Course Introduction
Cognitive Psychology Exam Bank
Cognitive Psychology explores the mental processes underlying human behavior, including perception, memory, language, reasoning, and problem-solving. The course examines how individuals acquire, process, store, and retrieve information, integrating findings from experimental research, brain imaging, and computational modeling. Students will engage with foundational theories and contemporary developments in areas such as attention, decision-making, and cognitive development, gaining insights into both normal and atypical cognition. Through case studies and empirical investigations, the course also highlights applications of cognitive principles in education, technology, and everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
Cognition 6th Edition by Mark
H. Ashcraft
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14 Chapters
1643 Verified Questions
1643 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Cognitive Psychology: An Introduction
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the name for the larger discipline that cognitive psychology is a part of,and that also includes disciplines like computer science,anthropology,and philosophy?
A)mind science
B)cognitive science
C)mental matters
D)arts and science
Answer: B
Q2) Which is true of Ebbinghaus?
A)He was interested in memory.
B)He was interested in perception.
C)He was interested in reasoning.
D)He was interested in studying introspection.
Answer: A
Q3) Cognition does NOT involve __________.
A)reflexes
B)mental activities
C)perceiving
D)understanding
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience and Cognitive Science
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Visual information about where something is located is processed by the __________ pathway.
A)medial
B)posterior
C)forsal
D)ventral
Answer: C
Q2) When an action potential moves down a neuron,the action potential is said to be
A)transmitted
B)propagated
C)activated
D)motivated
Answer: B
Q3) Typical neurons in the cortex synapse with how many other neurons?
A)1-6
B)1,000,000-2,000,000
C)100-15,000
D)20-30
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) George Sperling,in his 1960 monograph,discusses the implications of results obtain from a procedure called partial report.What topic was he investigating?
A)long-term memory
B)iconic memory
C)pre-categorical acoustic storage
D)lexical processing
Answer: B
Q2) In a rapid serial visual presentation of a set of numbers or letters (one at a time),there is a tendency to "miss" any repeated letter,especially if there are only one or two intervening items.This reflects __________.
A)repetition blindness
B)span of apprehension
C)apperceptive agnosia
D)partial report
Answer: A
Q3) What is the name of a phenomenon in which people perceive motion when in fact there is none?
Answer: (BETA MOVEMENT or PHI PHENOMENON)
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5
Chapter 4: Attention
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120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The attention mechanism that keeps salient but irrelevant information from entering the current stream of thought is __________.
A)selection
B)mitigation
C)repression
D)inhibition
Q2) During the attentional blink,what happens?
A)The eyes blink.
B)Attentional processing can catch up.
C)There is a loss of irrelevant information.
D)There is a brief slowdown in processing.
Q3) Which of the following is an aspect of human facial expression that can direct our attention?
A)eye gaze
B)eyebrow lifting
C)nasal flares
D)chin wrinkling
Q4) How are the phenomena of negative priming and the attention blink similar,and how are they different?
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Chapter 5: Short-Term Working Memory
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Another was to think of chunking in short-term memory is as __________.
A)expanding
B)recoding
C)synthesizing
D)analyzing
Q2) According to Sternberg,short-term memory is search using what kind of process?
A)a serial exhaustive search
B)a parallel search
C)a serial self-terminating search
D)a bi-metric search
Q3) Describe the procedure used in the Sternberg search paradigm,the standard findings,and the standard interpretation of the theoretical implications of those findings.
Q4) Describe the procedure used in the Brown-Peterson task,the standard findings,and the more recent conclusions drawn from the work of Waugh & Norman.
Q5) "WM = STM + controlled attention" Whose equation is this?
A)Baddeley
B)Sternberg
C)Engle
D)Jonides
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Chapter 6: Learning and Remembering
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133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The deliberate cycling or practice of information is called __________.
A)learning
B)studying
C)encoding
D)rehearsal
Q2) Recognition failure of recallable words is __________.
A)when weakly associated items are cue paired in initial learning (glue-CHAIR)are then often not recognized in a contextualized recall situation (desk,top,chair)
B)any long-term memory knowledge that can influence thought and behavior without any necessary involvement of conscious awareness
C)an explanation for "forgetting" of some target information in which related or recent information competes with or causes the loss of the target information
D)the loss of memory or memory abilities caused by brain damage or disease
Q3) Semantic memories generally convey __________.
A)general world knowledge
B)skills
C)hunches
D)personally experienced events
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8
Chapter 7: Knowing
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a feature list model of semantic memory,the structure of semantic memory comes from __________.
A)the nodes and links
B)the structure of the lists and the retrieval processes
C)the structure of the world
D)the structure of our minds
Q2) Why would semantic memory have characteristics that reflect embodied cognition?
Q3) What type of memory process does a schema or script aid in?
Q4) In semantic memory tasks,response time is speeded up or judgments are made more easily when the concepts are closer together in semantic distance-that is,when they are more closely related.The effect is reversed when the comparison is false; that is,RT is longer for the comparison "a whale is a fish" vs."a whale is a bird." This is an example of __________.
A)superordinate effect
B)semantic relatedness effect
C)subordinate effect
D)Hampton priming
Q5) To what degree do mental categories reflect the way the world is,and to what degree to they reflect how we mentally organize the world?
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Chapter 8: Using Knowledge in the Real World
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ refers to the ease with which something is processed or comes to mind.
A)Processing fluency
B)Source effect
C)Semantic processing
D)Reconstruction
Q2) Spontaneous memories are strongly triggered by __________.
A)other memories
B)neurostasis
C)episodic semantics
D)odors
Q3) Source monitoring refers to the ease with which something is processed or comes to mind.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Judgments of learning are more accurate __________.
A)immediately
B)after a delay
C)never
D)over a period of many weeks
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Chapter 9: Language
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111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT associated with the concept of arbitrariness?
A)connections that are learned
B)flexibility
C)naming
D)discreteness
Q2) Garden path sentences facilitate comprehension.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Provide an example of a statement in which semantics overpowers syntax.
Q4) The fact that it is harder to understand someone on the telephone than someone you are speaking to in person is inconsistent with the motor theory of speech perception.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In what ways are language processes rigid,and in what ways are they flexible?
Q6) Which is NOT true of the sentence "The shooting of the hunters was terrible"?
A)It is an ambiguous sentence.
B)It reveals a limitation of a pure phrase structure approach.
C)It has only one surface structure.
D)It illustrates the disambiguating role of syntax.
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Chapter 10: Comprehension: Written and Spoken Language
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the work by Morrow,Greenspan,and Bower (1987)people first memorized a map of a building.Then,when they read stories,they were probed for objects in that building.What they found was that the further a story protagonist was from other objects,__________.
A)the faster the response times
B)the slower the response times
C)the more accurate the responses
D)the less accurate the responses
Q2) Skilled readers often skip content words.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An inference that is intended by a speaker or writer is called __________.
A)authorized
B)explicit
C)necessary
D)bridging
Q4) What are three levels of representation in language comprehension,and which of these best corresponds to our everyday understanding of "understanding"?
Q5) What is the role of pragmatics in sentence comprehension?
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Chapter 11: Decisions, Judgments, and Reasoning
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98 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Johnston-Laird reports that people's performance on the Wason card task can be greatly improved by __________.
A)using Venn diagrams
B)seeking disconfirmation
C)making the situation concrete
D)casting a more appropriate frame via headers
Q2) A syllogism is __________.
A)a logical truth
B)only applicable to abstract problems
C)a three-statement logical form
D)an ancient,but flawed system
Q3) What is the difference between an algorithm and a heuristic?
Q4) The argument that there is a central flaw in heuristics and bias research-that it is a mistake to assume that the correct answer to any decision-making problem must be the normative answer supplied by classic probability theory-is __________.
A)counterfactual thinking
B)inductive rationalization
C)adaptive thinking
D)recognition heuristic
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Chapter 12: Problem Solving
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106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is TRUE of Gestalt psychology?
A)It led researchers to think about how a person perceives the whole of a problem.
B)The "whole" perspective makes it easier to accept their research at face value.
C)The effectiveness of the reductionist approach inherent in Gestalt problem-solving research could not be relied upon to produce valuable insights.
D)The definition of "goal" as the desired endpoint or solution of the problem-solving activity is problematic.
Q2) Following a systematic plan is most useful for __________.
A)relatively short problems
B)long,multi-step problems
C)well-defined problems
D)ill-defined problems
Q3) Why might following a systematic plan improve problem solving? Use appropriate technical terms.
Q4) Functional fixedness occurs when people think about objects in the standard way.
A)True
B)False
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14
Chapter 13: Cognition and Emotion
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Performance pressure that is oriented towards how a task is done is called
A)outcome-based
B)monitoring
C)choking
D)stress
Q2) Which neurological structure is important for processing emotions?
A)anterior cingulate
B)dorso-lateral homunculus
C)ventro-medial prefrontal cortex
D)inferior-parietal lobule
Q3) Emotional information can be conveyed using prosody.What are three other ways that language users can convey emotion to other people?
Q4) Emotional items facilitate performance on the Stroop task.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Flashbulb memories can sometimes contain errors.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What is an advantage of perception being distorted for emotional stimuli?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Cognitive Development
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the cognitive processes that Rovee-Collier's conjugate reinforcement technique measures in infants?
A)attention
B)language
C)problem solving
D)memory
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a neurological change that accompanies aging?
A)decline in the dopamine system
B)slower neural firing
C)loss of function in the tectum
D)reduced frontal lobe function
Q3) According to Piaget,when is a child in the sensorimotor stage?
A)birth to age two
B)ages two to seven
C)ages seven to eleven
D)age eleven and up
Q4) How could age-related changes in language processing influence the instructions a doctor would give her older patients? Be specific about which cognitive processes need to be considered and how these would be addressed.
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