Cognitive Psychology Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Cognitive Psychology explores the mental processes that underlie human thought, perception, memory, language, problem-solving, and decision-making. This course examines foundational theories and contemporary research in areas such as attention, information processing, mental imagery, and reasoning. Students will gain insight into how individuals acquire, store, manipulate, and use information, as well as how cognitive functions are influenced by biological, social, and environmental factors. The course emphasizes experimental methods and real-world applications of cognitive principles in domains including education, technology, and mental health.
Recommended Textbook
Cognitive Psychology Connecting Mind Research and Everyday Experience 4th Edition by E. Bruce
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) notion that the mind could be represented as operating in a sequence of stages,often represented by boxes,allows cognitive psychologists to develop models that can be tested by further experiments.
A)Broadbent's
B)Chomsky's
C)Cherry's
D)Skinner's
Answer: A
Q2) Who introduced the flow diagram to represent what is happening in the mind?
A)Donald Broadbent
B)Colin Cherry
C)Newell and Simon
D)Wilhelm Wundt
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following is a criticism of analytic introspection?
A)It infers mental processes based on objective data.
B)It produces results that are too easy to verify.
C)It produces variable results from person to person.
D)It requires no training.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sarah has experienced brain damage making it difficult for her to understand spatial layout.Which area of her brain has most likely sustained damage?
A)Fusiform face area (FFA)
B)Parahippocampal place area (PPA)
C)Extrastriate body area (EBA)
D)Functional magnetic area (FMA)
Answer: B
Q2) A 10-month-old baby is interested in discovering different textures,comparing the touch sensations between a soft blanket and a hard wooden block.Tactile signals such as these are received by thelobe.
A)parietal
B)occipital
C)frontal
D)temporal
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Perception
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Q1) The task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on one's retina is called the
A)radiated wavelength paradox.
B)inverse projection problem.
C)serial location task.
D)fusiform face role.
Answer: B
Q2) People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the
A)principle of size constancy.
B)oblique effect.
C)law of pragnanz.
D)law of good continuation.
Answer: B
Q3) The study of the behavior of humans with brain damage is called A)neuropsychology.
B)functional localization.
C)positron emission tomography.
D)the subtraction technique.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Attention
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a dichotic listening experiment,refers to the procedure that is used to force participants to pay attention to a specific message in one ear among competing messages in the other ear.
A)rehearsing
B)shadowing
C)echoing
D)delayed repeating
Q2) Suppose twin teenagers are vying for their mother's attention.The mother is trying to pay attention to one of her daughters,though both girls are talking (one about her boyfriend,one about a school project).According to the operating characteristics of Treisman's attenuator,it is most likely the attenuator is analyzing the incoming messages in terms of
A)physical characteristics.
B)language.
C)meaning.
D)direction.
Q3) Discuss how the process of binding is essential in your ability to watch a movie or television program.
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6
Chapter 5: Short term and Working Memory
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Q1) Compare and contrast the phenomena of proactive and retroactive interference.Then,use these two concepts to describe successful strategies for studying in college.
Q2) Which task should be easier: keeping a sentence like "John went to the store to buy some oranges" in your mind AND
A)saying "yes" for each word that is a noun and "no" for each word that is not a noun?
B)pointing to the word "yes" for each word that is a noun and "no" for each word that is not a noun?
C)pointing to the word "no" for each word that is a noun and "yes" for each word that is not a noun?
D)saying "no" for each word that is a noun and "yes" for each word that is not a noun?
Q3) Articulatory suppression causes a decrease in the word-length effect because
A)saying "the,the,the" fills up the phonological loop.
B)saying "la,la,la" forces participants to use visual encoding.
C)talking makes the longer words seem even longer.
D)elaborative rehearsal helps transfer information into LTM.
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Chapter 6: Long term Memory: Structure
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Q1) Memory enhancement due to repetition priming is a result of
A)the test stimulus being the same or resembling the priming stimulus.
B)the test stimulus being different from the priming stimulus.
C)the test stimulus being similar in meaning to the priming stimulus.
D)the test stimulus being different in meaning from the priming stimulus.
Q2) One of the defining characteristics of implicit memory is that
A)it always leads to episodic memory for events.
B)it is enhanced by the self-reference effect.
C)we are not conscious we are using it.
D)people use it strategically to enhance memory for events.
Q3) The following statement represents what kind of memory? "The Beatles stopped making music together as a group in the early 1970s."
A)Episodic
B)Semantic
C)Procedural
D)Implicit
Q4) Define the propaganda effect.Explain the effect in terms of priming.Give two potential "real-world" examples of this effect.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Long-term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation
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Q1) Students,beware! Research shows thatdoes not improve reading comprehension because it does not encourage elaborative processing of the material.
A)organization
B)highlighting
C)making up questions about the material
D)feedback
Q2) Donald Hebb proposed that memory is represented in the brain by structural changes in all of the following EXCEPT the A)presynaptic neuron.
B)postsynaptic neuron.
C)neurotransmitters.
D)synapse.
Q3) From the behavior of H.M. ,who experienced memory problems after a brain operation,we can conclude that the hippocampus is important in A)procedural memory.
B)long-term memory storage.
C)working memory.
D)long-term memory acquisition.
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Chapter 8: Everyday Memory and Memory Errors
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Q1) The retroactive interference hypothesis states that the misinformation effect occurs because
A)MPI obstructs or distorts memories formed during the original experiencing of an event.
B)MPI cues the rememberer that an error in memory is occurring.
C)MPI fills in the gaps in the original memory where it lacked detail.
D)the original memory for an event decays over time,leaving room for MPI to infiltrate the memory later.
Q2) occurs when more recent learning impairs memory for something that happened further back in the past.
A)Reminiscent memory
B)Pragmatic inference
C)Feature integration
D)Retroactive interference
Q3) Unconscious plagiarism of the work of others is known as
A)narrative rehearsal.
B)cryptomnesia.
C)repeated reproduction.
D)repeated recall.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Conceptual Knowledge
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Sample Questions
Q1) Learning in the connectionist network is represented by adjustments to network
A)connection weights.
B)nodes.
C)hidden units.
D)output units.
Q2) Compare and contrast the standard object for the prototype approach to categorization and for the exemplar approach to categorization.Include descriptions of how the standards can lead to similar as well as different categorization judgments.
Q3) Collins and Quillian's semantic network model predicts that the reaction time to verify "a canary is a bird" is the reaction time to verify "an ostrich is a bird."
A)interfered with by B)faster than C)the same as D)slower than
Q4) Describe the evidence from both physiological research and patient data to explain how categories are represented in the brain.
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11
Chapter 10: Visual Imagery
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Sample Questions
Q1) Carly is an interior design student.As part of her internship,she is redesigning a small kitchen for a client.She would like to expand the kitchen and add a dining area.Before creating sketches for the client,she imagines the new layout in her mind,most likely using A)tacit knowledge.
B)a proposition.
C)the method of loci.
D)a depictive representation.
Q2) Perky's experiment,in which participants were asked to "project" visual images of common objects onto a screen,showed that
A)imagery and perception are two different phenomena.
B)imagery and perception can interact with one another.
C)there are large individual differences in people's ability to create visual images.
D)creating a visual image can interfere with a perceptual judgment task.
Q3) The scanning task used by Kosslyn involves A)visual icons.
B)mental images.
C)perceptual images.
D)echoic schemas
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Chapter 11: Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ron is an avid reader.He has a large vocabulary because every time he comes across a word he doesn't know,he looks it up in the dictionary.Ron encounters "wanderlust" in a novel,reaches for the dictionary,and finds out this word means "desire to travel." The process of looking up unfamiliar words increases Ron's
A)lexicon.
B)parser.
C)syntactical capacity.
D)mental set.
Q2) In the phonemic restoration effect,participants "fill in" the missing phoneme based on all of the following EXCEPT
A)the context produced by the sentence.
B)the portion of the word that was presented.
C)the meaning of the words that follow the missing phoneme.
D)a mental "skimming" of the lexicon to find likely words.
Q3) The given-new contract is a method for creating
A)comprehension between a speaker and a listener in a conversation.
B)children's mastery of syntax.
C)resolution of a lexically ambiguous sentence.
D)anaphoric inferences between consecutive sentences.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Problem Solving
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Sample Questions
Q1) The radiation problem can be solved using A)representation and restructuring.
B)means-end analysis.
C)warmth judgments.
D)mental set.
Q2) The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that,if well-learned,it may prevent us from
A)seeing more efficient solutions to the problem.
B)being able to solve other problems at all.
C)understanding why the procedure works successfully.
D)discriminating between well- and ill-defined problems.
Q3) Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together,the fortress problem represents theproblem.
A)source
B)target
C)exemplar
D)prototype
Q4) Define and give examples of divergent thinking.How does this relate to creativity?
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Chapter 13: Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning
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Q1) Discuss how a person's judgments are affected by the way choices are framed.Give an example of a choice framed in terms of gains.Give another example of a choice framed in terms of losses.Which decision-making strategy is likely used in each case? Why?
Q2) An experiment measures participants' performance in judging syllogisms.Two premises and a conclusion are presented as stimuli,and participants are asked to indicate (yes or no)if the conclusion logically follows from the premises.Error rates are then calculated for each syllogism.This experiment studiesreasoning.
A)deductive
B)intuitive
C)falsification
D)inductive
Q3) The tendency to think that a syllogism is valid if its conclusion is believable is called the.
A)availability heuristic
B)confirmatory bias
C)belief bias
D)mental set
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