Course Introduction
Cognitive Neuroscience Test Preparation
Cognitive Neuroscience explores the neural mechanisms underlying mental processes such as perception, memory, language, attention, and decision-making. By bridging psychology and neuroscience, the course examines how brain activity gives rise to cognitive functions, utilizing techniques like functional MRI, EEG, and lesion studies. Students will gain an understanding of brain structure and function, experimental methodologies, and current research findings that illuminate how cognitive processes are supported by neural circuits, ultimately providing insight into both typical and disordered cognition.
Recommended Textbook
Neuroscience 4th Edition by Laurie Lundy Ekman
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
19 Chapters
356 Verified Questions
356 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1786 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Neuroscience
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35524
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following arteries are part of the circle of Willis?
A)Internal carotid and vertebral arteries
B)Anterior and lateral cerebral arteries
C)Anterior and posterior cerebral arteries
D)Medial and lateral communicating arteries
Answer: C
Q2) The middle cerebral arteries arise from the ________ and supply the _________.
A)Basilar artery;medial surfaces of the frontal and parietal lobes
B)Internal carotid arteries;lateral cerebral hemispheres
C)Anterior communicating artery;lateral cerebral hemispheres
D)Internal carotid arteries;internal capsule,putamen,and caudate nucleus
E)Internal carotid arteries;lateral cerebral hemispheres and internal capsule,putamen,and caudate nucleus
Answer: E
Q3) Each cranial nerve:
A)Emerges from the spinal cord.
B)Is numbered according to its place of attachment.
C)Innervates the head,neck,and face.
D)Carries motor and sensory information.
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Physical and Electrical Properties of Cells in the
Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35525
Sample Questions
Q1) Multiple sclerosis:
A)Results from an autoimmune attack on oligodendrocytes.
B)Involves demyelination of axons in the CNS.
C)Has signs and symptoms associated with both motor and sensory impairment.
D)Both A and B
E)A,B,and C
Answer: E
Q2) Propagation of an action potential along an axon is dependent on a(n):
A)Complete myelination of the axon by glial cells.
B)Anterograde diffusion of the electric potential with active generation of new potentials.
C)Rapid repolarization associated with passive diffusion of Cl-.
D)Retrograde diffusion of the electrical potential.
E)Na /K pump moving sufficient quantities of Na into of the cell and K out of the cell.
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 3: Synapses and Synaptic Transmission
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35526
Sample Questions
Q1) Myasthenia gravis:
A)Is caused by the destruction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of muscles.
B)Results in the decreased release of ACh at the neuromuscular junction.
C)Is an autoimmune disease that destroys ACh receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of muscles,thus interferes with ACh binding for repetitive muscle contractions.
D)Is successfully treated with removal of the pituitary gland.
E)All of the above
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder?
A)Elevated serotonin levels
B)Reduced dopamine reuptake
C)Hyperactivity of the norepinephrine system
D)All of the above
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
5
Chapter 4: Neuroplasticity
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35527
Sample Questions
Q1) Astrocytes may impact synaptic plasticity by:
A)Modulating neurotransmitter release
B)Modulating postsynaptic receptor expression
C)Modulating new synapse formation
D)All of the above
Q2) Functional regeneration of axons occurs more frequently in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)than in the CNS because of the:
A)Production of nerve growth factor (NGF).
B)Effective clearing of debris.
C)Formation of bands of Büngner.
D)All of the above
Q3) Excitotoxicity begins with:
A)Excessive production of lactic acid.
B)Destruction of cellular proteins.
C)Cellular edema.
D)Persistent binding of glutamate to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type receptors in the postsynaptic cell membrane.
E)Interference of mitochondria functions.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
6
Chapter 5: Development of the Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35528
Sample Questions
Q1) Which one the following statements is true?
A)Cerebral palsy is permanent and progressive.
B)Damage to the basal ganglia produces ataxic cerebral palsy.
C)Hypoxia during birth is a common cause of cerebral palsy.
D)Cognitive,visual,and speech deficits are common in cerebral palsy.
E)None of the above
Q2) During development,the nervous system is sculpted through which of the following?
A)Neuronal death
B)Neuronal activity
C)Axon retraction
D)All of the above
Q3) Neurons that develop in the ventral region of the neural tube become:
A)Interneurons and projections neurons.
B)Interneurons and the motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscle.
C)Interneurons of the autonomic nervous system.
D)Both A and B
E)All of the above
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Somatosensory System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35529
Sample Questions
Q1) Fast pain occurs before slow pain because fast pain impulses travel on which of the following?
A)Larger,unmyelinated axons
B)Smaller,unmyelinated axons
C)Larger,myelinated axons
D)Smaller,myelinated axons
Q2) Which of the following is a function of the primary somatosensory cortex?
A)Discrimination of the texture of an object
B)Discrimination of the shape of an object
C)Stereognosis
D)Both A and B
E)A,B,and C
Q3) Rapidly turning the eyes and head toward a painful stimulus is a function of which one of the following tracts?
A)Trigeminoreticulolimbic
B)Spinoreticular
C)Spinomesencephalic
D)Trigeminospinothalamic
E)Dorsal column medial lemniscus
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Somatosensation: Clinical Application
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35530
Sample Questions
Q1) If only one sensory root is severed,does a complete loss of sensation result in that area?
A)Yes.Sensation does not depend on multiple dermatomes.
B)No.Overlapping dermatomes ensure not all sensation is lost.
C)No.Multiple sensory roots must be severed for complete sensory loss to occur.
D)Yes.Overlapping dermatomes will not prevent complete sensation loss.
Q2) Loss of pain and temperature information from the left lower limb below the L4 dermatome,complete loss of discriminative touch and conscious proprioception information from the right lower limb below the L2 dermatome,and loss of voluntary control of the right lower limb below the L2 dermatome indicates which one of the following?
A)Brown-Séquard syndrome produced by a hemisection of the cord at L4 on the right side
B)Brown-Séquard syndrome produced by a hemisection of the cord at L4 on the left side
C)Brown-Séquard syndrome produced by a complete transection of the cord
D)Brown-Séquard syndrome produced by a hemisection of the cord at L2 on the right side
E)Brown-Séquard syndrome produced by a hemisection of the cord at L2 on the left side
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: Neuropathic Pain, pain Matrix Dysfunction, and Pain Syndromes
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35531
Sample Questions
Q1) What type of headache is characterized by progressive worsening over days or weeks,neck stiffness and vomiting,and rash and fever?
A)Headache caused by excessive pressure
B)Headache caused by hemorrhage
C)Headache caused by serious intracranial disease
D)ETTH
Q2) Which mechanisms produce neuropathic pain?
A)Ectopic foci and central sensitization
B)Ephaptic transmission and structural reorganization
C)Ectopic foci and ephaptic transmission
D)All of the above
Q3) What type of headache is characterized by pain after head injury and abrupt onset?
A)Headache caused by excessive pressure
B)Headache caused by hemorrhage
C)Headache caused by serious intracranial disease
D)ETTH
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 9: Autonomic Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35532
Sample Questions
Q1) During acute appendicitis,the contribution of the somatosensory nociceptive afferents is which of the following?
A)Regulation of visceral function
B)Production of skeletal muscle guarding to protect the appendix
C)Modulation of respiratory function
D)Signaling visceral distress to the brain
E)Signaling conscious awareness of pain in the umbilical region
Q2) Sympathetic activation does NOT produce which of the following?
A)Increased blood flow to active muscles
B)Increased blood glucose levels
C)Increased digestive activity
D)Dilation of bronchioles
E)Increased heart rate
Q3) Drugs that block beta-1 ( 1)receptors are used to treat which one of the following?
A)Asthma
B)Excess sweating
C)Metabolic disorders
D)Tachycardia
E)Vagus nerve disorders
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 11
Chapter 10: The Motor System: Motor Neurons
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35533
Sample Questions
Q1) Which one of the following proteins is NOT involved in the active process of muscle contraction?
A)Myosin
B)Actin
C)Tropomyosin
D)Troponin
E)Titin
Q2) Decorticate rigidity occurs with which of the following?
A)Lesions of the medulla
B)Vascular lesions of the anterior choroidal artery
C)Lesions superior to the midbrain
D)Lesions to the cerebellar lobes
E)All of the above
Q3) Which of the following contributes to the spinal control of walking?
A)Afferent input from muscle spindles and GTOs
B)Adaptable networks of interneurons that modulate lower motor neuron firing patterns
C)Reciprocal signals crossing the dorsal columns and commissure of the spinal cord
D)All of the above
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
12
Chapter 11: Basal Ganglia, cerebellum, and Movement
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35534
Sample Questions
Q1) The functions of the cerebrocerebellum and dentate nuclei include which one of the following?
A)Coordination of voluntary movements
B)Planning of movements
C)Timing
D)All of the above
Q2) Major roles of the cerebellum are to:
A)Compare actual movement to intended movement.
B)Adjust movements to existing conditions.
C)Provide conscious awareness of proprioceptive information.
D)Both A and B
E)A,B,and C
Q3) Huntington's disease is characterized by which one of the following?
A)Chorea
B)Dementia
C)Hypokinesia
D)Both A and B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
13
Chapter 12: Peripheral Nervous System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35535
Sample Questions
Q1) If the NCV is normal along the length of the peripheral nerve,yet the amplitude of the electromyogram (EMG)potential is decreased,the disorder is:
A)Myelinopathy
B)Myopathy
C)Lower motor neuron lesion
D)Upper motor neuron lesion
E)Axonopathy
Q2) Which of the following characteristics distinguish central nervous system dysfunction from peripheral nervous system dysfunction?
A)Hypertonia in upper motor neuron involvement
B)Paraspinal sensation
C)Slow muscle atrophy
D)Hypertonia in lower motor neuron involvement
Q3) What is the most important branch of the cervical plexus?
A)Vagus nerve
B)Accessory nerve
C)Phrenic nerve
D)Mandibular nerve
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Spinal Region
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
16 Verified Questions
16 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35536
Sample Questions
Q1) Dorsal rhizotomy is the selective surgical ablation of which of the following?
A)Dorsal horn neurons
B)Posterior commissural axons
C)Dorsal roots
D)Dorsal columns
E)Nucleus dorsalis
Q2) Which one of the following exits the spinal cord through the ventral root?
A)Sensory neurons
B)Sympathetic preganglionic neurons
C)Lower motor neurons
D)Both B and C
Q3) Which one of the following is NOT a sign of an upper motor neuron lesion?
A)Muscle paresis
B)Hyperreflexia
C)Muscle fasciculations
D)Positive Babinski's sign
E)Spasticity
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
15
Chapter 14: Cranial Nerves
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35537
Sample Questions
Q1) In what part of the anatomy would you find the organ of Corti?
A)Cochlea
B)Vestibular apparatus
C)Wernicke's area
D)Reticular formation
Q2) What is the pupillary reflex?
A)Pupil dilation in response to a light shining into the eye
B)Pupil constriction in response to a light shining into the eye
C)Pupil movement toward a moving stimulus
D)None of the above
Q3) What symptoms would manifest after a complete lesion of the vagus nerve?
A)Compromise of both the gag reflex and the swallowing reflex;decrease in salivation
B)Atrophy of the ipsilateral tongue
C)Paralysis of the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
D)Difficulty speaking and swallowing,poor digestion,asymmetric elevation of the palate,and hoarseness
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
16
Chapter 15: Brainstem Region
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35538
Sample Questions
Q1) Which neurotransmitter,produced by the midbrain raphe nuclei,has major effects on mood?
A)Serotonin
B)Acetylcholine
C)Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
D)Norepinephrine
E)Dopamine
Q2) Which of the following is a function of the medulla?
A)Contributes to postural control
B)Coordinates swallowing
C)Regulates cardiovascular,respiratory,and visceral activity
D)Participates in all of the above
Q3) Cranial nerve nuclei in the pons are involved in which of the following?
A)Processing somatosensory information from the face
B)Controlling lateral movements of the eyes
C)Controlling the muscles of facial expression and mastication
D)A and B
E)A,B,and C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 16: Vestibular and Visual Systems
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35539
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a sign of the ocular tilt reaction?
A)Lateral head tilt
B)Skew deviation of the eyes
C)Ocular rotation
D)A and B
E)A,B,and C
Q2) Vestibular connections influence which of the following?
A)Posture of the head and body
B)Head and eye movements
C)Consciousness
D)Autonomic functions
E)All of the above
Q3) Damage to the right frontal eye fields may result in which deviation in visual control?
A)Tropia
B)Abnormal vestibulo-ocular reflexes
C)Rotary nystagmus
D)Ptosis
E)Persistent ipsilateral gaze
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
18
Chapter 17: Cerebrum
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
21 Verified Questions
21 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35540
Sample Questions
Q1) The functions of the ventral striatum include which of the following?
A)Reward-oriented behavior
B)Motor planning and execution
C)Goal-setting behavior
D)Visual and spatial processing
Q2) The functions of the dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex include which of the following?
A)Deciding on a goal
B)Planning how to accomplish the goal
C)Solving a problem
D)A and B
E)All of the above
Q3) Which of the following are projection fibers?
A)Corticospinal
B)Corticobrainstem
C)Thalamocortical
D)A and B
E)A,B,and C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
19
Chapter 18: Cerebrum: Clinical Applications
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35541
Sample Questions
Q1) If a person speaks in a monotone,is unable to communicate effectively nonverbally,and lacks emotional gestures and facial expressions,the lesion is located in which of the following?
A)Broca's area in the dominant hemisphere
B)Area corresponding to Broca's in the nondominant hemisphere
C)Wernicke's area in the dominant hemisphere
D)Area corresponding to Wernicke's area in the nondominant hemisphere
E)Lower motor neurons or corticobrainstem neurons
Q2) Spatial neglect includes:
A)Problems with navigation
B)Problems with dressing
C)None of the above
D)A and B
Q3) If a patient is unable to button a shirt despite intact sensation,motor control,and understanding of the task,where is the most likely location of a lesion?
A)Wernicke's area
B)Hippocampus,Wernicke's area,or Broca's area
C)Secondary somatosensory cortex
D)Premotor or supplementary motor areas
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 20
Chapter 19: Support Systems: Blood Supply and Cerebrospinal Fluid System
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35542
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following processes form CSF?
A)Extracellular fluid leakage
B)Blood filtration
C)Active transport of substances
D)A and C only
E)All of the above
Q2) A patient has recently suffered a cerebrovascular accident and demonstrates left-sided hemiplegia with the leg more severely affected than the arm.The most likely location of this patient's infarction is which one of the following arteries?
A)Anterior cerebral
B)Middle cerebral
C)Posterior cerebral
D)None of the above
Q3) Which of the following generally carries the most promising prognosis for recovery?
A)Thrombic infarction
B)Lacunar infarction
C)Basilar artery occlusion
D)Subdural hematoma
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 21