Clinical Psychology
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Clinical Psychology is the scientific study and application of psychological principles to assess, diagnose, and treat mental health disorders and emotional or behavioral problems in individuals across the lifespan. This course covers foundational theories, research methods, and evidence-based therapeutic approaches used in the field, while also exploring the ethical, cultural, and professional issues relevant to clinical practice. Students will gain an understanding of psychopathology, psychological assessment, intervention techniques, and the evolving role of clinical psychologists within multidisciplinary healthcare teams.
Recommended Textbook
Theories of Personality 10th Edition by
Richard M. Ryckman
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15 Chapters
1256 Verified Questions
1256 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Studying Personality: Assessment, research, and Theory
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/37079
Sample Questions
Q1) Freud based his theory of personality on A) the laboratory setting.
B) cognitive processing.
C) clinical observation of his patients.
D) behaviorism.
Answer: C
Q2) Ethnicity and culture are considered widely variable in the study of personality.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Projective tests have low reliability and low validity,but are widely used anyway. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Freud is known as the founder of psychoanalysis.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the technique of free association and how this technique might be used by Freud when dealing with repressed memories.
Answer: Free association allows the therapist to analyze the client's unresolved and hidden issues by using words or free thought from the client to uncover repressed traumatic memories that the client can not normally retrieve.The therapist interprets the client's associations and fights through their resistance to understand his or her past.
Q2) Freud's major research method was the case study.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The father of modern psychology was A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Carl Jung.
C) John Watson.
D) Wilhelm Wundt.
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Carl Jung: Analytical Psychology
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90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ancient experiences contained in the collective unconscious are manifested by recurring themes or patterns Jung called archetypes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) According to Jung,the self archetype is
A) a point of equilibrium midway between the forces of the conscious and the unconscious.
B) the first step toward self-knowledge.
C) the first system of the psyche to develop fully.
D) unable to develop fully until adolescence.
Answer: A
Q3) Introverted feeling types are emotional and more typical of women than men.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) For Jung,the ultimate goal in life is the realization of the self.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Alfred Adler: Individual Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain and illustrate the concept of fictional finalism,as this relates to an area of belief in your life or in the life of a famous person.This issue may be an idolized goal such as perfection,or the concept that can't be tested by reality,but becomes a personal belief system.
Q2) Adler's influence can be seen in the work of A) Erich Fromm.
B) Abraham Maslow.
C) Karen Horney.
D) all of the answers.
Q3) Research has shown that children who are neglected by their parents score high on the ____ scale of the MMPI.
A) paranoia
B) social introversion
C) depression
D) hysteria
Q4) Adler believed that dreams fulfill
A) conscious desires.
B) our psychotic compulsions.
C) wishes or reveal hidden conflicts.
D) our daily conflicts.
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Chapter 5: Karen Horney: Neurotic Needs and Trends
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Sample Questions
Q1) The core of Horney's theory developed as a(n)
A) neurotic crisis during middle age.
B) agreement with Freud's Oedipal complex.
C) crisis in childhood experiences.
D) result of physical inferiorities.
Q2) Horney's major assessment techniques were
A) hypnosis and free association.
B) dream analysis and early recollections.
C) projective tests.
D) free association and dream analysis
Q3) Compared to Freud,Horney
A) believed in the therapist-client working relationship.
B) focused on her patients' unconscious minds.
C) rejected psychoanalysis as a technique for therapy.
D) placed more emphasis on the ego and the id conflict than Freud.
Q4) Karen Horney was influenced by Freud but her theories deviated from him by arguing that men envied women because of their capacity for motherhood.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Erik Erikson: Identity Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Basic strengths are interdependent; these strengths cannot develop until the strengths associated with the previous stages have been confirmed.
A)True
B)False
Q2) On the free will-determinism dimension,Erikson's image of human nature
A) is only partially deterministic.
B) rejects determinism in favor of free will.
C) proposes no ultimate life goal.
D) focuses on biological forces.
Q3) A person forms some form of productive work,establishes intimate relationships,and has an opportunity to become independent from his parents in the
A) intimacy versus isolation stage.
B) generativity versus stagnation stage.
C) identity cohesion versus role confusion stage.
D) industriousness versus inferiority stage.
Q4) Care is the basic strength that emerges from generativity in adulthood.
A)True
B)False
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8
Chapter 7: Gordon Allport: Motivation and Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Allport's personal-document approach involves the use of
A) dream analysis.
B) a person's written or spoken records to determine the number and kinds of personality traits.
C) free association.
D) intelligence tests.
Q2) Allport and two colleagues developed an objective self-report assessment test called the
A) Study of Values.
B) Study of Traits.
C) Thematic Apperception Test.
D) Rorschach Inkblot Test.
Q3) Allport cited the example of a well-fed rat continuing to run a maze for food as evidence for
A) propriate functional autonomy.
B) habit.
C) propriate striving.
D) perseverative functional autonomy.
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9
Chapter 8: Raymond Cattell, hans Eysenck, and Other Trait
Theorists
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Sample Questions
Q1) For Eysenck,the most significant factor in intelligence is A) environment.
B) heredity.
C) learning.
D) unpredictability.
Q2) The basic innate unit of motivation is the A) sentiment.
B) erg.
C) basic drive.
D) temperament trait.
Q3) One advantage of T-data is that
A) it is obtained under controlled laboratory conditions.
B) it requires trained, experienced observers.
C) subjects do not know what is being measured.
D) subjects know themselves better than experimenters do.
Q4) Cattell's approach to personality was to study A) so-called abnormal people. B) and attempt to change a personality.
C) through the use of the case study method.
D) personality, not to treat it.
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Chapter 9: Abraham Maslow: Needs- Hierarchy Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tendency to self-actualize can be impeded by A) a saintly attitude.
B) our doubts about our own abilities.
C) child-rearing practices that prevent learning the need.
D) spirituality.
Q2) Maslow insisted on psychology that emphasized A) both the study of animal and human behavior.
B) mechanistic and deterministic reactions of the individual.
C) conditioned responses and behaviorism.
D) human strengths, free-will, and the fulfillment of human potential.
Q3) Take into consideration a friend,family member,or famous person.(A)Explain some of the characteristics of this person,and describe what level they are on Maslow's hierarchy.(B)Explain and justify some of the particular characteristics of the lower levels they have concluded.
Q4) The needs to know and to understand are A) innate.
B) learned in infancy.
C) not operative until self-actualization is achieved.
D) not found in any species other than our own.
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Chapter 10: Carl Rogers: Self-Actualization Theory
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83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rogers' personality theory emphasizes the A) rationalistic side of a person.
B) ideal self.
C) self-concept.
D) selfish person.
Q2) In Rogers' image of human nature,
A) childhood events are more important than later events.
B) biological forces are more important than social forces.
C) the ultimate goal is tension reduction.
D) no aspect of personality is predetermined.
Q3) Rogers' research on delinquent children showed that A) family environment was the best predictor of later behavior.
B) self-insight was the best predictor of later behavior.
C) genetic factors were more influential than environmental factors.
D) it was impossible to predict later behavior.
Q4) Give your opinion on whether you agree or disagree with Rogers' insistence that current feelings and emotions have a greater impact on personality than past events,and in most cases,childhood experiences.Explain your answer,in detail.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: George Kelly: Personal Construct Theory
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Kelly,it is the operation of our mental processes and not the specific events that influence the formation of personality.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Role Construct Repertory (REP)Test is used to A) uncover complexes.
B) determine the person's roles.
C) reveal the development of anticipations.
D) uncover the pattern of constructs.
Q3) Kelly's early clinical work dealt with A) psychotic children.
B) students who were referred by their teachers for counseling.
C) severely neurotic adults.
D) institutionalized psychotic adults.
Q4) Kelly believed that the hostile person does not know how people will react to friendliness because he or she has rarely tried it.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Bfskinner: Reinforcement Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Skinner's research,food-deprived rats pressed a lever to receive a food pellet.The rat will eventually press the lever
A) and receive an electric shock.
B) at a decreasing rate.
C) because he will understand that he will be reinforced for his behavior with a food pellet.
D) since the lever is the reinforcer for the food pellet.
Q2) Skinner believed that physiological processes are
A) irrelevant for mental activities.
B) less important than conscious processes.
C) only relevant for the lower needs.
D) highly important as the foundation of behavior.
Q3) Shaping,according to Skinner,is the same thing as respondent behavior,which involves a response made or elicited by a specific stimulus.
A)True
B)False
Q4) To Skinner,respondent behavior was less important than operant behavior.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Albert Bandura: Modeling Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hostile and aggressive behaviors,as seen in research,tend to be strongly imitated A) only by adolescents.
B) only by rational or normal persons. C) by infants.
D) especially by children.
Q2) According to studies,the disinhibiting power of modeling is enhanced when the A) modeled aggression goes unpunished.
B) aggression being observed is socially justified.
C) victim invites attack.
D) all of the answers
Q3) By about the age of ____,children have developed sufficient attentional,retention,and production processes to begin imitating behavior some time after the observation rather than immediately.
A) 13.
B) 2.
C) 5
D) 8
Q4) Describe a person who has acted as an influential model in your life.What important values did you learn from this person?
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Chapter 14: Mini- Theories: Locus of Control, sensation
Seeking, learned Helplessness, optimismpessimism,
positive Psychology, and Happiness and Success
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In recent research,children whose mothers were depressed and had little education or income were likely to
A) have an extroverted personality
B) have an introverted personality.
C) develop an internal locus of control.
D) develop an external locus of control.
Q2) Zuckerman describes sensation seeking as the need for varied,novel,and complex sensations and experiences.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Evidence suggests that locus of control is learned in childhood and is directly related to
A) positive reinforcement.
B) peer pressure.
C) parental behavior.
D) culture.
Page 16
Q4) Define and explain the intent behind the development of Seligman's learned helplessness.In your own opinion,why would this theory be important for the implications for a person's future?
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Chapter 15: Personality in Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Seligman's terms,people who believe they are in control are pessimistic rather than optimistic.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Studies confirm that personality ____ as we grow into adolescence and early adulthood.
A) stays the same
B) stagnates
C) changes
D) activates
Q3) ____ refer(s)to conscious feelings,plans,and goals,and how we feel about life.
A) Personality characteristics
B) Personal plans
C) Ego-integrity
D) Personal concerns
Q4) Consider a theorist who used the environmental factor and explain how this person's theory could affect a person in (A)childhood, (B)adolescence,and (C)adulthood.
Q5) Define the conscious factor and the unconscious factor.Now give a real-life example of each one.
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