Clinical Psychology Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Clinical Psychology is the scientific study and application of psychological knowledge to understanding, diagnosing, and treating mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. This course explores theoretical approaches, assessment methods, and therapeutic interventions used by clinical psychologists, as well as ethical, cultural, and professional issues within the field. Students will examine case studies, learn about evidence-based practices, and gain insights into the roles clinical psychologists play in various settings, including hospitals, private practices, and community organizations. Through this course, students will develop a foundational understanding of psychopathology, intervention strategies, and the integration of research into clinical practice.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Clinical Psychology 8th Edition by Geoffrey P. Kramer
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16 Chapters
606 Verified Questions
606 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: What Is Clinical Psychology
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The field of clinical psychology involves
A) understanding and predicting psychological distress and disability.
B) research and teaching.
C) providing services for alleviating behavioral maladjustment.
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Q2) Paraprofessionals are often licensed and generally work as part of a treatment team.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) In which of the following areas do licensed psychologists spend the greatest percentage of their time?
A) individual psychotherapy
B) assessment
C) teaching
D) research
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Clinical Psychologys Past and Present
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The earliest reception for the new clinical psychology
A) was overwhelmingly positive.
B) was mostly positive, especially by those involved in research.
C) foreshadowed future issues between the "psychology as a science" and "psychology as an applied profession" divisions of the new field.
D) none of the above
Answer: C
Q2) Early psychologists were characterized by their determination to study human behavior based on the two scientific principles of observation and experimentation.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Psychological intelligence testing and personality testing developed at about the same time.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Basic Features of Clinical Assessment
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23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes the unique characteristics of the types of assessment in which clinical psychologists engage?
A) Since it is the dominant activity for clinical psychologists, they are considered the experts in this field.
B) It tends to be more formal and more systematic than assessments performed by nonprofessionals.
C) It always involves the use of standardized tests and projective measures.
D) Since it relies heavily on clinical judgment, it is often neither valid nor helpful.
Answer: B
Q2) Clinicians tend to underpredict dangerousness.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The DSM-III and DSM-III-R implemented a multiaxial approach to diagnosing mental disorders.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Interviewing and Observation in Clinical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) An interview could be considered semistructured when the interviewer imposes structure by asking questions that guide the conversation, but also maintains a non-directive stance.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An interview is
A) a conversation with a purpose or goal.
B) central to clinical assessment.
C) usually the starting point of treatment.
D) all of the above
Q3) Which of the following is a type of behavioral observation that is also the cornerstone for many group, psychodynamic, and humanistic treatments?
A) thought sampling
B) contrived observation
C) role-playing
D) self-monitoring
Q4) Discuss the factors that are likely to lead to an increased use of instruments that measure physiological responses.
Q5) Describe the two courses that crisis interviews usually take.
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Chapter 5: Testing in Clinical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _______ is the most influential psychological test available for the objective measurement of personality.
A) Rorschach
B) MMPI-2
C) WAISIII
D) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Q2) Two principles that facilitate the elimination of extraneous variables in testing are
A) objectivity and projectivity.
B) standardization and elaboration.
C) objectivity and standardization.
D) explicity and implicity.
Q3) Aptitude tests measure proficiency at certain tasks or how well a person can perform in specific areas.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Alfred Binet was the first person to develop a measure of intelligence.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are some of the ways that testers can minimize response distortions?
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Chapter 6: Basic Features of Clinical Interventions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Clinical intervention
A) can be defined as a clinician attempting to change a client's behavior in a positive direction.
B) can refer to a professional trying to modify a client's emotional reactions or social circumstances in a desirable direction.
C) can take a variety of forms, including psychotherapy.
D) is all of the above.
Q2) Discuss the relationship between the therapist's self-awareness, the influence of values, and ethics in psychotherapy.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a competency-related difficulty that a clinician might experience?
A) A woman who has been seen regularly for outpatient treatment seeks help for her adolescent son who has just been arrested for underage drinking.
B) A clinician can't seem to like one of his clients, and has begun to dread his scheduled sessions.
C) A clinician who works in a hospice setting struggles with feelings of deep sadness. D) all of the above
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Chapter 7: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Psychotherapies
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39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A primary goal of Gestalt therapy is to
A) help clients become aware of genuine feelings they have disowned.
B) recognize the feelings and values that they have borrowed from other people.
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b
Q2) The psychoanalytic continuum from unconscious to preconscious, to conscious thought is called the structural model of the mind.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are some reasons why therapists might gravitate away from strict psychoanalytic approaches toward object relations or ego-analytic approaches?
Q4) Which of the following are listed in the correct order of occurrence in psychoanalysis?
A) transference, resistance, interpretation, working through B) defensiveness, resistance, working through, transference
C) interpretation, defensiveness, psychic determinism, working through D) none of the above, there is no predictable course of therapy in psychoanalysis
Q5) Discuss the dual role of reflection in person-centered therapy.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although problem assessment is considered important, DSM-5 diagnosis is generally not the focus of this assessment.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In order to maintain a positive working alliance, cognitive therapists try to avoid direct education about the power of cognitive distortions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The primary goal of behavior therapists is
A) to complete a thorough functional analysis.
B) to assign an accurate DSM-5 diagnosis.
C) to help the client modify maladaptive overt behaviors.
D) to help the client modify maladaptive cognitions that affect behavior.
Q4) What are the three main goals of cognitive therapy?
Q5) Describe some ways that newer technologies facilitate behavioral therapies.
Q6) Cognitions are important because they mediate between the id and the ego.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Alternative Modes of Clinical Intervention
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Sample Questions
Q1) Prayer has demonstrated effectiveness for improving one's quality of life, especially "intercessory prayer" where one prays for another.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Cognitive behavioral groups are sometimes known as ___________________groups because they focus on sharing information rather than group process.
A) bibliotherapy
B) resource-based
C) psychoeducational
D) skills training
Q3) Discuss three of the five areas in which "prevention science" research has demonstrated effectiveness in preventing psychopathology.
Q4) Describe some of the contexts in which couples and families live, and the changes that are occurring in those contexts.
Q5) There are times when a therapist sees both members of a couple.This procedure is called "conjoint therapy."
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Research on Clinical Intervention
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Sample Questions
Q1) The psychoanalytic and behavioral traditions often look at an individual subject's response to treatment over time. In evaluating response to treatment, these clinicians are likely to use the
A) between-subjects design.
B) within-subjects design.
C) baseline measurements design.
D) none of the above, it is impossible to gain useful information from a single subject.
Q2) Individual therapy is almost always more effective than family, couples, or group therapies.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Family therapy has proven effective for A) improving communication patterns.
B) improving behavior of the identified client.
C) improving parental discipline techniques.
D) all of the above
Q4) Within-subject research designs are usually conducted with large sample sizes.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 11: Clinical Child Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) When prevalence estimates for CD and ODD are combined, ___________of children can be considered to have one of these disruptive disorders.
A) 2% to 10% of both boys and girls
B) 2% to 16% of girls and 4% to 16% of boys
C) 4% to 25% of girls and boys
D) 4% to 25% of girls or 4% to 32% of boys
Q2) The use of projective tests with children
A) has increased in recent years.
B) is less controversial that the use of such tests with adults.
C) "sometimes tell us poorly something we already know."
D) provides information that it is impossible to get through observation or interviews.
Q3) Children with separation anxiety disorder
A) are more likely to be boys than girls.
B) can be diagnosed from the age of 12 months.
C) experience symptoms of distress upon separation from their caregivers for at least four months.
D) experience distress upon separation, concerns about future separations, and are reluctant to be alone.
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Chapter 12: Health Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why might social support be considered important, but also to carry some risks to adaptive functioning?
Q2) Nearly half of all deaths in the United States can be attributed to risky behaviors, such as smoking, unhealthy eating, sedentary lifestyles, and alcohol abuse.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The transtheoretical model in health psychology
A) addresses cognitive factors involved in people's decision to change health-related behaviors.
B) assesses a client's readiness and ability to inhibit certain behaviors.
C) assesses a client's ability to perform certain behaviors.
D) all of the above
Q4) Phantom pain
A) can be easily treated through cognitive-behavioral interventions.
B) refers to pain that comes and goes mysteriously.
C) is difficult to treat because its origins and processes are unknown,
D) is no longer considered an area for health psychologists to concern themselves with.
Q5) Explain the relationship between stress and illness.
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Chapter 13: Clinical Neuopsychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Blindness is the most common problem associated with parietal lobe dysfunction.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The two theories about the relationship between behaviors and areas of the brain that led to present-day neuropsychology are
A) localization of function and equipotentiality.
B) phrenology and localization of function.
C) phrenology and equipotentiality.
D) localization of function and mesmerism.
Q3) Describe the various ways brain lateralization is studied.
Q4) The concept of modularity implies that the brain
A) is divided into discrete sections that operate relatively independently.
B) is divided into regions that receive and process information uniquely.
C) has three major divisions.
D) is a single module that operates globally.
Q5) Neuropsychologists have finally developed a complete and integrated account of schizophrenia.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Is the right hemisphere really the inferior hemisphere? Why or why not?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Forensic Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the McNaughton rule, and the impact it has had on present day forensic psychology.
Q2) Tort law provides a mechanism for society to seek redress for harm individuals suffer from a defendant's wrongful acts.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Whether individuals can understand legal proceedings and can assist their attorney in their defense is called
A) sanity.
B) competence to stand trial.
C) cognitive maturity.
D) all of the above
Q4) ____________________occurs when a psychologist attempts to evaluate the psychological state of an individual after than individual is deceased.
A) A postmortem evaluation
B) A psychological profile
C) A psychological autopsy
D) An advance medical directive
Q5) Describe the three ways that claims for psychological disability might arise.
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Chapter 15: Professional Issues in Clinical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was NOT a lasting outcome of the Vail Conference?
A) professional training became an acceptable model for clinical psychologists
B) free-standing professional schools for clinical training
C) persons at the master's level are considered professional psychologists
D) a larger number of graduates entering the field of clinical psychology
Q2) In many states the Tarasoff ruling has had the effect of
A) requiring clinicians to violate confidentiality in certain circumstances.
B) imposing a "duty to warn" on clinicians.
C) raising questions about a "duty to warn" when working with individuals with HIV/AIDS.
D) all of the above
Q3) With equivalent training and experience, psychologists in independent practice probably
A) earn significantly more than academic psychologists.
B) earn significantly more than psychologists employed by the VA
C) earn significantly more than psychologists employed in university student counseling centers.
D) all of the above
Q4) Discuss at least three recent changes that have affected the field of clinical psychology.
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Chapter 16: Getting Into Graduate School in Clinical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The PhD is considered the terminal degree in psychology. A)True
B)False
Q2) Clinical experience
A) may help focus the student's interests in clinical work.
B) may help the student confirm a desire to do clinical work.
C) is not deemed particularly important by selection committees in PhD programs.
D) all of the above
Q3) By organizing application materials before giving them to the individual who is going to write letters of reference, a student
A) might come across as somewhat compulsive.
B) can minimize errors that might occur.
C) could aggravate the person doing the recommending.
D) all of the above
Q4) Free-standing professional schools of psychology that offer the PsyD degree
A) place less emphasis on research training than university-based programs.
B) tend to be less expensive than university-based programs.
C) have higher admissions standards than university based programs.
D) often have quite small class sizes to facilitate clinical training.
Q5) What steps should a student take before applying to graduate school?
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