Cognitive Neuroscience Test Bank
Course Introduction
Cognitive Neuroscience explores the biological mechanisms underlying mental processes and behaviors, bridging the gap between psychology and neuroscience. The course examines how the brain enables perception, attention, memory, language, decision-making, and consciousness, using evidence from neuroimaging, electrophysiology, brain injury, and computational modeling. Students will gain an understanding of the neural circuits and structures involved in cognition and will learn to critically evaluate research findings and methodologies in the field. Emphasis is placed on integrating theory with experimental data to provide insights into how cognitive functions are supported by the brain.
Recommended Textbook
Cognitive Neuroscience 3rd Edition by
Michael S. Gazzaniga
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15 Chapters
949 Verified Questions
949 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1136 Page 2
Chapter 1: A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience
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55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22291
Sample Questions
Q1) La reazione nera,or "the black reaction," refers to
A)a cell stain developed by Golgi.
B)a perceptual phenomenon described by the Gestalt psychologists.
C)a ganglion preparation developed by Arvanitaki.
D)a type of reinforcement-based learning described by the behaviorists.
Answer: A
Q2) Noam Chomsky's behaviorist-associationist view of language had a major influence in the development of cognitive psychology.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Which of the following is NOT true of empiricism?
A)It is primarily associated with the British philosophers Hobbes,Hume,and Mill.
B)It was a foundation for the associationist-behaviorist school of psychology.
C)It postulates a special role for reason and induction in human thought.
D)It emphasizes sensory experience in the development of knowledge.
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Cellular Mechanisms and Cognition
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The effect of a given neurotransmitter on a postsynaptic neuron
A)is always either excitatory or inhibitory.
B)depends on the properties of the postsynaptic neuron.
C)may be modulated by the presence or absence of another neurotransmitter.
D)Both b and c are true.
Answer: D
Q2) A gap junction is
A)the point where a neurotransmitter vesicle binds to the presynaptic membrane.
B)a connection between two sections of a G protein that plays a role in second-messenger cascades.
C)a transmembrane channel that connects the cytoplasm of two cells at an electrical synapse.
D)more likely to be found on the amino acids than on the biogenic amines.
Answer: C
Q3) The term selective permeability refers to the fact that a cell membrane will allow some ions to pass through more readily than others.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Neuroanatomy and Development
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tract-tracing methods allow researchers to identify connections between different neurons and brain regions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The hippocampus is considered part of the neocortex.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The cerebellum is believed to contain as many neurons as the rest of the central nervous system combined.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The primary visual cortex,or V1,is located in
A)the striate cortex.
B)Brodmann area 17.
C)the calcarine cortex.
D)all of the above.
Answer: D
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience
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64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When performing a single-cell recording,researchers carefully insert a thin electrode through the cell membrane into the interior of a neuron.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Stroop effect demonstrates that when viewing
A)colors,we are successful at suppressing color representations when they are irrelevant to the task.
B)words,we are successful at suppressing word representations when they are irrelevant to the task.
C)colors,we cannot help but activate color representations even when they are irrelevant to the task.
D)words,we cannot help but activate word representations even when they are irrelevant to the task.
Q3) ________ is the science of simulating natural cognitive processes on computers.
A)Mental chronometry
B)Neuropsychology
C)Artificial intelligence
D)Cognitive psychology
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Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient who demonstrates the phenomenon of blindsight
A)experiences great difficulty in using visual information to guide eye movements or to reach for visual objects.
B)has selective brain injury to the superior colliculus.
C)can localize stimuli that lie inside her scotoma without any subjective experience of them.
D)will be able to report visual stimuli only if they are large and bright relative to the background.
Q2) Konishi's model of spatial hearing in the barn owl posits that interaural time is computed using ________,whereas interaural intensity differences are computed using ________.
A)relative rate of firing / coincidence detectors
B)coincidence detectors / relative rate of firing
C)unimodal processing / multimodal integration
D)multimodal integration / unimodal processing
Q3) Speculate about what kinds of information might be processed in the superior temporal lobe of a congenitally deaf person.In your answer,consider the kinds of environmental information that are especially important in the absence of sound.
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Chapter 6: Object Recognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Optic ataxia is an inability to
A)name familiar objects.
B)read,acquired as an adult.
C)recognize familiar visual objects.
D)use visual information to guide movements.
Q2) A major source of evidence against the idea that faces are processed in a special brain region in humans is that the candidate region
A)is used to process a variety of perceptual stimuli in nonhuman primates.
B)is also involved in processing highly familiar places.
C)is recruited when people have to make discriminations among highly familiar stimuli.
D)varies significantly in location from person to person.
Q3) A PET study conducted by Kohler and colleagues (1995)showed that performing an object recognition task produced activation in the ________ lobes,whereas a spatial position task produced activation in the ________ lobes.
A)superior temporal / occipitotemporal
B)occipitotemporal / parietal
C)parietal / inferior frontal
D)inferior frontal / superior temporal
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8
Chapter 7: The Control of Action
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65 Verified Questions
65 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When you first learn how to execute the complex motor sequence that comprises a slam dunk in basketball,a circuit including the ________ is active.After much practice,once you have learned the sequence well,a second circuit involving the ________ is active.
A)parietal cortex / lateral premotor area
B)lateral premotor area / supplementary motor area
C)supplementary motor area / basal ganglia
D)basal ganglia / parietal cortex
Q2) Loss of blood flow in the ________ is the most common cause of hemiplegia.
A)anterior cerebral artery
B)vertebral artery
C)middle cerebral artery
D)circle of Willis
Q3) The loss of sensory feedback from an effector
A)tends to reduce the precision of movements for this effector.
B)usually results in the paralysis of the effector.
C)produces no change in the ability to move and use the effector.
D)increases the coordination of movements generated through other intact effectors.
Q4) How is the planning of a complex movement hierarchical? Provide an example.
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Chapter 8: Learning and Memory
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64 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the most well-known neuropsychological case studies is the person known as Patient H.M.Describe the region of the brain that was damaged in H.M.and the resulting neuropsychological deficits and dissociations for which his case is known.
Q2) ________ refers to the processing of incoming information to be stored.
A)Retrieval
B)Recall
C)Encoding
D)Explicit memory
Q3) During memory retrieval,cortical regions that were important during encoding are reactivated.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Neuroimaging work has suggested that during the retrieval of a list of studied items,the hippocampus is most active
A)for items that are correctly recollected as old items.
B)for items that are incorrectly recollected as old items.
C)for items that are correctly rejected as new items.
D)for items that are incorrectly rejected as new items.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Emotion
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45 Verified Questions
45 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The amygdala consists of several subnuclei.During fear conditioning,information converges on the ________ of the amygdala and from there projects to the
A)lateral nucleus / central nucleus
B)central nucleus / lateral nucleus
C)lateral geniculate nucleus / medial geniculate nucleus
D)medial geniculate nucleus / lateral geniculate nucleus
Q2) Which of the following is typically true of people with bilateral damage to the amygdala?
A)They do not produce a full range of facial expressions.
B)They are impaired at perceiving a small range of facial expressions.
C)They are unable to recognize emotional prosody.
D)All of the above.
Q3) One laboratory measure that can be used to record implicit physiological reactions to emotionally aversive stimuli is the
A)positive and negative affect scale.
B)somatic marker method.
C)skin conductance response.
D)task-switching paradigm.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Language
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63 Verified Questions
63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Segmenting the boundaries between words is a particularly difficult computational problem in A)reading.
B)writing.
C)speech perception.
D)prosody.
Q2) Lexical priming effects are mediated entirely by implicit or automatic processes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Saying the word "horse" when intending to say the word "cow" is an example of a semantic paraphasia.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Listening to a sentence like "He spread the warm bread with socks" will evoke a P600 brain potential.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Hemispheric Specialization
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64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do the two hemispheres differentially process the local and global elements of visual hierarchical stimuli? How does the spatial-frequency hypothesis explain this?
Q2) The main mass of fibers that carries signals from the cortex in one cerebral hemisphere to the other is called the A)anterior commissure.
B)corpus callosum.
C)arcuate fasciculus.
D)planum temporale.
Q3) One theory of the relation between language and handedness suggests that both speech and dexterity have strong generative components.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In speech,the relatively high-frequency components carry information necessary to identifying the ________ in a sentence.
A)syntactic structure
B)words
C)prosody
D)spatial frequencies
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Chapter 12: Attention and Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do early- and late-selection models of attention differ? Propose a dichotic listening experiment that would provide evidence to distinguish between these two models.
Q2) Spatial attention to one hemifield leads to increased neural activity in the fusiform gyrus in the ipsilateral hemisphere.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Techniques such as EEG are particularly well suited to studies of attention.However,one difficulty in using these techniques is that
A)one must also use a structural neuroimaging technique to isolate the source of attentional activation to a specific brain structure.
B)one must also use a functional neuroimaging technique to isolate the source of attentional activation to a specific brain structure.
C)EEG is an expensive and extremely invasive neuroimaging technique.
D)electrical signals in the brain are not affected by the use of focused attention.
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14
Chapter 13: Cognitive Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) At any given time,many different schema control units may be activated.However,we can rarely carry out more than one unit at a time and must select the most appropriate one to translate into action.The units are mutually inhibitory,and only the most activated one wins the competition for expression.This type of selection mechanism is called
A)the supervisory attentional system.
B)contention scheduling.
C)the somatic marker hypothesis.
D)utilization behavior.
Q2) The supervisory attentional system is probably localized to this region of the brain.
A)The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
B)The anterior cingulate gyrus
C)The medial temporal lobe
D)The ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Q3) Appropriate goal-oriented behavior is typically described as stimulus-driven.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which aspects of memory are compromised following damage to the frontal lobe? Which aspects are relatively unimpaired?
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Social Cognition
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65 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Baron-Cohen has proposed that people with ________ have impaired theory-of-mind abilities,coining the term mindblindness.
A)aphasia
B)agnosia
C)agraphia
D)autism
Q2) Simulation theory suggests that theory of mind is based on an ability to put ourselves in the shoes of another person,using our own minds to simulate what might be going on in the mind of someone else.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Neuroimaging studies suggest that the medial prefrontal cortex activates more relative to a baseline when people make self-referential judgments compared to other kinds of judgments.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the role of the medial prefrontal cortex in the perception of the self and of others.How might the two be related?
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Evolutionary Perspectives
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65 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to François Jacob (1977),natural selection works like a A)scientist.
B)tinkerer.
C)engineer.
D)traveling salesman.
Q2) Comparative research on area MT indicates that the precursor to this area probably evolved
A)before the emergence of primates,given that humans,apes,monkeys,and tree shrews all have homologous areas.
B)early in primate evolution,given that humans,apes,and monkeys,but not tree shrews,all have homologous areas.
C)late in primate evolution,given that only humans,gorillas,and chimpanzees have homologous areas.
D)late in primate evolution,given that no other species has a homologue to human region MT.
Q3) Evolutionary psychologists often propose that the human mind is like a Swiss Army knife,with a variety of specific adaptations that are each the product of selection pressures from specific environmental problems.Is this a parsimonious viewpoint? Why or why not?
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Page 17