Cognitive Psychology Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Cognitive Psychology explores the mental processes underlying human behavior, such as perception, attention, memory, language, problem-solving, and decision-making. This course examines the theoretical frameworks and empirical research that have shaped our understanding of how information is acquired, processed, and stored by the mind. Through discussions of classic and contemporary studies, students gain insight into the mechanisms of cognition, individual differences, and practical applications in areas like learning and artificial intelligence. The course emphasizes critical analysis of research findings and the development of scientific thinking skills within the field of psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Psychological Science 5th Edition by
Michael Gazzaniga
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15 Chapters
2560 Verified Questions
2560 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which level of analysis in psychology is correctly matched with an example?
A) biological-testing how men and women differ in negotiations
B) individual-examining how large and small groups compromise during negotiations
C) social-studying what personality traits make one a better negotiator
D) cultural-exploring how the country in which one grows up impacts negotiation skills
Answer: D
Q2) Allanah is a psychology major.Which of the following best describes what Allanah will learn about?
A) the structure and function of the brain
B) mental disorders and their treatments
C) feelings and other subjective states
D) the mind,the brain,and behavior
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Research Methodology
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose a researcher intended to study people's levels of happiness by monitoring how often they smile or laugh when watching a movie.If this measurement does not really indicate level of happiness,psychologists would say that the data are NOT:
A) systematic.
B) reliable.
C) valid.
D) event related.
Answer: C
Q2) If a researcher created two groups by assigning the first 30 people to the experimental group and the last 30 to the control group,the process would violate the principle of:
A) variability.
B) generalization.
C) random assignment.
D) correlational research.
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Biology and Behavior
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200 Verified Questions
200 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The basal ganglia is a system of subcortical structures critical for:
A) planning and producing movement.
B) regulating emotions.
C) synthesizing incoming information.
D) thinking.
Answer: A
Q2) Penny consumes a recreational drug.She finds that she is extremely sensitive to what is going on around her,too vigilant in fact.The drug Penny consumed seems to enhance the activity of the neurotransmitter:
A) serotonin.
B) GABA.
C) norepinephrine.
D) glutamate.
Answer: C
Q3) The basic building blocks of the nervous system are the:
A) neurons.
B) synapses.
C) dendrites.
D) glial cells.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Consciousness
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for addiction?
A) positive drug expectations
B) damage to the insula
C) certain personality traits
D) identification with high-risk groups
Q2) What part of the brain is known as the interpreter?
A) the right hemisphere,in that it likes to construct a world that makes sense
B) the parietal lobe,because it regulates all information and helps translate speech
C) the left hemisphere,because it is vital in constructing a world that makes sense
D) the frontal lobe,because it deals with higher-order thinking
Q3) Which of the following is NOT an example of an altered state of consciousness similar to meditation?
A) runner's high
B) flow
C) religious ecstasy
D) distraction
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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200 Verified Questions
200 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pheromone receptors are most like:
A) auditory hair cells.
B) olfactory receptors.
C) photoreceptors.
D) taste buds.
Q2) Ayelet is trying to draw a picture of two people on opposite sides of a river.No matter how carefully she tries to draw the two people the same size,the person who is supposed to be on the distant side seems to be much taller than the person who is supposed to be on the closer side.You could explain that the depth cue of ________ means that she will need to draw ________ of the person who is to be seen as farther away.
A) relative size; a smaller image
B) relative size; a larger image
C) familiar size; a larger image
D) familiar size; a smaller image
Q3) Taste receptor cells are to the gustatory system as:
A) hair cells are to the auditory system.
B) thalamic cells are to the olfactory system.
C) ganglion cells are to the visual system.
D) the pain gate is to haptic perception.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Learning
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Habituation and sensitization come about because of:
A) a physical connection that forms between two neurons.
B) growth of additional neurons.
C) changes in neurotransmitter release in the presynaptic neuron.
D) changes in neurotransmitter release in the postsynaptic neuron.
Q2) When using shaping,it is important to reinforce:
A) the first behavior the animal performs.
B) the last behavior the animal performs.
C) both the first and last behavior the animal performs.
D) successive approximations of the desired behavior.
Q3) Token economies are an example of the ways mental health hospitals and other training centers use:
A) shaping.
B) primary reinforcement.
C) continuous reinforcement.
D) secondary reinforcement.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a retrieval cue is present in the environment,then a(n)_____ process is used to recall a prospective memory.If a retrieval cue is not present,then a(n)_____ process is used to recall the prospective memory.
A) automatic; automatic
B) controlled; controlled
C) controlled; automatic
D) automatic; controlled
Q2) If you study in the same room in which you take an exam,you will probably do better on the exam than if you had studied somewhere else.This outcome occurs because of _____ memory,which is a form of _____.
A) context-dependent; hierarchical storage
B) state-dependent; hierarchical storage
C) context-dependent; encoding specificity
D) state-dependent; encoding specificity
Q3) Short-term memory:
A) has a limited capacity
B) has an unlimited capacity
C) retains information for up to an hour
D) lasts a lifetime
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When David first moved to Austin,he had to rely on the GPS in his car.Over time,David found that he could navigate the city without using his GPS because he knew information about sections of the city and had a rough idea of its shape.David must have developed a ________ of the city.
A) symbolic representation
B) mental map
C) prototype
D) analogical representation
Q2) The average adult knows about:
A) 20,000 words.
B) 40,000 words.
C) 60,000 words.
D) 20,000 to 60,000 words,depending on which language the adult has learned.
Q3) Creole languages illustrate:
A) purity of a single language.
B) that signed languages are learned in stages similar to spoken languages.
C) the regularity of grammatical rules across languages.
D) unique phonemes.
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10
Chapter 9: Human Development
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200 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ayeesha was raised in a safe neighborhood with consistent parenting presence from both her mother and father.Priya was raised in a rough neighborhood with frequent robberies.Her mother was an inconsistent presence in her life.Based on these facts alone,what could you conclude about the relative rate that these girls would go through puberty?
A) Ayeesha will likely go through puberty first because there were no threat cues in her environment.
B) Priya will likely go through puberty first because there were a lot of threat cues in her environment.
C) They will likely start puberty at the same time,but Ayeesha will develop more quickly.
D) Their pubertal paths will likely be the same because the environment does not influence puberty at all.
Q2) What is the relationship between moral reasoning and moral emotions?
A) They are unrelated.
B) Moral emotions cannot occur until moral reasoning develops.
C) Moral reasoning cannot occur until moral emotions develop.
D) Each is enhanced by development of the other.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Emotion and Motivation
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160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which hormone is released during sexual arousal and orgasm in both men and women?
A) estrogen
B) testosterone
C) oxytocin
D) serotonin
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of people with a high achievement motive?
A) having unrealistically high career goals
B) setting attainable personal goals
C) scoring high on exams
D) obtaining high grades in career-related classes
Q3) Theories of motivation that are based on biological drives have trouble explaining why people engage in behaviors that:
A) do not satisfy biological needs.
B) do not generate high levels of arousal.
C) are not motivated by specific goals.
D) are maladaptive and habitual.
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12
Chapter 11: Health and Well-Being
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160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) People who live in St.Petersburg recently experienced flooding of their homes and hail damage during a particularly bad storm.People in Miami did not experience this storm.Who will have better immune functioning,and why?
A) People in Miami will have better immune functioning because they used better anticipatory coping.
B) People in Miami will have better immune functioning because they did not experience the negative event.
C) People in St.Petersburg will have better immune functioning because they are working to overcome a eustress event.
D) People in neither town will experience better immune functioning because immune functioning is largely due to genetics,not environmental events.
Q2) Gustoff has begun to succumb to his illness and is no longer able to cope constructively with its stressors.According to Selye,he is in the ________ stage.
A) alarm
B) exhaustion
C) resistance
D) pituitary
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Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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200 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of the following ways are long-distance relationships most different from relationships with partners that are geographically close?
A) similarity
B) proximity
C) attractiveness
D) aggression
Q2) Different brain regions are activated when we consider ingroup versus outgroup members.For instance,the ________ is activated when we engage in ingroup bias,but is less active when we consider members of outgroups.
A) medial prefrontal cortex
B) amygdala
C) nucleus accumbens
D) insula
Q3) Gottman has found that a marriage that has ________ as many positive as negative interactions is in good shape.
A) three times
B) twice
C) five times
D) four times
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Personality
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cataline is from Zimbabwe in Africa.Wakako is from Japan.Which person is likely to rate herself higher on agreeableness?
A) Cataline
B) Wakako
C) both will rate themselves equally high
D) both will rate themselves equally low
Q2) The cocktail party phenomenon provides evidence that:
A) most people prefer being around others to being alone.
B) when people gossip about others,they tend to do so in small groups rather than in large groups.
C) people process information relevant to the self automatically and deeply.
D) the behavioral inhibition system of extraverts is inactive during social situations.
Q3) According to Gordon Allport,personality:
A) is largely contingent on one's environment.
B) is a dynamic system arising from biological processes.
C) is largely a social construction.
D) is the outcome of how people think and behave rather than the cause of thought and behavior.
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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The diathesis-stress model of mental disorders argues that:
A) stress is the primary cause of mental disorders.
B) trauma is the primary cause of mental disorders.
C) factors that impair our ability to cope with stress are the primary cause of mental disorders.
D) we can have a predisposition to a mental disorder without ever developing it.
Q2) Psychologists who argue for the importance of biological factors in mental disorders use all of the following kinds of evidence to support this approach EXCEPT:
A) studies of the rates of mental disorders in fraternal versus identical twins.
B) studies of environmental factors,such as diet and toxins,on mental health.
C) structural imaging of the brain in people with various mental disorders.
D) experiments involving gene alteration in individuals with mental disorders.
Q3) Which of the following experiences is NOT a symptom of a panic attack?
A) sweating
B) high heart rate
C) feelings of going crazy or dying
D) irresistible fatigue
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16
Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Johnny's therapy for depression is quite simple: His therapist has asked him to write down every instance of a negative thought and to challenge each of these thoughts so they become less automatic.For example,Johnny can attempt to gather evidence for his negative beliefs (which he probably will not find)or he can attempt to view the same situation from a neutral or even positive point of view.The therapist who is treating Johnny is most like:
A) Aaron Beck.
B)B.F.Skinner.
C) Marsha Linehan.
D) Carl Rogers.
Q2) One of the most effective treatments for panic disorder is ________ because it helps people ________.
A) cognitive therapy; correct their overestimation of the danger involved in a panic attack
B) client-centered therapy; challenge their sense of low self-control
C) tranquilizer therapy; pair panic experiences with relaxation
D) electroconvulsive therapy; compare their own mildly distressing symptoms to strong and persistent physical discomfort
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