Cognitive Psychology
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Cognitive Psychology explores the fundamental mental processes underlying human behavior, such as perception, attention, memory, language, problem-solving, and decision-making. This course examines how individuals acquire, process, and store information, utilizing both classic theories and recent research findings. Students will learn about experimental methods used to study cognition and discuss real-world applications, including cognitive development, artificial intelligence, and neural mechanisms of cognitive function. Emphasis is placed on understanding the complexities of the mind and how cognitive processes influence everyday activities.
Recommended Textbook
Learning and Memory 1St Edition Edition by Howard Eichenbaum
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12 Chapters
600 Verified Questions
600 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Nature of Learning and Memory
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50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Maine de Biran, a sensitive memory forms after we practice our response to a specific stimulus.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Cognitive memory is also called ________ memory.
A) explicit
B) implicit
C) nondeclarative
D) active
Answer: A
Q3) When a rat is placed in a T-maze and learns to turn left to get the food, behaviorists would call this learning strategy an example of ___________.
A) place learning
B) response learning
C) probed learning
D) strategic learning
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: The Neural Bases of Learning and Memory
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50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Calcium ions in the postsynaptic neuron aid in the process of long-term potentiation by synthesizing neurotrophins, which _________.
A) increase the magnesium ion levels
B) decrease the size of the synapses
C) permanently sensitize the synapses
D) activate the release of more calcium ions
Answer: C
Q2) An inhibitory postsynaptic potential is caused by a flow of _____ ions, while an excitatory postsynaptic potential is due to an increase of _____ ions.
A) sodium; potassium
B) chloride; sodium
C) potassium; chloride
D) sodium; chloride
Answer: D
Q3) The cerebellum is essential for conditioned behaviors like blinking in response to a puff of air directed at the eye.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Simple Forms of Learning and Memory
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50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Aplysia has NOT been used to study ________.
A) reflex arcs
B) mating preferences
C) habituation
D) sensitization
Answer: B
Q2) Invertebrates have smaller neurons that vertebrates, making them harder to study.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Generally, in habituation studies, the response is _________ while in sensitization the response is _______.
A) heterosynaptic; homosynaptic
B) homosynaptic; heterosynaptic
C) easy to produce; hard to produce
D) hard to produce; easy to produce
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Perceptual Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers found that compared to the novice, professional wine tasters could
A) discriminate between all household odors
B) discriminate between some household odors
C) not discriminate between wines
D) discriminate between most wines
Q2) The word stem completion task is an example of a repetition priming.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ability to discriminate stimuli at a finer grain than is supported by the acuity of individual receptors is called ________.
A) supracuity
B) sensitive acuity
C) fine acuity
D) hyperacuity
Q4) Typically, perceptual learning is nonassociative.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the four main mechanisms involved in perceptual skill learning.
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Chapter 5: Procedural Learning I: Classical Conditioning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly describe the changes that occur within the presynaptic membrane during classical conditioning in the Aplysia during mantle stimulation.
Q2) In which ISI training session is learning best?
A) Less than three seconds.
B) Between three and five seconds.
C) Greater than five seconds.
D) The ISI is not as important as the US.
Q3) Pairing a CS with a US is called ___________.
A) initial conditioning
B) first-order conditioning
C) second-order conditioning
D) phase 1 conditioning
Q4) How does the Rescorla-Wagner model explain the strength of a CR and learning?
Q5) Give two explanations for why spontaneous recovery occurs.
Q6) Psychic secretions occur ____________.
A) when food enters the stomach
B) after food enters the stomach
C) before the food reaches the stomach
D) when the food leaves the stomach
Q7) Discuss why response extinction is not the same as forgetting.
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Chapter 6: Procedural Learning II: Habits and Instrumental Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) When working with animals, foods tends to be a _________reinforcer, while the feeder noises are considered to be ________ reinforcers.
A) primary; secondary
B) secondary; primary
C) biological; environmental
D) innate; learned
Q2) Instrumental learning began with early studies by _________.
A) Thorndike
B) Skinner
C) Watson
D) Garcia
Q3) A VI-20 schedule would suggest that one gets rewarded after a(n) _________.
A) average of 20 behaviors
B) average of 20 seconds
C) 20 behaviors
D) 20 seconds
Q4) Animal trainers often use shaping to get the animals to perform complex tasks.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain how instrumental learning uses reinforcers to change behavior.
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Chapter 7: Emotional Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cingulate cortex projects to the mamillary bodies.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How is a flashbulb memory an example of how emotions and memories can be closely tied together? How can researchers study flashbulb memories?
Q3) When amphetamines are injected into the amygdala after training on either a spatial or cued maze task, performance ____________.
A) is enhanced on the spatial task but impaired on the cued maze task
B) is enhanced on the cued maze task but impaired on the spatial task
C) is enhanced on both tasks
D) is impaired on both tasks
Q4) During the "fight or flight" response, the hypothalamus signals the pituitary gland which in turn signals the _________ to release _________.
A) adrenal glands; glucocorticoids
B) amygdala; norepinephrine
C) adrenal glands; dopamine
D) amygdala; glucocorticoids
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9
Chapter 8: Cognitive Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a good study tip?
A) Do not wait to study the material the night before a test.
B) Use elaboration.
C) Study two related subjects on the same night.
D) Rehearse your information.
Q2) Describe the two key study strategies that William James suggested to his students.
Q3) Bransford and Franks (1971) had participants read a series of sentences and then gave them a recognition test for a set of sentences, some of which were already presented and some were not. These researchers were testing for _________.
A) cued recall
B) free recall
C) false memories
D) implicit memories
Q4) The hippocampus supports the creation and expression for spatial memory but not for nonspatial memory.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How do mnemonists develop their extensive memory skills?
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Chapter 9: Episodic Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Our memories for specific past events are specifically called __________ memory.
A) semantic
B) implicit
C) episodic
D) explicit
Q2) K.C. suffered from widespread damage to several brain regions including the
A) limbic lobe
B) Wernicke's area
C) medial temporal lobe
D) cerebellum
Q3) What three features of episodic memory can be tested and measured using non-human animals?
Q4) Tulving compared episodic and semantic memory on the basis of their representations of _________.
A) favorability
B) time
C) strength
D) repetitiveness
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Chapter 10: Semantic Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) When British citizens were given a piece of paper with a vertical line drawn on it, those citizens who lived in the south tended to _______________.
A) have better spatial representations of Scotland
B) include specific details about Britain's geography
C) exaggerate northern Britain relative to surrounding countries
D) exaggerate the details and direction of England
Q2) The _________ theory is an alternative to categorization based on conceptual schemes.
A) exemplar
B) prototype
C) hierarchical
D) network
Q3) Glisky and colleagues used the technique ______ to teach amnesics several computer terms to be retained for several weeks.
A) cued learning
B) cued recall
C) vanishing cues
D) vanishing errors
Q4) Describe Farah and McClelland's (1991) model of semantic memory.
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Chapter 11: Memory Consolidation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Connections between relevant cortical areas could be strengthened by
A) simultaneous activation of several related memories
B) increased hippocampal activation
C) inhibiting the influence of the hippocampus during learning
D) increased parahippocampal activation
Q2) Animals with lesioned parietal lobes tend to show graded temporal amnesia on spatial tasks.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Alvarez and Squires (1994) proposed a _______ explaining how the hippocampal system interacts with neocortical processors to store and consolidate memories.
A) two-stage model
B) multiphase model
C) simple network model
D) complex network model
Q4) Zubin and Barrera performed the first experimental studies confirming that ECT was not directly related to graded retrograde amnesia.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Short-Term Memory and Working Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you are asked to recall a set of numbers in the same order that you learned them it is called _______ recall.
A) recency
B) primacy
C) linear
D) serial
Q2) Sperling (1960) found that after an interval of one second between the presentation of an array and the tone _______.
A) greatly increased the number of letters recalled
B) increased the number of letters recalled slightly
C) decreased the number of letters recalled slightly
D) greatly decreased the number of letters recalled
Q3) Our subvocal speech is part of the ___________.
A) phonological loop
B) visuospatial sketchpad
C) episodic executive
D) central executive
Q4) Explain how researchers test an animal's ability to rule shift. Describe different types of rule shifting.
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