Course Introduction
Cognitive Psychology Exam Bank
Cognitive Psychology explores the mental processes underlying human behavior, including perception, attention, memory, language, problem-solving, and decision-making. This course examines how individuals acquire, process, and store information, drawing on experimental research and theoretical models to understand the complexities of the mind. Students will investigate topics such as sensory systems, information processing, cognitive development, and the influence of factors like emotion and context on cognition, providing a foundational understanding applicable to a range of fields within psychology and the behavioral sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology From Inquiry to Understanding 2nd Australia Edition by Scott O. Lilienfeld
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17 Chapters
2610 Verified Questions
2610 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Science and Pseudoscience in Psychology
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sandi is an arts major who believes that colour affects everything, from how people communicate to their moods. At a recent art show, Sandi discussed this issue with fellow artists who told her that no scientific evidence supported her statements. Sandi still holds to her belief that colour affects everything, especially personality, thus demonstrating
A)belief perseverance.
B)confirmation bias.
C)analytical thinking.
D)naive realism.
Answer: A
Q2) According to the authors, one reason to be wary of programmes that promise to teach you speed-reading techniques in return for money is that such claims do not fit with the available data on information processing and memory. This is consistent with the pseudoscience error known as A)absence of connectivity.
B)evasion of peer review.
C)exaggerated claims.
D)psychobabble.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Research Methods
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is the most important part of ensuring the generalisability of one's results to the general population.
Answer: Random selection
Q2) The ability to state that differences in the conditions of the independent variable led to the observed differences in the dependent variable is lessened when a(n)________ variable is present in one's research design.
Answer: confounding
Q3) What is the purpose of an ethics committee?
A)To help protect research participants from abuse
B)To hinder the research process by placing unnecessary hurdles in the way of researchers
C)To help protect the university from lawsuits from unhappy research participants
D)To encourage the use of deception in medical and psychological research with humans
Answer: A
Q4) In most experimental and correlational studies, the researcher is required to obtain the participant's ________.
Answer: informed consent
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Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jack suffered a brain injury as a result of hitting his head while waterskiing. One of the problems that developed was that Jack, until he had extensive speech therapy, could not pronounce certain words correctly for a long period of time. Now Jack can speak as he did before his accident. This is an example of the brain's ________, which allowed the structure and function of Jack's brain cells to change to adjust to the trauma.
A)adaptology
B)stagnation
C)plasticity
D)reflex arc
Answer: C
Q2) The pathways emanating from the RAS activate the cortex by increasing the ________ ________.
Answer: signal-to-noise ratio
Q3) The voltage of 60 millivolts is known as the neuron's
A)postsynaptic potential.
B)resting potential.
C)action potential.
D)graded potential.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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141 Verified Questions
141 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sense of smell is also known as ________.
A)olfaction
B)the salivary sense
C)chemical infarctation
D)gustation
Q2) How might a proponent of ESP use signal detection theory to explain the experimenter effect that interferes with demonstrating that ESP exists?
Q3) Seven-month-old Mazie is crawling toward the end of the bed. How likely is it that she will continue on and fall off?
A)Unlikely, because depth perception develops by about six months of age
B)Unlikely, because her mother will probably stop her before she reaches the end
C)Likely, because infants only use monocular cues when judging depth
D)Likely, because depth perception develops later in childhood
Q4) The sensory receptors associated with vision are located in the ________.
Q5) What structure changes its shape to focus light at the back of the eye?
A)Cone
B)Fovea
C)Lens
D)Retina
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Chapter 5: Consciousness
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150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A newspaper advertisement describes a book that offers interpretations of dreams. In attempting to tell readers the meaning of the symbols of their dreams, the author intends to describe the ________.
A)latent content
B)deep content
C)manifest content
D)subliminal content
Q2) Contrary to popular public opinion regarding hypnosis, people can
A)experience highly enhanced memory for situational details when hypnotised.
B)experience a total lack of situational awareness when in a hypnotic state.
C)forget what happened while hypnotised.
D)resist and oppose hypnotic suggestions at will.
Q3) When you feel drowsy late at night, it is the result of activity occurring within your A)amygdala.
B)cerebellum.
C)hypothalamus.
D)thalamus.
Q4) The ________ theory of dreaming might suggest that your dog, Barker, dreams about his favourite bone.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The case of learning in the absence of reinforcement is demonstrated by studies of A)latent learning.
B)generalisation.
C)spontaneous recovery.
D)extinction.
Q2) In Pavlov's "salivating dogs" studies, the UCS was A)food.
B)noise.
C)salivation.
D)joy.
Q3) Which theorist believed that most of learning occurred by trial and error?
A)Thorndike
B)Watson
C)Skinner
D)Pavlov
Q4) Food and water are examples of ________ reinforcers.
Q5) Using classical conditioning, describe how you would train a three-year-old to safely cross the street. Be sure to identify the CS, UCS, CR, and UCR.
Q6) In classical conditioning, the CR and the ________ are usually the same.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best illustrates retroactive interference?
A)Susie struggles to learn how to play the violin, after playing the guitar for many years.
B)Chet struggles to learn the names of the new players he added to his fantasy baseball roster.
C)Professor Jones struggles to learn the names of his new students after teaching for many years prior.
D)Coach Todd calls one of her old softball players the name of one of her new players.
Q2) All night, Pedro has been staring at Samantha from across the dance floor. At the end of the night, he finally gets the courage to ask her for her telephone number. His mental repetition of her number on the drive home is one example of A)chunking.
B)the power of suggestion.
C)rehearsal.
D)transference of memory.
Q3) The most frequent cause of senility is ________ disease.
Q4) Discuss how our memories both serve us well and lead to memory errors.
Q5) The memory system with the largest storage capacity is ________.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Thinking, Reasoning and Language
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ambiguity of language is BEST illustrated by which of the following examples?
A)Calling a friend about whom you are worried
B)Disagreements about the interpretations of laws
C)Telling someone what time a party starts
D)Giving instructions for an exam
Q2) In non-human animals, the most common circumstances under which communication occurs are
A)feeding and labour.
B)hunting and food distribution.
C)aggression and mating.
D)mating and food distribution.
Q3) What problem-solving strategies are essentially mental shortcuts?
A)Heuristics
B)Algorithms
C)Mnemonic devices
D)Cognitive biases
Q4) One explanation for the difficulty of second language acquisition among adults is that when someone learns a second language in adulthood, they use different ________ than those who learn a second language in early childhood.
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Iq Testing
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Binet and Simon's intelligence test included ________ items as one subtest area.
A)drawing pictures from memory
B)reciting poems
C)object assembly
D)tests of athletic ability
Q2) The correlations between different assessed aspects of intelligence as measured by the Binet-Simon intelligence test formed the basis of Spearman's concept of one general intelligence. These correlations have been supported by the use of modern intelligence tests. The repeated findings of similar outcomes is the key to which critical-thinking concept?
A)Correlation versus causation
B)Replicability
C)Extraordinary claims
D)Falsifiability
Q3) In your estimation, which subtests of the WAIS do you believe are most significantly environmentally influenced?
Q4) The WAIS-IV, the most recent edition of this test, contains ________ different subtests that assess five different areas of intelligence.
Q5) The ________ is the most widely used intelligence test for adults.
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Chapter 10: Human Development
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164 Verified Questions
164 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is one of the major contributions that Piaget's theory of development, despite some serious limitations, has made to the field of developmental psychology?
A)Characterising learning as a passive rather than active process
B)Viewing children simply as small adults, and addressing their developmental processes as such
C)Considering that the changes in multiple domains of development involve fewer rather than more numerous processes
D)Recognising that culture plays no role in development and viewing all children as being essentially identical in their developmental paths
Q2) A child's ability to understand that others' perspectives can differ from theirs is called the theory of ________.
A)schema
B)disintegration
C)mind
D)egocentrism
Q3) Kohlberg's theory of how ________ develops focuses on how people reason about right and wrong behaviours.
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12
Chapter 11: Emotion and Motivation
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify at least five variables that are correlated with happiness and briefly explain how they are important to happiness.
Q2) The fact that different expressions of emotions tend to appear across cultures might lead one to believe that these expressions are evolutionarily based, and not affected by culture. At the same time, another explanation of this similarity is that because many people have been exposed to Western culture, they have taken on Western facial expressions of emotions. This alternative explanation for the apparent universality of emotional expression demonstrates which principle of critical thinking?
A)Occam's Razor
B)Correlation versus causation
C)Ruling out rival hypotheses
D)Extraordinary claims
Q3) The element of love that describes one's willingness to stay with the partner is known as ________.
A)intimacy
B)infatuation
C)commitment
D)passion
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13
Chapter 12: Stress, Coping and Health
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139 Verified Questions
139 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is the mental shortcut we use to judge the likelihood of an event and the ease with which it comes to mind.
A)The representativeness heuristic
B)The availability heuristic
C)The automatic process
D)Rumination
Q2) Research suggests that chronic stress can ________ the risk of developing an illness such as colds.
Q3) Jerome was very anxious about his final exam in General Psychology. On the day of the exam, his heart rate was faster, his breathing was faster, and his hands were sweaty. As Jerome worked his way through the exam, he began to relax and focus on the questions. After the exam, Jerome went back to his dorm room and fell asleep. Jerome is in the ________ stage of Selye's GAS.
Q4) The body's first shield from foreign invaders is ________.
A)the skin
B)antigens
C)pathogens
D)white blood cells
Q5) Discuss the role of stress in coronary heart disease (CHD).
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ occurs when an individual is aggressive towards an innocent target.
A)Obedience
B)Conformity
C)Prejudice
D)Scapegoating
Q2) ________ is a phenomenon whereby the more people that are present at an emergency, the less each person feels responsible for the negative consequences of not helping.
Q3) In the experiments conducted by Solomon Asch, what was the main task that subjects had to perform?
A)Pretend they were prison guards
B)Select line sizes
C)Plunge their hands into buckets of water that were either ice cold or scalding hot
D)Deliver electric shocks to helpless victims
Q4) ________ is helping others for unselfish reasons.
Q5) According to ________ theory, we alter our attitudes because we experience an unpleasant state of tension between two or more conflicting thoughts.
Q6) Discuss bystander nonintervention and what factors influence intervention.
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Chapter 14: Cross-Cultural Psychology
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59 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify and describe the safeguards employed within cross-cultural research, explaining the importance of each and what can happen if they are not adhered to.
Q2) Indigenous psychology is an understanding of behaviour that stems from within a culture and is not imported from outside. Which is the "odd one out" in this list of features of Indigenous psychology?
A)It examines psychological phenomena in ecological, historical and cultural context.
B)It is based on sound scientific principles.
C)It advocates the use of multiple methods of investigation.
D)It acknowledges that people have a complex, sophisticated and practical understanding of themselves.
Q3) A person who comes to value their new culture but no longer values their former culture is said to have experienced ________.
Q4) ________ assumes that all human behaviour is culturally patterned.
A)Relativism
B)Universalism
C)Absolutism
D)Culturalism
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Chapter 15: Personality
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most well-known humanistic theorist was ________.
A)Sigmund Freud
B)Carl Rogers
C)Carl Jung
D)Alfred Adler
Q2) Ethan and Eva are fraternal twins who were born about two months ago. According to Freud's theory of personality development, they will experience the Oedipus and Electra complex respectively during the ________ stage.
Q3) Contrast Freud's theory of personality with that of the humanists' theory of personality.
Q4) Defence mechanisms, according to Sigmund Freud, are unconscious attempts to reduce our feelings of ________ and are used in such a manner by the ________.
Q5) According to the authors, the key criteria for evaluating personality assessments are
A)objectivity and reliability
B)objectivity and validity
C)reliability and objectivity
D)reliability and validity
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Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person who has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder is most likely to exhibit
A)a charming, self-centered, and manipulative interpersonal style.
B)impulsivity and unpredictability in his or her interactions with others.
C)intense discomfort in most social situations and odd thinking and behaviour patterns.
D)a strong need to be the center of attention in all social situations.
Q2) According to the authors, one possible explanation for the apparent exponential growth in the diagnosis of ________ is the change in diagnostic practices for the disorder in recent years.
Q3) Research finds that one home- or family-based contributor to schizophrenia may be the presence of higher levels of ________ in the home. After leaving the hospital, patients with this condition experience twice the relapse rate when relatives display high levels of this particular attribute.
A)crisis avoidance
B)expressed emotion
C)double-bind communication
D)psychosexual fixation
Q4) Contrast the demonic and moral treatment approaches of mental illness.
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Chapter 17: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which form of biological therapy would a psychiatrist be most likely to suggest for a client?
A)Electroconvulsive therapy
B)Pharmacotherapy
C)Psychosurgery
D)Vagus nerve stimulation therapy
Q2) ________ nondirective, person-centred therapy centres on the patient's goals and ways of solving problems.
A)Rogers's
B)Freud's
C)Perls's
D)Ellis's
Q3) ________ is the name given to the use of medications to treat or control psychological problems.
Q4) The ________ perspective disagrees with the AA model of total abstinence from alcohol.
Q5) Following concerns regarding that SSRIs may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts in younger people, it is recommended that ________ be used cautiously with children and adolescents
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