Cognition and Perception Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Cognition and Perception explores the fundamental processes by which humans receive, interpret, and respond to sensory information from the environment. The course examines how sensory systems work to gather stimuli, how the brain organizes and makes sense of this input, and how these processes underlie thought, memory, decision-making, and problem-solving. Key topics include attention, pattern recognition, perception of space, time, and motion, as well as the neural mechanisms that support cognitive functions. Through the integration of theoretical models and experimental findings, students will gain a comprehensive understanding of how cognition and perception interact to shape our experience of the world.
Recommended Textbook
Cognitive Psychology 6th Edition by Robert J. Sternberg
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12 Chapters
1207 Verified Questions
1207 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) A leader in guiding functionalism toward pragmatism was __________,whose chief functional contribution to the field of psychology was his landmark book,Principles of Psychology.
A)John Dewey
B)William James
C)Edward Lee Thorndike
D)Hermann Ebbinghaus
Answer: B
Q2) Christia is in the process of developing a research idea.She currently is reviewing various _____,which consists of explanatory principles for the phenomenon of interest.
A)correlational studies
B)dependent variables
C)hypotheses
D)theories
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience
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Sample Questions
Q1) This particular part of the hindbrain "contains neural fibers that pass signals from one part of the brain to another" and thus serves as a relay station.
A)medulla oblongata
B)pons
C)cerebellum
D)limbic system
Answer: B
Q2) This type of disorder is caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain and often contributes to noticeable loss in cognitive functioning.
A)vascular disorder
B)aphasic stroke
C)dratonin
D)neoplasms
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nancy has a difficult time with perceiving very specific sounds.This would be an example of what type of agnosia?
A)apperceptive agnosia
B)associative agnosia
C)auditory agnosia
D)achronatopsia
Answer: C
Q2) This particular color deficit is true color-blindness in that the person really has no ability to see any color.
A)deuteranopia
B)dichromacy
C)monochromacy
D)Protanomaly
Answer: C
Q3) These cues about depth are based upon the information received from both eyes.
A)object-centered representation
B)monocular depth cues
C)perceptual constancies
D)binocular depth cues
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Attention and Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how an MRI works.
Q2) Describe the difference between selective attention and vigilance.
Q3) This attentional dysfunction,typically due to lesions in the parietal lobes,is when a person ignores information from half of their visual field.
A)single hemisphere neglect
B)anterior attentional deficit
C)signal detection failure
D)spatial neglect
Q4) Your child attends a school that requires use of 1 of 4 different uniforms.You lament that it is often difficult to spot your child in the crowd of children.The difficulty is due to a search involving
A)feature search.
B)vigilance.
C)divided attention.
D)conjunction search.
Q5) Describe Neisser's theory concerning the two processes that govern attention.
Q6) Explain how the various theories of selective attention would account for the difficulty in finding Waldo.
Q7) Describe the relationship between attention and consciousness.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Memory: Models and Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) During his experiments studying iconic store,Sperling would flash an array of stimuli (e.g. ,letters and/or numbers)for approximately 50 milliseconds on a screen.Asked to recall just the symbols presented on the third line would be an example of the
A)backward visual masking.
B)forward visual masking.
C)partial-report procedure.
D)whole-report procedure.
Q2) Compare the sensory store,the short-term store,and the long-term store with each other and state the way in which they differ from one another.
Q3) John participates in an experiment in which he is presented with letters on a screen.Every time he sees an "X" he is supposed to report the letter that appeared three letters earlier.This is an example of which type of task?
A)temporal order
B)retention-delay
C)n-back
D)serial
Q4) Explain double dissociations and their relevance to understanding memory.
Q5) Describe what implicit memory is.
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Chapter 6: Memory Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the seven sins of memory.
Q2) The processes of encoding,storage,and retrieval __________ with each other and are
A)interact;interdependent
B)interact;not interdependent
C)do not interact;interdependent
D)do not interact;not interdependent
Q3) When the perpetrator (person who committed a crime)is not present in a line-up,eyewitnesses tend to
A)pick an individual who looks most like the perpetrator.
B)not pick anyone from the line-up.
C)pick the least attractive individual in the line-up.
D)pick an individual from the line-up at random.
Q4) One of the sins of memory in which false information is thought to have occurred (e.g. ,seeing something that did not occur).
A)suggestibility
B)bias
C)blocking
D)transience
8
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Chapter 7: The Landscape of Memory: Mental Images, maps,
and Propositions
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Sample Questions
Q1) John mentally represents a boat sailing under a bridge.He then represents what he has heard a person shouting from a car downtown.According to the Anderson and Bower's hypothesis,__________ is/are encoded as (a)proposition(s).
A)the first representation only
B)the second representation only
C)neither representation
D)both of the representations
Q2) This manipulation of ambiguous figures involves a shift in the figure in regards to its "positional orientations of the figures on the mental page or screen."
A)mental repositioning
B)mental reassessment
C)mental realignment
D)mental reconstrual
Q3) Contrast the hypothesis of Allan Paivio with that of Anderson and Bower.With which points of each (dual-code vs.propositional)do you agree or disagree? Which would you support and why?
Q4) What is the difference between declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge? Give an example of each to show distinctions.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Organization of Knowledge in the Mind
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Sample Questions
Q1) The __________ process refers to a process by which stimuli activate nodes within a network and activation causes connections between nodes to become active.
A)connected excitation
B)connected activation
C)spreading excitation
D)spreading activation
Q2) __________ refers to a model of information processing that integrates a network representation for declarative knowledge and a production-system representation for procedural knowledge.
A)The declarative-procedural frame approach
B)ACT (Adaptive control of thought)
C)Conceptual dependency
D)Artificial intelligence
Q3) This particular type of category,unlike other types of categories,is flexible and can change over time.
A)ad hoc categories
B)artifact categories
C)natural categories
D)polymorphous categories
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Chapter 9: Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) This area of study focuses on the particular phonemes of a language
A)discourse.
B)phonemics.
C)phonetics.
D)allophones.
Q2) This term refers to the ability to take our thoughts and transform them in to linguist output.
A)linguistic input/output theory
B)decoding
C)encoding
D)principle of differential meaning
Q3) Which of the following areas of study have contributed to our understanding of language?
A)sociolinguistics,anthrolinguistics,and psycholinguistics
B)neurolinguistics,anthrolinguistics,and psycholinguistics
C)neurolinguistics,sociolinguistics,and linguistics
D)linguistics,psycholinguistics,and anthrolinguistics
Q4) Explain how the various theories of speech perception account for language comprehension.What are the main differences and similarities?
Q5) Explain semantics and grammar and how they are similar and dissimilar.
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Chapter 10: Language in Context
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ refer(s)to inadvertent errors in what is said,usually as a result of articulatory or semantic confusion of phonemes,morphemes,or even words.
A)Semantic confusion
B)Conversational errors
C)Similes
D)Slips of the tongue
Q2) __________ refers to an attempt by a speaker to get a listener to do something,such as giving the answer to a question.
A)Representative
B)Directive
C)Commissive
D)Declaration
Q3) __________ refers to a simple means of communication that is a rudimentary mixture of the lexicon and syntax of two or more languages.
A)Pidgin
B)Creole
C)Dialect
D)Language
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Chapter 11: Problem Solving and Creativity
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Q1) Based on what you know about incubation,what are some of the things you would do if you wanted to facilitate your likelihood of success in solving a problem?
Q2) This type of thinking is when the person is working with associations that are already known and this type of thinking is not associated with insight problems.
A)reproductive thinking
B)productive thinking
C)convergent thinking
D)divergent thinking
Q3) Which of the following characteristics has not been associated with highly creative individuals?
A)openness to new experiences
B)low hostile towards others
C)expertise in a specific area
D)high in self-acceptance
Q4) Discuss the similarities and differences between mental set,functional fixedness,and stereotypes for problem solving.
Q5) What are the advantages of becoming an expert? What are the disadvantages? Explain.
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Chapter 12: Decision Making and Reasoning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because of the __________ we falsely tend to see particular attributes,categories,or events as going together.
A)fallacy of composition
B)tendency to perceive illusory correlation
C)hindsight bias
D)framing effect
Q2) This notion suggests that we do not have infinite sensitivity when evaluating an number of different options.Rather when making decisions "we are rational but within limits."
A)opportunity costs
B)subjective probability
C)bounded rationality
D)perspective effects
Q3) Define modus ponens,modus tollens,denying the antecedent,and affirming the consequent arguments.Give examples of each to show the distinctions.
Q4) For categorical syllogisms,what are the differences between universal and particular arguments?
Q5) How can deciding on a college or graduate school be an example of subjective utility theory?
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