Cognitive Psychology Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Cognitive Psychology explores the mental processes underlying human behavior, focusing on how we perceive, remember, think, and solve problems. This course examines fundamental topics such as attention, memory, language, learning, reasoning, and decision-making. Through both theoretical frameworks and experimental findings, students gain insight into how information is acquired, processed, and utilized by the mind. The course also considers practical applications and implications of cognitive research in areas such as education, mental health, and artificial intelligence.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology From Inquiry to Understanding 2nd Australia Edition by Scott O. Lilienfeld
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17 Chapters
2610 Verified Questions
2610 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Science and Pseudoscience in Psychology
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose you were one of the early graduate students in the newly-developed field of psychology. Your mentor is interested in discovering the answers to questions like, "Why is the ability to forget helpful?" "How do emotions assist us in social situations?" and "Why is self-presentation a useful technique for gaining social rewards?" Your mentor's approach is most consistent with the ________ perspective.
A)behaviourist
B)functionalist
C)psychoanalytic
D)structuralist
Answer: B
Q2) The major difference between pseudoscience and science is that A)pseudoscience addresses different questions than science.
B)pseudoscience is less similar to popular psychology than science is.
C)pseudoscience lacks the safeguards against confirmation biases that characterise science.
D)pseudoscience lacks the general level of public support that characterises science.
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Research Methods
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When assessing patients' personalities using an "ink blot" test that she created, Dr Hardcastle is gaining confidence in the test's reliability. Which of the following is likely to be happening?
A)Her patients are enjoying being tested every day.
B)The test is generating approximately the same results each time.
C)The test is measuring what it is supposed to be measuring.
D)The test is likely to be uninformative.
Answer: B
Q2) If there is no discernible relationship between scores on students' homework assignments and their exam scores in an introductory psychology class, we would say that a(n)________ correlation exists.
A)inverse
B)negative
C)positive
D)zero
Answer: D
Q3) According to the authors, many superstitious behaviours result from ________.
Answer: illusory correlation
Q4) The preferred measure of variability in descriptive statistics is the ________.
Answer: standard deviation
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Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A functional MRI indirectly
A)applies magnetic fields to the brain.
B)measures tiny magnetic fields.
C)shows promise as a treatment for depression.
D)indicates changes in neural activity.
Answer: D
Q2) The main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system is
A)glutamate.
B)gamma-aminobutyric acid.
C)acetylcholine.
D)serotonin.
Answer: B
Q3) One theory of infantile autism suggests that ________ may be the cause of the disorder.
A)inadequate synaptogenesis
B)inadequate dendrite and axon growth
C)inadequate pruning
D)inadequate myelination
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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141 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The average human being has more than ________ olfactory genes.
A)1000
B)10 000
C)100 000
D)1 000 000
Q2) Jan can see objects well up close, but they appear blurry from afar. She is probably
A)colour blind.
B)nearsighted.
C)farsighted.
D)developing a cataract.
Q3) Once sound waves have been converted into neural activity, the ________ carries them to the brain for auditory perception.
A)auditory nerve
B)basilar membrane
C)cochlea
D)pinna
Q4) The ability to perceive stimuli consistently despite variations in viewing conditions is called ________.
Q5) The sensory receptors associated with vision are located in the ________.
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Chapter 5: Consciousness
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following drugs is categorised as a depressant?
A)Cocaine
B)LSD
C)Alcohol
D)Marijuana
Q2) Sleep research has continually shown that children spend more of their night getting deep sleep than do adults. This deep sleep corresponds to what stage(s)of sleep?
A)REM
B)Stages 2 and 3
C)Stage 3 and REM
D)Stages 3 and 4
Q3) What term do sleep researchers use to designate stages 1 to 4 of sleep?
A)REM sleep
B)Non-REM sleep
C)REMN sleep
D)Paradoxical sleep
Q4) Why are many psychologists sceptical of claims that hypnosis represents a true altered state of consciousness?
Q5) The ________ theory focuses entirely on the biological underpinnings of dreams.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Albert Bandura and his colleagues were able to get the same findings in their observational learning research when children watched aggressive models on film as they did when children watched aggressive models in person. This lent additional support for Bandura's claims that observational learning represents a significant process by which certain behaviours are acquired. This demonstrates the critical-thinking concept of ________.
A)extraordinary claims
B)correlation versus causation
C)falsifiability
D)replicability
Q2) When Bobby is hungry, tired, and thirsty, he resolves this by getting food, water, and sleep. These are examples of ________.
A)primary reinforcement
B)secondary reinforcement
C)intermittent reinforcement
D)partial reinforcement
Q3) In Watson's study involving "Little Albert", a ________ was the CS.
Q4) Employees who work 40 hours per week are most likely to be paid on a(n)________ schedule.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr James advises that if you study for your next psychology exam in the same room where you take the exam, your score will improve. He is basing this advice on
A)state-dependent learning.
B)recognition specificity.
C)context-dependent learning.
D)familiarity schemas.
Q2) Which of the following is a legitimate criticism of the use of schemas in remembering?
A)Schemas always lead to stereotypical categorisations of the world.
B)The use of schemas can lead us to remember things that never happened.
C)Schemas over-rely on explicit memory and under-rely on implicit memory.
D)Schemas are far too likely to lead to script-based behaviours.
Q3) Which of the following situations is most likely to create a flashbulb memory?
A)Watching a favourite movie for the 15th time
B)Playing tennis with a friend
C)Finding out that one or one's partner is pregnant
D)Attending a basketball game with one's father and grandfather
Q4) The memory system with the largest storage capacity is ________.
Q5) The process of retaining information in memory is called ________.
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Reasoning and Language
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A loose screw on the visor causes it to drop down while Ben drives; however, he keeps forgetting to take a screwdriver out to the car to fix it. When he notices the visor drop again, he reaches into his pocket for a dime he uses to tighten the screw holding the visor. What problem-solving difficulty did Ben overcome?
A)Relative comparison
B)Functional fixedness
C)Poor problem representation
D)The representative heuristic
Q2) As noted in both Chapters 2 and 8, human beings tend to be cognitive ________; that is, we economise mentally in a variety of ways that reduce our mental effort.
Q3) According to famed linguist Noam Chomsky, humans have an innate ability to understand and produce language through a device he called
A)syntax synthesiser (SS).
B)grammar grabber (GG).
C)language acquisition device (LAD).
D)language learning system (LLS).
Q4) ________ refers to the rules of a language that guide us in the proper ways to construct a sentence.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Intelligence and Iq Testing
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) This person devised a simple formula for calculating an index of intelligence, or intelligence quotient (IQ).
A)Theo Simon
B)Wilhelm Stern
C)Franz Gall
D)Louis Thurstone
Q2) Kabi is a well-respected supervisor at a major corporation. Co-workers describe her as very self-aware, empathic toward others, and very good at managing relationships. Based on this information, it is likely that Kabi has a high degree of
A)heritability.
B)emotional intelligence.
C)convergent thinking abilities.
D)culture-fair intelligence.
Q3) IQ tests for children tend to measure ________, while adult IQ tests tend to measure ________.
A)logical reasoning; abstract reasoning
B)comprehension; abstract reasoning
C)memory skills; abstract reasoning
D)sensory skills; abstract reasoning
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Human Development
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164 Verified Questions
164 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The major issue of ________ explores how development is influenced by both genetics and life experiences.
A)continuity-stages
B)nature-nurture
C)plasticity-formidity
D)stability-change
Q2) The Carmichaels do not believe in punishing their children; instead, they shape their children's behaviours by praising them and showering them with affection. This parenting style most closely resembles
A)authoritarian parenting.
B)permissive parenting.
C)uninvolved parenting.
D)authoritative parenting.
Q3) The termination of menstruation signalling the end of a woman's reproductive potential is termed ________.
Q4) Environmental factors that can exert a negative impact on prenatal development are called ________.
Q5) What tasks could be presented to students to assess whether they have entered Piaget's formal operations stage of development?
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Chapter 11: Emotion and Motivation
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) People tend to overestimate how easily others can understand the intended meaning of their email messages. Misunderstood message meanings are often caused by the lack of ________ behaviour.
Q2) A gesture that conveys conventional meanings that are recognised by members of a given culture, such as a hand wave or a nod of the head, is called a(n)________.
A)archetype
B)emblem
C)illustrator
D)manipulator
Q3) Many people believe the "common sense" view of emotions that states "we react physically and behaviourally to the emotions that we are feeling". The James-Lange view, however, takes the opposite approach. It suggests that emotions don't lead to behaviours, but that behaviours lead to emotions. These opposing views remind us to consider
A)the concept of Occam's Razor.
B)falsifiability.
C)that correlation does not imply causation.
D)replicability.
Q4) The study of personal spaces is called ________.
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Chapter 12: Stress, Coping and Health
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139 Verified Questions
139 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Disclosing painful feelings is known as ________.
A)liberation
B)releasing
C)debriefing
D)catharsis
Q2) Vanna's mother is ill and Vanna is feeling overwhelmed and sad. To cope with this stress of her mother's illness, Vanna has been writing her feelings down in a journal. Vanna is using ________.
A)problem-focused coping
B)emotion-focused coping
C)distraction
D)reappraisal
Q3) What is the correct sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome?
A)Resistance, alarm, exhaustion
B)Exhaustion, resistance, alarm
C)Alarm, exhaustion, resistance
D)Alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Q4) Researchers have demonstrated that stressful events such as natural disasters, can ________ communities.
Q5) Discuss the role of stress in coronary heart disease (CHD).
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
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Sample
Questions
Q1) Milgram examined other explanations for obedience and was able to manipulate the independent variables such as the amount of feedback and proximity from the learner to the teacher, and the physical proximity and prestige of the experimenter. Milgram was not only trying to replicate his original findings, but he was also trying to demonstrate which of the other principles of scientific thinking?
A)Falsifiability
B)Replicability
C)Ruling out rival hypotheses
D)Occam's Razor
Q2) According to research, humans have a biological need for interpersonal interactions. This is called the ________.
A)need-for-friends theory
B)need-for-intimacy theory
C)need-for-interpersonal-interactions theory
D)need-to-belong theory
Q3) The mere presence of others can enhance our performance in a phenomenon known as ________.
Q4) Can the Milgram obedience study and the Zimbardo prison study be considered ethical? Could they be conducted today?
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Chapter 14: Cross-Cultural Psychology
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59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why are some European governments funding research into understanding and measuring the intelligence of the children of Romany and other itinerant people?
A)Itinerant people often do not encourage their children to attend school.
B)Governments want itinerant people to settle down in one location.
C)Romany families frequently cross several state boundaries in the course of a year.
D)Existing intelligence tests are not "culturally fair" to itinerant children.
Q2) Culture helps us to ________ ourselves and interact with others.
Q3) The orientation that assumes basic psychological processes to be common across human species is ________.
A)relativism
B)universalism
C)absolutism
D)culturalism
Q4) Progress towards provision of culturally appropriate mental health interventions requires specific ________ and development of mental health professionals
Q5) Outline the main features of the ABC model of culture shock. How does this model incorporate the features of earlier models of acculturation?
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Personality
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A major difference between the humanists and both the behaviourists and psychodynamic theorists is the humanists' focus on
A)the destructive side of human nature.
B)free will.
C)the scientific method.
D)unconscious information processing.
Q2) The extent to which people believe that reinforcers and punishers lie inside or outside of their control refers to
A)humanism.
B)locus of control.
C)self-actualisation.
D)archetypes.
Q3) Freud placed much more emphasis on ________ than did either Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, or Carl Jung.
A)the unconscious
B)sexuality
C)anxiety
D)childhood
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Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Janelle is a 23-year-old woman who is living happily in Australia. She has a relative who recently developed the symptoms of schizophrenia. Janelle has the highest chance of developing the illness if that relative is
A)James, her 23-year-old fraternal twin.
B)Jamie, her 52-year-old biological mother.
C)Janette, her 23-year-old identical twin.
D)Jennifer, her 75-year-old grandmother.
Q2) Which of the following is a disorder that takes the form of a bodily ailment that has no physical cause?
A)Anxiety
B)Somatic symptom
C)Dissociative
D)Psychophysiological
Q3) According to the ________ model, cases of dissociative identity disorder arise from a history of severe abuse-physical, sexual, or both-during early childhood.
A)posttraumatic
B)psychoreactive
C)repressed memory
D)iatrogenic
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is considered a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?
A)Sertraline
B)Clozapine
C)Lorazepam
D)Atomoxetine
Q2) In ________, therapists teach clients to avoid extreme reactions to others' unreasonable demands, such as submissiveness and aggressiveness.
A)participant modelling
B)behavioural rehearsal
C)therapist modelling
D)assertion training
Q3) By watching other group members engaged in her feared situation, going up to a stranger and engaging in conversation, LuEllen was able to see how she, too, could be successful in this situation. This is one example of the observational learning technique of participant ________.
Q4) Wallace is forced to confront his fear of germs by cleaning the private bathroom in his psychotherapist's office. Wallace's doctor is using ________ therapy to extinguish his fear.
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