Course Introduction
Clinical Psychology
Final Test Solutions
Clinical Psychology focuses on the assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of psychological disorders and emotional difficulties. This course examines the scientific foundations of psychopathology, explores evidence-based interventions, and considers ethical issues unique to clinical practice. Students will gain an understanding of case formulation, therapeutic techniques, and the role of the clinical psychologist within multidisciplinary teams. Through the integration of theory, research, and practical examples, the course prepares students to think critically about mental health issues across diverse populations and settings.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Clinical Psychology 3rd Canadian Edition by John Hunsley
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Clinical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evidence-based practice refers to the practitioner only offering services that:
A)have been demonstrated in a series of RCTs to be efficacious.
B)are listed in clinical practice guidelines.
C)are in areas in which the clinician has received training and demonstrated competence.
D)are based on the synthesis of research evidence,client's history and treatment preferences,and the clinician's experience.
Answer: D
Q2) The Army Beta test was developed to assess the _________________ of American army recruits in the First World War.
A)verbal mental abilities
B)nonverbal mental abilities
C)ability to resist 'shell-shock'
D)leadership capacity
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Contemporary Clinical Psychology
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Q1) Which type of prevention involves efforts to reduce overall disability resulting from a mental disorder?
A)Elementary
B)Primary
C)Secondary
D)Tertiary
Answer: D
Q2) The purpose of a Ph.D.or Psy.D.program having accreditation is to ensure that the training program
A)maintains its enrolment to produce enough clinical psychologists to meet the population's needs.
B)maintains standards that meet the profession's expectations for the education of clinical psychologists.
C)maintains high standards for acceptance of students.
D)does not overload students with needless courses and excessive clinical training.
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Classification and Diagnosis
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Q1) A new client reports concerns that her child frequently talks about his imaginary friend and all of the wonderful adventures they have together.A psychologist using a developmental psychopathology approach would first:
A)ask about any familial history of mental illness.
B)ask if there were birth had complications that may have contributed to developmental issues.
C)recommend that the client bring her son for a therapy session.
D)ask the son's age to determine age-appropriateness of his behaviour.
Answer: D
Q2) The extent of comorbidity in clinical populations is A)non-existent.
B)limited.
C)unknown.
D)substantial.
Answer: D
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5
Chapter 4: Research Methods in Clinical Psychology
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Q1) Research ideas can be inspired by:
A)experience and observation.
B)previous research.
C)theory.
D)all of the above.
Q2) Aspects of data analysis that influence the validity of the conclusions drawn about the results of the research study is referred to as
A)clinical significance.
B)face validity.
C)self-report measures.
D)statistical conclusion validity.
Q3) Which of the following involves a set of statistical procedures to quantitatively review research in an area?
A)structural equation modeling.
B)quantitative research design.
C)meta-analysis.
D)systematic reviews.
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Chapter 5: Assessment: Overview
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Q1) Consistency across clinicians and testing occasions in the procedure used to administer and score a test is referred to as:
A)normalization.
B)standardization.
C)inter-rater reliability.
D)content validity.
Q2) In what ways)can treatment outcome data can be used?
A)To help estimate the benefits,duration,and cost of treatment.
B)As an indicator of how well an entire system of care is functioning.
C)To document the typical range of outcomes experienced by clients as a means of comparison between clients.
D)All of the above.
Q3) Case formulation refers to the process of collecting assessment data
A)for use in court proceedings.
B)to evaluate intervention services.
C)as a means of communication among clinicians and with other health professionals through patient files.
D)to develop a comprehensive view of a patient's functioning.
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Chapter 6: Assessment: Interviewing and Observation
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Q1) Which of the following has have)been used to help with interviewing children?
A)Visual analogue such as a feelings thermometer.
B)Puppets.
C)Cartoons.
D)All of the above.
Q2) Self-monitoring strategies can provide information on
A)the baseline rate of a problem or behaviour.
B)conditions that may provoke or maintain problem behaviour.
C)behaviour that the psychologist cannot observe in session.
D)all of the above.
Q3) The most widely used diagnostic interview in North America is the
A)Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I Disorders.
B)Structured Clinical Interview for Axis II Disorders.
C)Primary Care Evaluation of Professional Mental Disorders.
D)Dominic Interactive.
Q4) Research on the use of dolls in interviews has found that they
A)help pre-school age children provide more accurate accounts.
B)increase both detail and number of errors in children's statements.
C)secure more convictions of sexual predators.
D)decrease both detail and number of errors in children's statements.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Assessment: Intellectual and Cognitive Measures
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Q1) Currently,tests of intelligence and related cognitive abilities are considered to be among
A)the psychometrically strongest of the tests that psychologists have developed.
B)the psychometrically weakest of the tests that psychologists have developed.
C)the least controversial of the tests that psychologists have developed.
D)the most confusing of the tests that psychologists have developed.
Q2) Intellectual functioning prior to an accident or the onset of a neurological decline is referred to as
A)premorbid IQ.
B)predeficit IQ.
C)precise IQ.
D)general IQ.
Q3) Perceptual reasoning refers to the ability to:
A)do timed tasks that require the use of information in short-term memory.
B)use visually presented material.
C)quickly process and use new information.
D)comprehend and use verbal material.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures
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Q1) Research comparing the susceptibility of projective tests and self-reports of personality to faking responses
A)is inconclusive.
B)indicates that projective tests are consistently more easily faked than are self-report measures.
C)indicates that self-report measures are consistently more easily faked than are projective tests.
D)suggests that the ambiguous nature of projective tests makes it difficult for clients to exaggerate or minimize psychological problems.
Q2) Walter Mischel's 1968)literature review of research into the link between personality traits and actual behaviour found
A)a strong correlation.
B)a modest correlation.
C)an inverse correlation.
D)a correlation that was moderated by age.
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Chapter 9: Assessment Integration and Clinical
Decision-Making
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Q1) To demonstrate the relationship between accurately detecting patterns within a client's data,O'Brien 1995)presented clinical psychology graduates with a limited but specific data.The results of this study indicated that the students were able to accurately detect related factors
A)none of the time.
B)about 25% of the time.
C)about half of the time.
D)all of the time.
Q2) Research consistently shows that agreement on the _______ by the client and therapist is the core of an effective therapeutic alliance.
A)diagnosis
B)goals of treatment
C)cause of mental health issues
D)potential barriers to treatment
Q3) Providing assessment feedback to a client:
A)helps the client identify situations that might exacerbate difficulties.
B)allows verification of the general accuracy of the assessment results.
C)promotes collaboration with the client in establishing therapeutic goals.
D)all of the above.
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Chapter 10: Prevention
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Q1) Meta-analytic research indicates that anxiety prevention programs result in ________ effects in reduction of both anxiety symptoms and diagnoses,and are most effective when using _________ intervention programs.
A)large; indicated/selected B)small but significant; universal C)small but significant; indicated/selected D)large; universal
Q2) The extent to which a prevention program achieves desired outcomes when used in an applied setting rather than in the original research conditions is known as A)the number needed to treat.
B)effectiveness.
C)the reduction of risk.
D)efficacy.
Q3) Parents' use of physical punishment in both Canada and the United States is A)against the law.
B)permitted only if the parent does not inflict physical harm.
C)permitted only if the physical harm is justified by the seriousness of the misbehaviour. D)entirely at the parent's discretion.
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Chapter 11: Intervention: Overview
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Q1) Behavioural interventions focus on
A)reducing undesirable behaviours.
B)reducing undesirable behaviours and increasing desirable behaviours.
C)increasing desirable behaviours.
D)classical conditioning responses.
Q2) In discussing treatment the psychologist should explain:
A)his/her preferred method of treatment.
B)evidence-based treatments s/he is competent to provide.
C)the major evidence-based treatments for the client's problem.
D)treatments s/he has found helpful in treating people with similar problems.
Q3) What type of group treatment is designed to capitalize on the dynamics of the group?
A)Structured group approaches.
B)Unstructured group approaches.
C)Process group approaches.
D)Dynamic procedural group approaches.
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Chapter 12: Intervention: Adults and Couples
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Q1) Clinical practice guidelines
A)provide recommendations based on best available evidence.
B)provide recommendations based on clinical experience.
C)were first introduced by psychologists.
D)are available only to trained healthcare professionals.
Q2) The garbage-in,garbage-out,criticism of meta-analysis claims
A)it is problematic to include different treatments together in a meta-analysis.
B)it is unsuitable to include different diagnostic groups in a meta-analysis.
C)if poor quality studies in the meta-analysis,its results will be unreliable.
D)effect sizes are not clinically meaningful.
Q3) Mary Smith and Gene Glass are the authors of the first:
A)meta-analysis of the adult psychotherapy literature.
B)scientific article to strongly support the use of psychotherapy.
C)article advocating for evidence-based psychotherapy.
D)article to provide empirical support for psychoanalysis.
Q4) Efficacious treatments are treatments that have been demonstrated within A)a clinical setting.
B)a controlled research study.
C)Both A and B
D)None of the above
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Intervention: Children and Adolescents
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Q1) Coercive exchanges between parents and their children are characterized by parents
A)rewarding children for positive behaviour and children rewarding parents by engaging in positive behaviour.
B)using authoritarian methods e.g.,shouting or spanking).
C)rewarding children for aversive behaviour and children rewarding parents by ceasing the aversive behaviour.
D)rewarding children for aversive behaviour and children punishing parents by continuing the aversive behaviour.
Q2) McLeod and Weisz 2004)found that unpublished dissertations studying child psychotherapy,compared with published studies,
A)were more methodologically sound,and obtained lower effect sizes.
B)were more methodologically sound,and obtained higher effect sizes.
C)were less methodologically sound,and obtained lower effect sizes.
D)were less methodologically sound,and obtained higher effect sizes.
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15
Chapter 14: Intervention: Identifying Key Elements of Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following therapist variables influences treatment outcome?
A)Gender.
B)Age.
C)Ethnicity.
D)Emotional well-being.
Q2) Socio-economic status of the client variable can influence treatment outcome because ____________socio-economic status is related to a greater likelihood of _______________.
A)higher; staying in treatment
B)higher; not staying in treatment
C)lower; engaging with the therapist
D)lower; staying in treatment
Q3) Focusing on enhancing patient self-awareness and understanding of their problems works best for patients who ________,whereas patients who ________ respond best to a focus on symptom alleviation.
A)are undercontrolled; are introspective
B)have an internalizing style; have an externalizing style
C)are extroverted; are introverted
D)have an externalizing style ; have an internalizing style
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Health Psychology, clinical Neuropsychology, and Forensic Psychology
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Q1) The PCL-R
A)measures psychopathy.
B)is considered to be the single best predictor of violent behaviour.
C)is considered to be useful in diverse cultural contexts.
D)all of the above.
Q2) Which test was found to be unacceptable by expert forensic psychologists to both assess the propensity towards violence and competency to stand trial?
A)The Personality Assessment Inventory
B)The Rorschach
C)The MMPI-2
D)The WAIS III
Q3) Participation and Activity Limitation Survey PALS)data from 2006 revealed that _____________was/were the most common disability in those aged over 65.
A)a chronic health condition
B)mobility problems
C)chronic pain
D)learning disability
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