates between 70% and 85%
C) as long as the total number of replies is large (>100), the rate is return is irrelevant
D) if less than 80%, representativeness is a serious problem
Q2) Compared to written surveys, the interview format
A) reduces the problem of question ambiguity
B) is a lot cheaper
C) is immune from interviewer bias problems
D) has more of a problem with return rate
Q3) In the survey of student attitudes toward animal research by Plous, which sampling method was used?
A) cluster
B) simple random
C) convenience
D) stratified
Q4) Distinguish between probability and nonprobability sampling techniques. Describe 3 types of probability sampling techniques and 3 types of nonprobability sampling techniques.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14