Cognitive Psychology Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Cognitive Psychology explores the mental processes underlying human behavior, focusing on how people perceive, process, and store information. The course examines core topics such as attention, perception, memory, language, problem-solving, decision making, and reasoning. By studying classic and contemporary research, students will develop an understanding of how cognitive functions operate both independently and together, and how these processes inform our understanding of learning, intelligence, and everyday experiences. Insights from cognitive psychology are also applied to fields such as artificial intelligence, education, and clinical practice.
Recommended Textbook
Psychological Science 5th Edition by Michael Gazzaniga
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15 Chapters
2560 Verified Questions
2560 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between cultural evolution and biological evolution?
A) Cultural evolution sets the stage for biological evolution.
B) Cultural evolution has taken over biological evolution.
C) Cultural evolution has occurred more rapidly than biological evolution.
D) Cultural evolution works against biological evolution.
Answer: C
Q2) With respect to the mind/body problem,which of the following alternatives best captures the view of dualism held by contemporary psychological scientists?
A) Most psychological scientists reject dualism.
B) Most psychological scientists accept dualism.
C) While many psychological scientists reject dualism,a growing minority promote a return to dualism.
D) While many psychological scientists accept dualism,a growing minority reject the view.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Research Methodology
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160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jana conducts a study and finds a positive relationship between sensitive parenting and children's academic achievement.If she wants to make a judgment as to whether the same pattern would be found in the population,she would use:
A) correlation coefficients.
B) measures of central tendency.
C) inferential statistics.
D) meta-analysis.
Answer: C
Q2) When a researcher joins a social group and talks to the members in order to study that group,the approach is referred to as:
A) a self-report method.
B) participant observation.
C) experience sampling.
D) response performance.
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Biology and Behavior
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200 Verified Questions
200 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Smith children,although genetically related,all show slight variations in the color of their skin.These variations are most likely the result of:
A) single genotype expression.
B) cell division.
C) polygenic effects.
D) dominant gene effects.
Answer: C
Q2) At conception,one's ________ is fixed,whereas one's ________ is always changing throughout one's lifetime.
A) genotype; phenotype
B) phenotype; genotype
C) genotype; dominant gene
D) dominant gene; genotype
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) A mind-altering substance that changes the brain's neurochemistry by activating neurotransmitter receptors is called a:
A) neuromodulator.
B) neurotoxin.
C) psychoactive drug.
D) psychoendorphin.
Q2) Dreams occurring during REM sleep are ________; dreams occurring during non-REM sleep are ________.
A) dull and mundane; bizarre and highly emotional
B) bizarre and highly emotional; dull and mundane
C) likely to include visual hallucinations and illogical content; likely to include auditory hallucinations
D) likely to include auditory hallucinations and loss of time and space; likely to include visual hallucinations and illogical content
Q3) Which of the following is NOT associated with receiving lower test scores?
A) taking notes on a laptop during class
B) surfing the Internet on a laptop during class
C) sitting next to someone who is taking notes on a laptop during class
D) sitting next to someone who is surfing the Internet on a laptop during class
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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200 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sean is three years old and was born with a severe hearing impairment,but his parents both have normal hearing.Sean currently has hearing aids to help him hear,but his parents are considering a cochlear implant for him.What would be most likely to keep Sean's parents from agreeing to the procedure?
A) They want him to be welcomed by the deaf community.
B) They fear that he will lose his residual hearing.
C) They are afraid he will be unable to learn sign language.
D) They are worried that he is too young to receive the implant.
Q2) Ultimately,changes in air pressure underlie the sense of:
A) audition.
B) olfaction.
C) gustation.
D) vision.
Q3) Subjects participating in an MRI study are shown pictures of several kinds of faces.To which of these types of faces will the fusiform gyrus show the greatest activation?
A) any upright face
B) any upside-down face
C) a face gazing to the left
D) a face gazing to the right
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Learning
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160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Rescorla-Wagner model of the cognitive components of conditioning states that the strength of the conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus association depends on how ________ the unconditioned stimulus is.
A) rewarding
B) evolutionarily significant
C) fearful
D) unexpected
Q2) In what technique are successive approximations used?
A) shaping
B) taste aversion
C) biological preparedness
D) punishment
Q3) Billy has watched many movies in which the hero smokes cigarettes.When Billy identifies with these heroes and begins to smoke,what psychological term might be used to describe his behavior?
A) vicarious reinforcement
B) modeling
C) positive reinforcement
D) mirroring
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Storage in this memory system is brief and represents a sensory experience.
A) short-term memory
B) long-term memory
C) sensory memory
D) working memory
Q2) Most forgetting is due to _____ not _____.
A) decay; interference
B) interference; transience
C) transience; absentmindedness
D) absentmindedness; transience
Q3) The inability to retrieve information from long-term memory is:
A) forgetting.
B) memory loss.
C) inattention.
D) none of the above.
Q4) Why is memory not a perfect record of everything we see and experience?
A) We need to remember details of events.
B) It would take up too much of our limited long-term memory storage.
C) Attention is limited.
D) Neural networks are too limited.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
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160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The finding that IQ scores have increased dramatically over the last century is known as:
A) the 100-year effect.
B) enrichment effects.
C) the Flynn effect.
D) neurogenesis.
Q2) The Flynn effect suggests that what factor has NOT been involved in the increase in IQ scores over the last century?
A) education
B) technology
C) genetics
D) nutrition
Q3) Emotional intelligence encompasses which of Gardner's multiple intelligences?
A) verbal and intrapersonal
B) interpersonal and kinesthetic
C) interpersonal and intrapersonal
D) verbal and kinesthetic
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following statements are true of attachment EXCEPT:
A) attachment is important because it promotes survival.
B) attachment occurs in many animals,not just humans.
C) attachment can occur at any age and does not show the typical sensitive period.
D) behaviors that indicate the type of attachment include separation anxiety.
Q2) Your friend just gave birth to a set of fraternal twins,Sally (girl)and Peter (boy).What is the main factor that has already influenced the gender identities of the twins?
A) brain chemistry
B) socialization
C) hormones from the placenta
D) nothing-the two children have the same gender identity at this point
Q3) Erikson's final stage of psychosocial adjustment takes place in:
A) childhood.
B) adolescence.
C) adulthood.
D) old age.
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11
Chapter 10: Emotion and Motivation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dagmar and Bjorg have gone down the most demanding ski trail at the resort.Back at the lodge,they suddenly find that their attraction for each other has increased greatly.This effect is most likely due to:
A) display rules.
B) excitation transfer.
C) subjective emotional appraisal.
D) cognitive analysis.
Q2) Freud's pleasure principle may explain why:
A) animals prefer to eat sweets.
B) we have sex to reproduce.
C) people self-regulate.
D) sour foods are considered delicacies.
Q3) Donato and Quincy are identical twins who were separated at birth.Donato tends to be fearful of many things and can easily be made to feel guilty.If these same qualities were evaluated in Quincy,you would expect that he would have ________ of fear and ________ of guilt.
A) high levels; unpredictable levels
B) unpredictable levels; high levels
C) high levels; high levels
D) unpredictable levels; unpredictable levels
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Chapter 11: Health and Well-Being
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Sample Questions
Q1) Immune functioning and the experience of positive events have been shown to:
A) be negatively correlated.
B) have a random relationship.
C) be positively correlated.
D) be positively correlated in women and negatively correlated in men.
Q2) In a well-known study of California men,being hostile and impatient was found to be related to ________,which shows that ________.
A) heart disease; genes control the development of disease
B) immune functioning; stress is a function of lifestyle
C) heart disease; psychological factors are important in disease development
D) hormonal dysfunction; gender will have an effect on disease development
Q3) As compared to men,women are ________ to respond to a natural disaster with an increased production of oxytocin.
A) equally likely
B) more likely
C) somewhat less likely
D) much less likely
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13
Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Larry comes to college absolutely believing that it is wrong to ever drink alcohol.After a while,he starts to drink moderately at parties.What would dissonance theory suggest that Larry will do and why?
A) decide drinking is wrong but that he needs to drink in college
B) start drinking more because of his anxiety
C) stop drinking again to resolve his anxiety
D) decide moderate drinking is not really a problem
Q2) Based on what you learned from this chapter,how might you minimize prejudice and discrimination in your community?
A) have members of different ethnic groups simply spend time together
B) keep members of different ethnic groups separated
C) employ computerized training to help members learn to override the effects of stereotypes
D) allow members to wear masks when interacting with each other
Q3) Self-esteem is one's attitude of:
A) others.
B) events.
C) ideas.
D) the self.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) The better-than-average effect applies to:
A) almost no one.
B) about 10 percent of the population.
C) about 30 percent of the population.
D) most of the population.
Q2) Which personality trait(s)is (are)seen across all cultures?
A) neuroticism
B) extraversion
C) openness
D) all of the possible options are correct
Q3) The current view of defense mechanisms suggests that they:
A) encourage moral decisions.
B) increase psychopathology.
C) support self-esteem.
D) decrease social interactions.
Q4) According to the work of Buss and Plomin,temperament in infancy is based upon:
A) activity level.
B) emotionality.
C) sociability.
D) all of the above.
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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following behavioral characteristics would tell you that a man you know is suffering from antisocial personality disorder rather than some other personality disorder?
A) He has a weak sense of self and does not like to be alone.
B) He shifts rapidly from one mood or emotion to another without any obvious reason.
C) He is uncaring and exploitative of others,with little obvious guilt.
D) He struggles with chronic feelings of emptiness and engages in self-mutilating behaviors.
Q2) Psychologists have noted that some forms of mental disorders are more common among lower socioeconomic groups.Which model of mental illness is best able to account for this observation?
A) family systems
B) sociocultural
C) cognitive-behavioral
D) diathesis-stress
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Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The individuals with borderline personality disorder who have the best prognosis are:
A) those who have received drug interventions.
B) those treated in an outpatient rather than an inpatient clinic.
C) those who have received dialectical behavior therapy.
D) those who have received intensive psychodynamic psychotherapy.
Q2) Brendon believes that he is worthless,that other people do not like him,and that he will never have satisfying interpersonal relationships.To counteract this belief,Brendon's therapist says to him,"Brendon,I like and appreciate you.I enjoy interacting with you.What do you think of that?" Brendon says,"Well,if you like me,I guess it makes me think I am not such a bad person after all." In discussing these issues with his therapist,Brendon starts to think differently about himself.The therapist is using ________ with Brendon.
A) expressed emotion
B) reflective listening
C) cognitive restructuring
D) modeling
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