Cognitive Psychology
Final Exam
Course Introduction
Cognitive Psychology explores the mental processes underlying human thought, perception, memory, language, problem-solving, and decision-making. This course examines how people acquire, process, and store information, drawing on empirical research and theoretical models to understand cognition. Topics include attention, learning, mental imagery, reasoning, and the neural basis of cognitive functions. Through lectures, discussions, and hands-on activities, students gain insights into both classic studies and contemporary advancements in cognitive science, developing critical thinking skills and applying psychological principles to real-world scenarios.
Recommended Textbook
Sensation and Perception 2nd Edition by Bennett L. Schwartz
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15 Chapters
903 Verified Questions
903 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Perception
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/45141
Sample Questions
Q1) Biologists have little interest in sensation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) A marathon runner finishing a race can feel both pain and exhilaration because ______.
A)senses are interpreted in the context in which they are experienced
B)exhaustion causes the body to misinterpret sensory data
C)pain can be either an internal or an external stimulus
D)sense experience is altered by extreme physical exertion
Answer: A
Q3) The study of the relation of brain damage to changes in behavioral and cognitive function is known as ______.
A)functional neuroscience
B)gestalt psychology
C)psychophysics
D)neuropsychology
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Research Methodology
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how response expansion works, using an example to illustrate the concept. Answer: Student examples will vary.A sample answer follows.Response expansion occurs when an increase in the strength of a stimulus is accompanied by a disproportionate increase in a person's perceptual response to it.For example, if someone hearing a loud sound ranks their discomfort at 2 out of 10 on a pain scale, doubling the volume would result in the person ranking their pain at more than double, or a number greater than 4.
Q2) Which neuroimaging technique produces the best spatial maps of the brain?
A)EEG
B)MEG
C)fMRI
D)TMS
Answer: C
Q3) What measures 15,000 on the Scoville scale for one person may represent a different number for somebody else.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Visual System: The Eye
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast wet macular degeneration and dry macular degeneration.Be sure to discuss at least one commonality and at least one difference.
Answer: Both wet and dry macular degeneration involve the destruction of the fovea and surrounding area.Both result in a blind spot that develops as the macular region is destroyed.The less-common form, wet macular degeneration, results from abnormal growth of blood vessels.It can be treated, leading to some improvement in vision.The more-common form, dry macular degeneration, is caused by the degeneration of cells that produce photopigments.There is currently no treatment.
Q2) Describe the role of the pupil in human vision.
Answer: The pupil is the opening in the iris that allows light to enter the eye.The pupil expands in dim light and contracts in bright light.This process, known as the pupillary reflex, allows the eye to regulate how much light enters the eye.Our two eyes are coordinated so that they both expand or contract simultaneously.
Q3) Spatial summation usually causes things to appear very sharp and clear.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Visual System: The Brain
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patient T.N.had successive strokes that lesioned his V1 region in both hemispheres.What was the result?
A)T.N.developed object agnosia, but otherwise he could see.
B)T.N.could not see, but he still could make some visual responses.
C)T.N.showed partial vision that was consistent with macular degeneration.
D)T.N.saw the world as if it was a series of still photographs.
Q2) The presence of visual abilities in the absence of the visual cortex is known as ______.
A)retinitis pigmentosa
B)psychiatric blindness
C)blindsight
D)global agnosia
Q3) Explain why scientists do not believe the term "blindsight" is a paradox.
Q4) Held and Hein raised kittens in complete darkness for a few weeks.What did they learn?
A)Early visual-motor experience can later influence perceptual abilities.
B)Visual development is primarily genetic in nature.
C)Passive kittens unexpectedly outperformed the active ones.
D)Rearing conditions did not affect the kittens' performance.
Q5) Describe the location and anatomy of the optic chiasm.
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Chapter 5: Object Perception
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient has no problem recognizing his family members but struggles to recognize familiar landscapes, such as a street in his neighborhood.Which diagnosis is most likely?
A)object agnosia
B)prosopagnosia
C)extrastriate agnosia
D)topographic agnosia
Q2) You look at a bowl of fruit.You perceive that there are four apples, five oranges, three bananas, and two pears.This observation is a result of which process?
A)grouping
B)recognition
C)segregation
D)representation
Q3) Geons are associated with recognition by components.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast the fusiform face area (FFA) and the occipital face area (OFA).Be sure to discuss at least one thing that they have in common and at least one way that they are different.
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7
Chapter 6: Color Perception
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60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is TRUE about rod monochromats?
A)They cannot distinguish between red and green.
B)They see best in bright sunlight.
C)They cannot learn to read.
D)They see the world only in black, white, and grays.
Q2) Additive color mixing is the creation of a new color by a process that adds one set of wavelengths to another set of wavelengths.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Because infants cannot describe what they see, researchers test infants' perception of color using a process called ______.
A)variance
B)reflectance
C)habituation
D)achromatopsia
Q4) Describe the trichromatic theory of color vision, and list the evidence that supports it.
Q5) What does it mean to say that color is a quality and not an amount? Explain how the term hue relates to this statement.
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Chapter 7: Depth and Size Perception
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60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where are disparity-tuned cells found in the visual cortex?
A)in V1 and V3
B)in V1 and the lateral geniculate nucleus
C)in both the ventral and dorsal pathways
D)in the lateral geniculate nucleus and dorsal pathways
Q2) Linear perspective refers to ______.
A)a visual cue that occurs when one object partially hides or obstructs the view of a second object
B)a visual cue in which objects closer to the horizon are seen as more distant
C)retinal size alone
D)the pictorial depth cue that arises from the fact that parallel lines appear to converge as they recede into the distance
Q3) Which of the following is an example of size constancy?
A)Even though Jake sees tiny Yuna on the horizon, he knows that she is about 5'8" tall.
B)Looking at Yuna from a distance, Jakes sees her as the same height as a nearby tree.
C)As Jake reads a book at arm's length, he sees Yuna as larger than the book.
D)As Jake sees Yuna without context clues, he has difficulty estimating her height.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Movement and Action
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When an object is perceived as moving on the basis of what is actually a series of stationary images being presented sequentially, such as in the movies, we have ______.
A)threshold-induced motion
B)beta motion
C)real motion
D)phi motion
Q2) In the furrow illusion, when the image is set in motion, the yellow circles move from left to right or right to left across the large gray and white circle.But when a person focuses on the top yellow circle ______.
A)the gray and white circle appears to expand in size
B)the gray and white circle appears to shrink in size
C)the top yellow circle appears to spiral as it makes its way across the screen
D)the lower yellow circle appears to zigzag back and forth as it heads across the screen
Q3) Akinetopsia is a rare condition in which a patient is unable to detect motion despite intact visual perception of stationary stimuli, caused by damage to Area MT.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Visual Attention
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the name for the neural system, located primarily in the parietal lobe, that allows us to engage in visual search and direct our visual attention to different locations in visual space?
A)executive attention network
B)frontal attention system
C)orienting attention network
D)lateral attention system
Q2) Screeners at airports must look for forbidden objects, such as knives, among the great many combs and toothbrushes passing through their screening machines.What task does this most resemble?
A)the Posner cueing task
B)divided attention tasks
C)visual search
D)attentional simulation
Q3) Give an example from your everyday life of change blindness.
Q4) There is evidence to suggest that video game players ______.
A)show reduced attentional blink
B)will eventually develop blindsight
C)show higher reaction times than normal in RSVP studies
D)develop increased change blindness
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Chapter 10: The Auditory System
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60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A mathematical procedure for taking any complex waveform and determining the simpler waveforms that make up that complex pattern is known as ______.
A)Fourier analysis
B)Hertz-Feingold analysis
C)temporal matching
D)binaural waveform analysis
Q2) A sound at 160 decibels is considered ______, whereas a sound at 20 decibels is considered ______.
A)soft; inaudible
B)dangerously loud; soft
C)high-pitched; low-pitched
D)complex; simple
Q3) How do the parts of a cochlear implant work together.
Q4) Why do we hear a difference in sound quality when a clarinet and a violin play the same note in the same octave?
A)The two musical instruments differ in their higher harmonics.
B)The two musical instruments differ in their fundamental frequency.
C)The clarinet has a larger amplitude than the violin.
D)The violin has a wider phase that the clarinet.
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Chapter 11: The Auditory Brain and Sound Localization
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60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the functions of the medial superior olive is to ______.
A)determine discrepancies between harmonics in the sound signal
B)detect interaural time differences
C)determine the loudness of the sound signal
D)determine the size of a target
Q2) Give an example of how bats use biosonar to determine the size and distance of targets.
Q3) An area within primary auditory cortex responds best to tones of 1000 Hz.An area adjacent to that region responds best to tones of 1005 Hz.Which principles does this observation best illustrate?
A)auditory scene analysis
B)tonotopic organization
C)Doppler shifts
D)the Helmholtz-Hertz principle of frequency discrimination
Q4) Explain spectral segregation and give an example.
Q5) Reverberation time represents the difference between the onset of direct sound and the first onset of indirect sound.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain spatial segregation and give an example.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Speech Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Formants are the ______.
A)basic units of sound in human language
B)points along the vocal tract where airflow can be constricted to make certain sounds
C)placing of voicing in the speech signal
D)frequency bands with higher amplitudes among the harmonics of a vowel sound
Q2) Patient MC speaks fluently, but he often produces words that make no sense.He has extreme difficulties understanding others' speech, especially when he cannot see their face.Your diagnosis?
A)Fowler's aphasia
B)Broca's aphasia
C)Wernicke's aphasia
D)phonemic agnosia
Q3) Coarticulation is the phenomenon in which one phoneme affects the acoustic properties of subsequent phonemes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The average speaker may talk at a rate of roughly one word every 50 ms.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Music Perception
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59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person is presented with a tone at 400 Hz and a tone at 420 Hz, and then is presented with one at 500 Hz and one at 1000 Hz.Which pair will sound more similar and why?
A)The 500 and 1000 Hz tones will sound more similar because they define an octave.
B)The 400 and 420 Hz tones will sound more similar because they are closer together in pitch.
C)The 400 and 420 Hz tones will sound more similar because one is a harmonic of the other.
D)The 500 and 1000 Hz tones will sound more similar because we have lower thresholds for the higher frequencies.
Q2) Jeven has spent his life drumming in bands that feature traditional Western rhythms.He has been asked by his friend, Carl, to join a band that follows West African traditions and rhythms.What can Jeven expect to experience in his new band?
A)more use of harmonic tones
B)less emphasis on rhythm
C)decreased syncopation
D)increased syncopation
Q3) Describe the relationship between pitch and frequency.
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Chapter 14: Touch and Pain
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A marathon runner is nearing the end of a race when her body starts to produce endogenous opioids.These chemicals will ______.
A)generate muscle spasms
B)reduce fatigue and pain
C)induce vomiting
D)cause shortness of breath
Q2) A model that allows for top-down control of the pain signal coming up the spinal cord is known as the ______ theory of pain.
A)endogenous
B)lateral root
C)gate control
D)nociceptive
Q3) When the dorsal horn receives feedback from the cerebral cortex, it can ______.
A)alter the signal from the warm fibers and instead signal from cold fibers
B)change mechanoreceptor signals to reflect intended experience rather than actual experience
C)inhibit the neural signal that allows the upward flow of pain information
D)intensify the neural signal that allows the lateral flow of pain information
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16
Chapter 15: Olfaction and Taste
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59 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Helena is doing a science experiment with her friends.She is sure people can recognize smells, so she gives them a series of items to smell and identify, but to her dismay, they are barely able to label any of them properly.Then she gives them a list of choices for each smell.What kind of results should she expect to see this time?
A)an insignificant difference in the number of correctly identified smells
B)a substantial increase in the number of correctly identified smells
C)a minimal increase in the number of correctly identified smells
D)a moderate decrease in the number of correctly identified smells
Q2) Stimulation of the ______ is what causes people to cry when they slice fresh onions.
A)trigeminal nerve
B)gustatory nerve
C)olfactory interface nerve
D)nasal canal
Q3) Presenting test subjects with a vial of colored liquid can cause them to report smelling something even when no odorants are present.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Briefly describe how experience of flavor and taste differ.
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