Clinical Psychology
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Clinical Psychology is the scientific study and application of psychological principles to the understanding, assessment, and treatment of mental health and behavioral problems. This course provides an overview of the history, theories, and contemporary practices within clinical psychology, including methods of diagnosis, psychological testing, psychotherapy techniques, and approaches to intervention. Students will explore common psychological disorders, ethical considerations, and the role of clinical psychologists within healthcare settings. The course emphasizes evidence-based practices and the integration of research findings into clinical decision-making and therapeutic processes.
Recommended Textbook
Abnormal Psychology 5th Canadian Edition by Gerald C. Davison
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Chapter 1: Introduction Definitional And Historical
Considerations, And Canadas Mental Health System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Expelling evil spirits by chanting and torture is known as A) somatic therapy.
B) exorcism.
C) witchcraft.
D) Santeria.
Answer: B
Q2) Jim wants to be a professional basketball player, but his height (i.e., 5'5") will not allow him to make a career of the sport. This could be considered a ________________, but it is not a concern of abnormal psychology.
A) Statistical infrequency
B) Violation of norms
C) Personal distress
D) Disability or dysfunction
Answer: D
Q3) Mesmer believed that one person could change another's behaviour.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Current Paradigms and Integrative Approaches
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jan has been struggling with depression and goes to see a therapist. The therapist practices from a Rogerian perspective. Which of the following statements is the therapist most likely to make?
A) "Your depression most likely stems from your belief that you are no good."
B) "Your depression is the result of the death of your family dog when you were a child."
C) "Your depression really seems to be bringing you down. I'd really like to support you in your recovery."
D) "Your depression is probably coming from your realization that one day you will die."
Answer: C
Q2) What was the impact of the "100-year experiment" on Aboriginal children in Canada where they were placed in residential schools?
A) Increased assimilation into the Anglo-Saxon culture.
B) Improvements in the IQ scores of Aboriginal children.
C) Loss of cultural identity and tradition for the Aboriginal people.
D) None of the above.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Clinical Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Traditionally ignored in original intelligence tests, there is growing interest in __________ aspects of intelligence to predict future success.
A) academic achievement
B) abstract reasoning
C) social comprehension
D) emotional
Answer: D
Q2) An electrocardiogram assesses the functioning of:
A) The brain
B) The heart
C) The skin
D) The respiratory system
Answer: B
Q3) The special scales to detect lying in the MMPI are considered:
A) Reliability scales
B) Validity scales
C) Faking scales
D) None of the above
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Classification and Diagnosis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Experienced clinicians use what, in addition to the DSM, to make diagnoses?
A) ICD-10
B) Insurance reimbursement tables
C) Clinical intuition
D) Physical examination
Q2) DSM-5 uses a similar multiaxial system for diagnosis as DSM-IV-TR.
A)True
B)False
Q3) DSM stands for Disease and Statistics Manual.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The proportion of a population that has a disorder at any given time is referred to as:
A) Incidence.
B) Prevalence.
C) Occurrence.
D) Frequency.
Q5) Asperger's syndrome is a diagnosis in DSM-5.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Research Methods In The Study of Abnormal Behaviour
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Q1) Jessica designs a study to investigate differences between patients with eating disorders and people without eating disorders. She constructs a self-report questionnaire with items related to problematic eating behaviours. Based on her research, she indicates that eating disorders can be defined by scores above 35 on her test instrument. This approach is best described as:
A) Operationism
B) Constructivism
C) Dimensionalism
D) Qualitative empiricism
Q2) Case studies are sometimes considered less than ideal for research because:
A) There is a lack of objectivity
B) Researchers have limited control
C) There are few cases for comparison
D) All of the above choices are correct
Q3) Which statement is true regarding correlation?
A) Correlation does not imply causation.
B) Causation does not imply correlation.
C) Both A and B are true.
D) Neither A nor B are true.
Q4) What are the benefits of meta-analysis? What are the drawbacks?
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Chapter 6: Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders
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Q1) Joan was in a car accident six weeks ago. Her car was totaled, but she only had some bumps and bruises. Since then, when she has to drive somewhere, she gets anxious and experiences increased heart rate, sweating, and a sense of impending disaster. The episodes usually last about 10 minutes. She is not experiencing any other symptoms. What is her most likely diagnosis and why? What other diagnoses did you consider?
Q2) Agoraphobia is characterized by a fear of
A) being in unfamiliar places.
B) being embarrassed by saying or doing something foolish in front of others.
C) strangers misinterpreting their symptoms as a heart attack.
D) having a panic attack in public.
Q3) Social phobia is usually first diagnosed in childhood.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following anxiety disorders is hardest to treat?
A) Specific phobia
B) Social phobia
C) Bipolar disorder
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Somatic Symptom Disorders and Dissociative Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nicholas Spanos used role-playing with students to help explain the attempt by ________ to try to be deemed not guilty by reason of insanity by faking a multiple personality.
A) The Night Stalker
B) The Boston Strangler
C) The Hillside Strangler
D) The Green River Killer
Q2) Goals for the treatment of dissociative identity disorder include:
A) Firm limits on socially inappropriate behaviour.
B) Maximum personal growth of each alter.
C) Integration of the several personalities.
D) Reliving the trauma that led to the problem.
Q3) Aphonia, anosmia, and the experience of anesthesias are indicators of:
A) Dissociative disorder
B) Hypochondriasis
C) Body dysmorphic disorder
D) Conversion disorder
Q4) Why is cognitive-behavioural therapy effective for treating somatoform disorders? Using two specific somatoform disorders, explain why CBT would be better than any other treatment.
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Chapter 8: Mood Disorders and Suicide
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to a recent Canadian study (Haggarty et al., 2002), which of the following regions would be most likely to suffer from seasonal affective disorder?
A) Western Canada
B) Eastern Canada
C) Central Canada
D) Northern Canada
Q2) Which of the following is a major problem that remains in the application of medication for the treatment of depression?
A) Relapse after medication discontinuation
B) Unpleasant side effects
C) There is little effect upon negative attributions.
D) All of the above choices are problems in medication treatment.
Q3) Paul Links from Toronto is known for:
A) The use of mindfulness therapy to treat depression
B) Writing a book about his bouts with depression
C) Holding the only research chair on suicide in North America
D) Developing a measure of psychache, the active ingredient in suicidality
Q4) Compare Beck's cognitive theory of depression with the current Learned Helplessness/Hopelessness theories.
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Chapter 9: Psychophysiological Disorders and Health
Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) College students generally enjoy much better health than the rest of the population.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Another term for psychophysiological disorders is
A) Somatoform disorders.
B) Somatization disorders.
C) Psychosomatic disorders.
D) Psychomimetic disorders.
Q3) Alexandra retired and is currently living an apparently comfortable life in a resort area. However, she reports feeling a great deal of stress, frequently worried over events at work from over ten years ago. Her stress response is explained by which theory?
A) Cognitive
B) Somatic-weakness
C) Specific-reaction
D) Psychoanalytic
Q4) The same stressor can be good or bad. How do you determine which one it is? Give an example of a stressor and explain how it could be conceptualized each way.
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Chapter 10: Eating Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cultural influences on eating disorders are suggested by the fact that eating disorders are more common
A) When less emphasis is placed on being thin.
B) Among low socioeconomic groups.
C) Among women who are overweight.
D) In industrialized societies.
Q2) Which of the following items would be found on the "Ineffectiveness" subscale of the Eating Disorders Inventory?
A) I think that my thighs are too large
B) I am preoccupied with the desire to be thinner
C) I have trouble expressing my emotions to others
D) I feel empty inside, emotionally
Q3) The Piran study which takes place at an internationally acclaimed ballet school in Toronto is regarded as one of the most innovative and successful eating disorder preventative interventions. Success is due to the following factors EXCEPT:
A) The study involves attempts to intervene at the systemic level
B) Focuses on short-term evaluation of outcomes
C) Conducted in a high risk-setting
D) There is a participatory focus
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Schizophrenia
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Sample Questions
Q1) In evaluating the validity of the DSM-IV subtypes of schizophrenia, Linscott et al. (2009) found that:
A) There was not a single system of subtyping.
B) The current classification is fairly representative of current diagnosing.
C) More research need to be conducted before appropriate decisions can be made.
D) None of the above.
Q2) Haloperidol (Haldol) is the single best medication for treating schizophrenia.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When a patient no longer meets the full criteria for schizophrenia, but continues to experience some signs of the illness, the most likely diagnosis would be:
A) Undifferentiated schizophrenia
B) Schizophrenia in remission
C) Residual schizophrenia
D) Schizoid personality disorder
Q4) Childhood infections that impact the central nervous system doubles the risk of adult schizophrenia.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Substance-Related Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Investigations of personality factors and substance abuse are often hampered by:
A) Personality factors being highly changeable
B) The longitudinal nature of the research
C) The difficulty tracking down at-risk participants
D) The cross-sectional nature of the research
Q2) _______ lags behind other provinces in terms of smoking cessation.
A) Alberta
B) New Brunswick
C) Ontario
D) Quebec
Q3) Marijuana smoking
A) is associated with respiratory disorders.
B) is known to be safe with no health consequences.
C) enhances immune system functions.
D) has lower tar intake than cigarettes.
Q4) Inhalant use is particularly prominent amongst Aboriginal youth.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which models can help people with alcohol dependence learn how to be occasional drinkers? Are they effective?
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Chapter 13: Personality Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the rationale for including personality disorders in the DSM-5.
Q2) Studies have found that psychopaths had ______ affect-related activity in the ____________brain region
A) less; amygdala-hippocampal
B) more; temporal
C) less; parietal
D) more; limbic system
Q3) A concern with the use of 'cut-off points' in self-report measures to diagnose personality disorders is that they
A) are psychometrically unfeasible.
B) fail to provide a diagnostic category diagnosis.
C) provide over-consistency with structured interview diagnoses.
D) overestimate prevalence.
Q4) Compared to normals, the skin conductance of psychopaths is __________________ when they are confronted with an intense or aversive stimulus.
A) less reactive
B) more reactive
C) equally reactive
D) more reactive only in those who are criminals
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Sexual Disorders and Gender Dysphoria
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Sample Questions
Q1) Athletes Sheldon Kennedy, Theoren Fleury, and R. A. Dickey were all sexually abused as children and were ___________ as adults.
A) Schizophrenic
B) Well-functioning
C) Suicidal
D) Perpetrators of abuse
Q2) What interpretation have Seto and Barbaree (1999) given to the finding that sexual offenders with the most appropriate treatment behaviour are those that are most likely to reoffend?
A) They are more deeply in denial.
B) They lack the ability to generalize gains made in treatment to real life situations.
C) The social skills they learn in treatment may be used to manipulate victims.
D) They are those most adept at dissimulation.
Q3) Historically, the taboo against incest did not apply in:
A) Constantinople
B) Ancient Rome
C) Ancient Egypt
D) Mesopotamia
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Chapter 15: Disorders of Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Autism spectrum disorder encompasses:
A) Asperger's syndrome, autism, and Rett's disorder
B) Asperger's syndrome, autism, and childhood disintegrative disorder
C) Autism, fragile X syndrome, and Rett's disorder
D) Autism, fragile X syndrome, and childhood disintegrative disorder
Q2) Conduct disorder with an early onset in childhood (prior to age 10) is most likely to lead to which adult disorder?
A) Schizophrenia
B) Sadistic personality disorder
C) Antisocial personality disorder
D) Paranoid personality disorder
Q3) How does oppositional defiant disorder (ODd) differ from conduct disorder (CD)?
A) Children with ODD do not exhibit extreme physical aggressiveness
B) Children with ODD do not typically lose their temper
C) Children with ODD will usually comply with requests from adults
D) Children with ODD are not vindictive
Q4) About 1/3 of cases of intellectual disability disorder have unknown etiology.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare the etiology of mental retardation with the etiology of autism.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Aging and Issues in Psychological Disorders
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Q1) Older adults experience insomnia at double the rate of younger people.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Canadian family physicians feel less prepared to identify psychological problems among:
A) Children
B) Adolescents
C) Middle-aged adults
D) Seniors
Q3) Phil is in his 70s and finds that he just can't sleep like he used to. He has trouble falling asleep at night most nights, and wakes up frequently during the night. If Phil is like most people with insomnia, what is he most likely to do about his insomnia?
A) See his doctor for a prescription
B) Talk to a psychologist about the problems that keep him up at night
C) Go to the emergency room in the middle of the night when he can't sleep
D) Nothing
Q4) People over the age of 65 are too old to have sex.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Outcomes And Issues In Psychological Intervention
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Sample Questions
Q1) The earliest treatment manuals were developed:
A) By Freud and his followers.
B) For evaluating outcome of psychodynamic therapy among Neo-Freudians.
C) In evaluating systematic desensitization trials.
D) For cognitive therapy outcome studies.
Q2) Nora is thinking about seeking therapy. She has been feeling pretty depressed for a while, but isn't sure it's severe enough to warrant seeking help. She's also not sure therapy can really help. If she decides to seek help, which client factor mentioned will most likely play a role in her therapy's success (or failure)?
A) Therapist competence
B) Motivation for change
C) Therapy outcome beliefs
D) Client personality
Q3) Desensitization is appropriate to use for all cases of anxiety and fear.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which is more important for therapeutic success - therapist competence or the therapeutic alliance? Describe what each is, and explain why/how one is a better predictor of success.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Q1) Among the variables of the VRAG, which is most correlated with violent recidivism?
A) Failure on prior conditional release
B) Elementary school maladjustment score
C) Alcohol abuse score
D) Revised-psychopathy checklist score
Q2) Which of the following relationships does not typically involve privileged communication?
A) Medical doctor - patient
B) Pastor - confessor
C) Friend - confidante
D) Husband - wife
Q3) Scott Starson has long fought to refuse treatment for his mental disorder. What is the current status of his battle?
A) He is currently a patient on a secure unit at CAMH in Toronto
B) He successfully fought against treatment and is currently free and medication-free
C) He is currently free, but must take medication
D) He died due to complications from his disorder
Q4) How has human research changed in recent years to conform to ethical guidelines?
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