Cognitive Processes
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Cognitive Processes explores the fundamental mechanisms by which humans perceive, think, learn, and remember. The course examines key cognitive functions such as attention, perception, memory, language, problem-solving, and decision-making, drawing upon current research and theoretical models. Through a combination of case studies, experiments, and applied activities, students gain insight into how mental processes shape behavior and experience, as well as the neural underpinnings that support them. This foundation prepares students to critically evaluate cognitive phenomena and understand their implications for education, technology, and everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
Cognition 6th Edition by Mark
H. Ashcraft
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
14 Chapters
1643 Verified Questions
1643 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/435 Page 2
Chapter 1: Cognitive Psychology: An Introduction
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7661
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was NOT a challenge to the behaviorist approach?
A)language
B)attention
C)vigilance
D)S-R learning
Answer: D
Q2) How do some psychologists describe the transition from behaviorism to cognitivism?
A)a revolution
B)a regression
C)a simple relabeling
D)a tragedy
Answer: A
Q3) Cognition does NOT involve __________.
A)reflexes
B)mental activities
C)perceiving
D)understanding
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 3
Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience and Cognitive Science
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7662
Sample Questions
Q1) Which technique uses electrical impulses to assess brain functionality?
A)direct stimulation
B)lesioning
C)ERP induction
D)the Penfield withdrawal technique
Answer: A
Q2) If one patient has a neurological disruption of mental process A but not mental process B,and another patient has a neurological disruption of mental process B,but not mental process A,this is called __________.
A)a double blind study
B)transcranial activity
C)a double dissociation
D)morphological distinction
Answer: C
Q3) The four major lobes of the brain are: FRONTAL,___________,____________,and __________.
Answer: (TEMPORAL; PARIETAL; OCCIPITAL)
Q4) For a neuron,information may come in the ____________ and out the ________________.
Answer: (DENDRITES; AXON)
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7663
Sample Questions
Q1) What is the phi phenomenon in perceptual processing?
A)the illusion of movement from theater marquee lights
B)the illusion of movement from rapidly presented pictures
C)movement that is excluded from processing in area MT of the brain
D)actual,real movement that the brain can actively perceive
Answer: A
Q2) The disruption of auditory span when there is a sound following the end of a series is called __________.
A)backward masking
B)suffix effect
C)functional atrophy
D)forward masking
Answer: B
Q3) A disruption in face recognition is called __________.
A)apperceptive agnosia
B)prosopagnosia
C)normal agnosia
D)associative agnosia
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 5
Chapter 4: Attention
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7664
Sample Questions
Q1) Unattended information is more likely to be noticed (grab attention)if it is
A)not semantically meaningful
B)played backwards
C)presented in a foreign language
D)consistent with one's goals
Q2) If I had you perform a stem completion task but had you exclude words from a list that I had just given you,your results are likely to illustrate __________.
A)Stroop interference
B)orienting reflex
C)implicit memory
D)spotlight attention
Q3) The execution of an unintended,but more automatic,action in the place of an intended,and less automatic,action is called __________.
Q4) Attention capture and orienting are important because they allow __________.
A)for neurological bonding
B)retinotopic filament reduction to occur
C)the preparation of an appropriate response
D)what was previously not allowed
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: Short-Term Working Memory
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7665
Sample Questions
Q1) Short-term memory is also called __________.
A)primary memory
B)sensory memory
C)daily memory
D)experience memory
Q2) What component of working memory is involved in binding information from different modalities and from long-term memory?
A)central executive
B)peripheral binder
C)episodic buffer
D)all of the subsystems
Q3) Logical reasoning is one of those rare cases in which cognitive performance is unaffected by working memory span.
Fill in the Blank/Short
A)True
B)False
Q4) Provide a description of a real-world example that would illustrate the principles of proactive and retroactive interference.
Q5) What parts of the brain are implicated in working memory operation?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Learning and Remembering
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7666
Sample Questions
Q1) Damage to what part of the brain led to H.M.'s severe anterograde amnesia?
A)hippocampus
B)corpus callosum
C)right hemisphere
D)left hemisphere
Q2) What phenomenon has been attributed,at least in part,to the operation of implicit memory?
A)extrasensory perception
B)déjà vu
C)photographic memory
D)agnosia
Q3) Describe two pieces of evidence that support the existence of a meaningful distinction between implicit and explicit memory.
Q4) Paired associate learning __________.
A)always uses nonsense syllables
B)inherently requires an active,strategic kind of rehearsal
C)learning a list so that the correct response item can be reproduced when the stimulus item is presented
D)clustered list learning
Q5) Memory is worse with ___________ practice than with ___________ practice.
Page 8
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 7: Knowing
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7667
Sample Questions
Q1) In connections networks,knowledge is represented in the strength of the ____________.
Q2) Neely (1977)used an SOA manipulation in a lexical decision task with the participants either expecting a category switch (BODY-robin)or not expecting a switch (BODY-arm).The data illustrate __________.
A)standard semantic priming when a category shift was to-be-expected
B)Standard semantic priming when a category shift was to-be-expected at (only)the long SOA condition
C)that at the short SOA,he found standard semantic priming regardless of whether the shift was expected or unexpected
D)that at the long SOA (but not the short SOA),he found standard semantic priming regardless of whether the shift was expected or unexpected
Q3) Which is NOT true of semantic memory?
A)general world knowledge
B)a person's mental encyclopedia and dictionary
C)includes language
D)critically depends on pituitary functioning
Q4) Describe (define)the dissociation referred to as a category-specific deficit.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 9
Chapter 8: Using Knowledge in the Real World
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7668
Sample Questions
Q1) Pick one of the "seven sins of memory" and explain how this impedes memory and how it might actually help under some circumstances.
Q2) What is the name for the phenomenon that people tend to have better memories for their lives around the age of twenty than would otherwise be expected?
A)reminiscence bump
B)neurological peaking
C)developmental coordination
D)impaired forgetting
Q3) Which is a way of representing propositions?
A)RBC
B)node plus pathway
C)propositional prototyping
D)fuzzy boundaries
Q4) Which of the following is NOT an adequate account of the reminiscence bump?
A)cultural scripts
B)high incidence of "firsts" in one's life
C)a loss of interference in the nervous system when one is this age
D)better retrieval cues for this period of one's life
Q5) A memory for an event that never happened is called a(n)_______________.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Language
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7669
Sample Questions
Q1) The loss of the ability to comprehend language is associated with ________ aphasia.
Q2) Languages with more phonemes allow more complex ideas to be communicated.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In speech,pauses between words are greater than pauses within words.
A)True
B)False
Q4) People with conduction aphasia have difficulty accurately repeating what they have just heard.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify two weaknesses of the transformational grammar approach.
Q6) With sufficient exposure,the ERPs to nonsense words look like ERPs to meaningful words.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Linguistics is the study of language as it is used and learned by people.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Comprehension: Written and Spoken Language
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7670
Sample Questions
Q1) Gestures do not aid in language production.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Clark's "bridging inference" includes all but __________.
A)reference
B)implication/implicature
C)indirect reference
D)conversational maxims
Q3) After you have completed your reading of a sentence,word-for-word recall is very poor.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the name for information that is just beyond one's current level of knowledge?
A)the unknown
B)zone of understanding
C)just within reach knowledge
D)region of proximal learning
Q5) What are two of the Gricean maxims of conversation?
Q6) What are three online measures of language comprehension?
Page 12
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 11: Decisions, Judgments, and Reasoning
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
98 Verified Questions
98 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7671
Sample Questions
Q1) Recent research suggests that what sort of reasoning might be influencing how people make decisions?
A)political
B)religious
C)temporal
D)causal
Q2) Decisions about size differences are sped up when the stimuli differ by a greater amount.This reflects __________.
A)JND
B)distance effect
C)discriminability index
D)spatial cueing
Q3) Geography questions can show semantic congruity and symbolic distance effects.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When hypothesis testing with increasingly complex if-then relations,the typical mistake is to search for positive,confirming evidence.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 12: Problem Solving
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7672
Sample Questions
Q1) A German term adopted into psychological terminology referring to an entire pattern,form,or configuration is __________.
A)Eichler
B)Eichenbaum
C)Gestalt
D)Diatrics
Q2) It can be helpful to break a problem down into smaller components called
A)subgoals
B)chunks
C)operating units
D)packets
Q3) The right hemisphere tends to be more active during insight problems than during routine problems.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Given what you know about what parts of the brain are involved in problem solving,what sorts of brain damage would you expect to impede effective problem solving,and why?
Q5) How do means-end analysis and working backwards differ?
Page 14
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 13: Cognition and Emotion
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7673
Sample Questions
Q1) Emotional memories benefit less from the consolidation process that occurs during sleep.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which neurological structure is important for processing emotions?
A)occipital lobe
B)olfactory bulb
C)amygdala
D)projective neural cluster
Q3) What is "choking under pressure"?
A)letting your emotions run wild
B)when true performance levels are revealed
C)below-typical performance as a result of stress
D)allowing the unconscious to take over
Q4) Compared to neutral information,emotional information is remembered __________.
A)better
B)in less detail
C)more slowly
D)pragmatically
Page 15
Q5) What help can emotion be to human cognition?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 14: Cognitive Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/7674
Sample Questions
Q1) An infant who exhibits object permanence is able to __________.
A)remember an object that is no longer visible
B)remember the name of an object
C)hold objects in their hands
D)treat an object as a solid
Q2) The conjugate reinforcement technique of Rovee-Collier has been used to show that infants have some form of __________ memory.
A)semantic
B)episodic
C)procedural
D)automatic
Q3) Which of the following attentional processes does NOT show age-related declines?
A)conjunction search
B)pop-out effect
C)orienting reflex
D)attentional blink
Q4) Older adults need reading glasses because of neurological declines in perception.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16