Course Introduction
Cognitive Psychology Exam Preparation Guide
Cognitive Psychology explores the mental processes underlying human behavior, including perception, attention, memory, language, problem solving, and decision making. This course examines how people acquire, process, and store information, drawing on experimental research and theoretical models. Students will investigate the mechanisms of thought and how cognitive functions are influenced by factors such as development, emotion, and neurobiology. Emphasis is placed on practical applications and the relevance of cognitive principles to everyday life and various professional fields.
Recommended Textbook
Psychological Science 4th Edition by Michael Gazzaniga
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15 Chapters
2828 Verified Questions
2828 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1015
2
Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20126
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following changes did John Stuart Mill advocate for the field of psychology?
A) to move from the study of the mind to the study of the body
B) to move from the study of the body to the study of the mind
C) to move from speculation to observation and experimentation
D) to move from experimentation and observation to speculation
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following subfields of psychology is INCORRECTLY matched with its description?
A) neuroscience-examines the relationship between the nervous system and behavior
B) cognitive-examines how people grow and change from conception to death
C) experimental-examines the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking
D) clinical-deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Research Methodology
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20127
Sample Questions
Q1) George is looking for a research project.He could make use of theory because:
A) theories are shown to be true, so subsequent research is successful
B) one of the benefits of theories is that they lead to testable hypotheses
C) a theory can be successfully replicated by researchers
D) theories are likely to result in serendipity, which leads to successful research
Answer: B
Q2) The systematic recording of overt behavior of human and nonhuman animals in their natural environment involves what research strategy?
A) observational techniques
B) case studies
C) psychophysiological assessment
D) response performance strategies
Answer: A
Q3) Research that is done to test a theory:
A) typically involves naturalistic observation
B) has to rely on self-report methods
C) involves systematic collection of data
D) relies on positive correlations rather than negative correlations
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Biology and Behavior
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214 Verified Questions
214 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As Andre came into the room in which his introductory psychology exam would take place,he noticed that his heart rate had increased due to his _____.As he settled into the test and was able to correctly answer the questions,he calmed down.This response was due to the _____.
A) endorphins; peripheral nervous system
B) sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system
C) central nervous system; peripheral nervous system
D) endocrine system; autonomic nervous system
Answer: B
Q2) When not active,neurons have a negative electrical charge.This is referred to as:
A) action potential
B) resting membrane potential
C) all-or-none principle
D) none of the above
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The size of an object's retinal image is _____ correlated with _____.
A) negatively; the amount of attention we pay to it
B) negatively; its distance
C) positively; the amount of attention we pay to it
D) positively; its distance
Q2) If you close one eye,you will still be able to use _____ as a depth cue,but you will not be able to use _____ as a depth cue.
A) linear perspective; occlusion
B) texture gradients; disparity
C) convergence; motion parallax
D) disparity; linear perspective
Q3) While you are on a boat,the captain exclaims,"Look,there's a dolphin!" What part of your processing stream allows you to locate the dolphin?
A) the ventral stream
B) the dorsal stream
C) the spatial stream
D) the perceptual stream
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Chapter 5: Consciousness
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20130
Sample Questions
Q1) To be considered a stimulant,a drug must _____ both _____ activity.
A) decrease; mental and behavioral
B) decrease; mental and emotional
C) increase; mental and behavioral
D) increase; mental and emotional
Q2) REM sleep is paradoxical because:
A) the brain is active, but the major skeletal muscles are paralyzed
B) the skeletal muscles remain active, but the brain is inactive
C) the brain is less active than it is during other sleep stages
D) dreams occur more often during REM sleep than during other sleep stages
Q3) A Freudian slip can best be described as a(n):
A) conscious thought that was verbally misleading
B) conscious thought that was expressed at an inappropriate time
C) unconscious thought that was expressed at an inappropriate time
D) unconscious thought that was meant to be expressed moments later
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a potential clinical use for hypnosis?
A) analgesia
B) relief from chronic pain
C) speeding surgical recovery
D) altering personality over a long time frame
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Learning
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177 Verified Questions
177 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the process whereby the conditioned response is weakened when it is no longer presented with the unconditioned stimulus?
A) extinction
B) reward
C) second-order conditioning
D) acquisition
Q2) When using shaping,it is important to reinforce:
A) the first behavior the animal performs
B) the last behavior the animal performs
C) both the first and last behavior the animal performs
D) successive approximations of the desired behavior
Q3) What is the name of the best-selling novel by A) Walden
B) Walden Two
C) 1984
D) Erehwon
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Chapter 7: Attention and Memory
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194 Verified Questions
194 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Samantha has just broken up with her boyfriend and is feeling very sad.She resolves to change her mood by thinking about happy things,but finds that she just keeps remembering other sad things.Samantha's experience can best be explained in terms of:
A) context-dependent memory
B) cognitive schemas
C) depth of processing
D) state-dependent memory
Q2) Consider the many ways in which you could organize the books in your library.You could sort them into groups with the same color cover.You could alphabetize them by the authors' last names or by the titles of the books.You could also sort them into groups with common themes.Which of these ways of organizing your library would be most like the way in which memories are organized in long-term memory?
A) alphabetize by title
B) group by common theme
C) alphabetize by authors' names
D) group by common color
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Chapter 8: Thinking and Intelligence
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213 Verified Questions
213 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ngwama has been asked to interview for a very prestigious job.She knows that very few people who are interviewed will be offered jobs by this company.She turns down the interview because she is afraid of how terrible she will feel if she interviews and is not offered a job.In refusing the interview,Ngwama was influenced by:
A) affective forecasting
B) projected regret
C) confirmation biases
D) subjective likelihoods
Q2) Jack and Kate,a married couple,have demanding jobs and too little time for their relationship.They decide that one of them needs to step down in his or her career,but they cannot agree on who should do it.Their marriage counselor is trying to get them to see that other solutions are possible.In doing this,the counselor is encouraging them to _____ their problem.
A) gain insight into
B) minimize the impact of C) rationalize
D) restructure
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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203 Verified Questions
203 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) To understand what infants know,researchers use experimental paradigms that take advantage of all the following processes EXCEPT:
A) habituation
B) preferential looking
C) crawling
D) orienting
Q2) Young children often have trouble knowing where they learned something.This phenomenon is referred to as:
A) infantile amnesia
B) autobiographical amnesia
C) source amnesia
D) confabulation
Q3) Very few synaptic connections between neurons will be made in the brain if:
A) myelination has not occurred
B) the child is not adequately stimulated
C) the child is in the preoperational stage
D) all teratogens have been avoided
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11
Chapter 10: Emotion and Motivation
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191 Verified Questions
191 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20135
Sample
Questions
Q1) Chayim has been writing his term paper in the library for almost 12 hours.He is getting very lonely,and he calls a friend to ask him to go to dinner.Chayim's loneliness is a(n)_____,and calling his friend is a(n)_____.
A) need; drive
B) incentive; goal
C) goal; incentive
D) drive; need
Q2) Jolene's mother does not like her boyfriend.The more her mother tells her that she is making a mistake,the more determined Jolene is to stay with her boyfriend.Jolene's behavior can be most clearly explained by:
A) intrinsic motivation
B) the pleasure principle
C) self-perception theory
D) psychological reactance
Q3) Freud's pleasure principle may explain why:
A) animals prefer to eat sweets
B) we have sex to reproduce
C) people self-regulate
D) sour foods are considered delicacies
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Health and Well-Being
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182 Verified Questions
182 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20136
Sample Questions
Q1) Juan-Carlos is extremely afraid of being attacked and killed by sharks,even though he very rarely goes swimming in the ocean.This example illustrates the fact that:
A) people often fear the wrong causes of death
B) both common and rare events are highly stressful
C) shark attacks are becoming increasingly common
D) men tend to be afraid of rare events, whereas women are afraid of more common events
Q2) Which country has the highest proportion of smokers worldwide?
A) United States
B) India
C) China
D) Japan
Q3) If,by magic,the general adaptation syndrome did not occur in human beings in response to a stressor,what would be the most likely outcome?
A) Humans would deal with stress in a more effective way.
B) The fight-or-flight response would be weakened or nonexistent.
C) Mental illness rates due to stress would increase.
D) Men would find it more difficult than women to cope with stress.
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Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20137
Sample Questions
Q1) Jagannath's best friend,Roger,really does not like Jagannath's new girlfriend,Malati.One way that Jagannath might change his friend's attitude is to:
A) talk to Roger about how great Malati is whenever the opportunity arises
B) have the three of them do several things together that Roger really enjoys
C) point out all the things that Roger and Malati have in common
D) tell Roger that he needs to learn to like Malati for them to remain friends
Q2) Which of the following factors is NOT among those included in Gottman's research on factors that create a good relationship?
A) showing affection regularly in simple ways
B) accurately describing the partner's character flaws and mistakes
C) learning how to handle conflict constructively
D) demonstrating interest in the partner
Q3) Behaving in a way that confirms stereotypes is referred to as:
A) stereotyping
B) discrimination
C) prejudice
D) self-fulfilling prophecy
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Chapter 13: Personality
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209 Verified Questions
209 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20138
Sample Questions
Q1) Which personality trait(s)are seen across all cultures?
A) neuroticism
B) extraversion
C) openness
D) all of the above
Q2) In Gray's model,the BAS responds to _____,whereas the BIS responds to _____.
A) genetic factors; environmental factors
B) rewards; punishments
C) pain; pleasure
D) social rejection; social approval
Q3) Personality consists of characteristic _____ that are relatively stable over time and circumstances.
A) thoughts
B) emotional responses
C) behaviors
D) all of the above
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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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209 Verified Questions
209 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20139
Sample Questions
Q1) Tom has often been in trouble with the justice system,appearing in court more than 20 times for instigating fights,stealing cars,or robbery.Tom seems to have no empathy for his victims,and has even laughed when talking about stealing from or hurting them.Tom would likely be diagnosed with:
A) multiple identity disorder
B) amoral apathy syndrome
C) antisocial personality disorder
D) narcissistic personality disorder
Q2) The first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)included which of the following?
A) an emphasis on the presumed causes of each of the mental disorders
B) a motive to describe disorders rather than identify their causes
C) biological thinking
D) learning theory
Q3) People suffering obsessive-compulsive disorder are:
A) unaware of the irrationality of their behavior
B) more likely to be male than female
C) aware that their obsessions and compulsions are irrational
D) typically diagnosed with the disorder in early childhood
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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238 Verified Questions
238 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20140
Sample Questions
Q1) According to your textbook,the prognosis for an autistic child is:
A) poor because problematic behaviors and deficits persist into adulthood
B) poor if treated with behavioral modification
C) excellent if biological treatments are used
D) good if the disease appears later in life
Q2) Dora the Explorer is on a mission to find a completely healthy society in which people experience no mental disorders.According to the systems approach,Dora will never succeed in her mission because people:
A) are biopsychosocial organisms, and any aspect of an organism may be dysfunctional
B) exist in families and larger social units, and those units are often dysfunctional
C) always strive for personal achievement and fulfillment in a society with outdated laws and regulations that inhibit an individual's free expression
D) fail to understand that they have a faulty cognitive system, and this faulty system causes them to think illogically
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17