Clinical Pharmacology
Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Clinical Pharmacology focuses on the study of drugs in humans, encompassing the principles of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug interactions, and therapeutic applications. The course examines how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body, as well as the mechanisms by which they exert their effects. It delves into the rationale behind the selection and optimal use of medications, factors influencing individual response to pharmacotherapy, and the evaluation of adverse drug reactions. Emphasis is placed on evidence-based approaches to prescribing and monitoring medications for various diseases, ensuring safe and effective patient care.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology 7th Edition by Marilyn Edmunds
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24 Chapters
575 Verified Questions
575 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Pharmacology and the Nursing Process in LPN Practice
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/22201
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are never administered if prepared by another nurse?
A) Written orders
B) Daily reports
C) Diet selections
D) Medications
Answer: D
Q2) An LVN/LPN works on a very busy 35-bed medical-surgical unit.The RN team leader gives you a syringe with "pain medication" in it and asks the LPN/LVN nurse to administer this medication to a patient.The nurse's first action is which of the following?
A) Assist the team leader by giving the medication as requested for this time only.
B) Administer the medication this time because it is an emergency.
C) Take time and prepare the medication yourself and give as prescribed.
D) You don't have to do anything;it is not your patient.
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Patient Teaching and Health Literacy
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient comes into the clinic and is started on a new antihypertensive medication.In the past,this patient has not been taking his medication on a daily basis as per the drug treatment plan.Which of the following strategies should the nurse use to get him to take the prescribed medication?
A) Tell the patient he needs to follow the plan of care.
B) Tell the patient he will have a stroke if he doesn't take his medication.
C) Discuss with the patient the reasons that he is not taking his medication.
D) Tell the patient he will have to see a doctor to get more medication.
Answer: C
Q2) The nurse talks with a clinic patient by phone and discover she is not taking her medication as she was instructed.The patient was given only verbal instructions in her teaching session.The nurse should now have the patient do which of the following?
A) Listen to the nurse as he or she repeats the instructions by phone.
B) Call every day,and the nurse will repeat the instructions until learned.
C) Return to the clinic to receive other teaching methods.
D) Have a family member take the instructions by phone.
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Legal Aspects Affecting the Administration of Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Enactment of which of the following major federal drug regulations required that new drug products be proven both safe and effective before they could be approved for sale in the U.S.?
A) Federal Food,Drug,and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act),1938
B) Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act (Controlled Substances Act),1970
C) Durham-Humphrey Amendment to the FD&C Act,1951
D) Kefauver-Harris Amendment to the FD&C Act,1962
Answer: D
Q2) A health care provider has written the following order: Mylanta 30 mL PO 30 minutes
ac.The nurse giving this medication should interpret this order to include which of the following? (Select all that apply. )
A) Administer by mouth 30 minutes before meals.
B) Administer by mouth 30 minutes after meals.
C) Administer medication,eat in 30 minutes.
D) Take 30 minutes to eat,then take medication.
Answer: A,C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Foundations and Principles of Pharmacology
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drug metabolites can be excreted from the body in which of the following?
A) Saliva,tears,and blood
B) Urine,feces,and bone marrow
C) Feces,urine,and breast milk
D) Breast milk,blood,and urine
Q2) Which of the following medications is absorbed most rapidly?
A) Subcutaneous insulin
B) Intravenous antibiotic
C) Rectal suppository
D) Sublingual nitroglycerin
Q3) The process by which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration is known as which of the following?
A) Diffusion
B) Osmosis
C) Filtration
D) Solubility
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Chapter 5: Lifespan and Cultural Modifications
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18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse instructs a woman on hormone replacement therapy (HRT)and informs her of the risk for which of the following conditions?
A) Hot flashes
B) Increased calcium deposits
C) Heart attack
D) Weight loss
Q2) Which of the following actions by a breastfeeding mother who takes medication would decrease the amount of the drug the baby receives in breast milk?
A) Always using sustained-release medications
B) Taking medication just before breastfeeding
C) Taking medication in the morning
D) Expressing and discarding milk when feedings are skipped
Q3) Which of the following people would be at the highest risk for drug noncompliance?
A) A 2-year-old in a day care center
B) A 10-year-old receiving antibiotics for an ear infection
C) A 65-year-old on a fixed income taking five different medications
D) A 95-year-old in a long-term care facility
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Therapies, and Drugs for Health Promotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Glucosamine is an herbal product used for persons with which of the following conditions?
A) Severe headaches
B) Menstrual cramping
C) Joint pain
D) Gastric discomfort
Q2) A patient tells the nurse that she is taking St.John's wort and asks the nurse's opinion on herbal products.The nurse knows that this medication has not been tested for its effectiveness and that the patient is most likely taking it for which of the following conditions?
A) Depression
B) Diarrhea
C) High blood cholesterol
D) Cold symptoms
Q3) Effects of calcium on the body include which of the following? (Select all that apply. )
A) Large doses of calcium will not harm the body when taken on a full stomach.
B) Calcium can limit the absorption of iron and other trace elements.
C) Calcium can cause constipation and reduce kidney function.
D) Calcium may prevent bone loss in older men.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Review of Mathematical Principles
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following expresses the fraction 9/10 as a percent?
A) 900%
B) 9%
C) 90%
D) 99%
Q2) Which of the following is the solution to this problem? 3/5 ÷ 1/2 = ___.
A) 6/5
B) 3/7
C) 3/10
D) 1 1/5
Q3) The Roman numeral XLII should be interpreted as which of the following numbers?
A) 492
B) 92
C) 62
D) 42
Q4) Which of the following represents the number 564 as written in Roman numerals?
A) CCIV
B) DMLIV
C) DLXIV
D) MLIV
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Chapter 8: Mathematical Calculations Used in Pharmacology
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If there are 10 grams of medicine in 120 mL of solution,which of the following represents the number of grams in 720 mL?
A) 35 g
B) 50 g
C) 60 g
D) 75 g
Q2) Which of the following represents 180 lb in kilograms (rounded to the nearest tenth)?
A) 90.0 kg
B) 81.8 kg
C) 360 kg
D) 396 kg
Q3) Nurses have to memorize a great deal of information in clinical practice.When trying to memorize all the different units in the apothecary and metric systems,a nurse should do which of the following? (Select all that apply. )
A) Master the familiar units.
B) Learn equivalents in two systems.
C) Memorize all information.
D) Depend on other nurses.
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Chapter 9: Calculating Drug Dosages
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Sample Questions
Q1) Place the following steps in the correct order for performing a dosage calculation.
A)Calculate the dosage.
B)Change the dosages to the same unit of measurement.
C)Use common sense.
D)Reduce to the simplest terms.
Q2) The physician orders Demerol 50 mg IV every 2 hours PRN for pain.The medication comes in a single-dose ampule with 75 mg/mL.Which of the following represents the amount that the nurse will give the patient?
A) 1.5 mL
B) 0.50 mL
C) 0.66 mL
D) 1.2 mL
Q3) Parenteral medications come in different forms.Which of the following are considered parenteral medications? (Select all that apply. )
A) Prefilled syringe
B) Single-dose ampule
C) Multidose vial
D) Bottle volume pack
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Chapter 10: Preparing and Administering Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) When applying a topical nitroglycerin ointment,the nurse will do which of the following?
A) Massage it thoroughly into the skin.
B) Squeeze it onto the applicator paper and place it on the skin.
C) Apply it to the medial aspect of the thigh.
D) Shave the skin prior to application.
Q2) When a patient is experiencing a life-threatening emergency,the nurse may be given an order to administer medication via which of the following routes?
A) IV
B) IM
C) Subcutaneous
D) Rectal
Q3) As part of an antismoking program,nicotine can be administered by which of the following delivery systems?
A) Intravenously
B) Enterally
C) Sublingually
D) Transdermally
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Chapter 11: Allergy and Respiratory Medications
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an important concept to teach patients who take expectorants,antitussives,decongestants,or bronchodilators?
A) These are all over-the-counter medications that must be used with caution.
B) Medication effectiveness will be enhanced with adequate patient hydration of more than 2 quarts of water per day.
C) These preparations frequently cause adverse effects,and the patient should not take them without consulting a physician.
D) Patients may expect to develop fever,swollen lymph nodes,and tightness in the chest when taking these products.
Q2) A patient has had asthma since childhood but is now an active teenager with few symptoms as long as she takes her medication regularly.Lately she reports a lack of appetite,difficulty falling asleep,vague feelings of anxiety,and restlessness.She also notices a little tremor of her hands and feels pounding in her chest.These symptoms may be caused by which of the following?
A) Sympathomimetic drugs
B) Xanthine derivatives
C) Cromolyn sodium
D) Both sympathomimetic and xanthine derivative agents
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Chapter 12: Antiinfective Medications
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27 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 72-year-old patient is being treated for an infected right great toe.In reviewing this patient's history,the nurse has discovered the patient has decreased renal function.Which of the following is correct concerning whether this patient should be started on aminoglycosides?
A) An aminoglycoside should be started,because this antibiotic can be taken with many other drugs.
B) An aminoglycoside should not be started,because this antibiotic is not broad spectrum.
C) An aminoglycoside should be started,because there is less sensitivity with this drug.
D) An aminoglycoside should not be started,because a specific tissue reaction has been identified.
Q2) Treatment for active tuberculosis includes which of the following?
A) Long-term treatment with more than one drug
B) The need to develop drug-resistant organisms
C) Chemoprophylaxis with bacteriostatic medications
D) Chemotherapy in patients at high risk for developing infection
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Chapter
Medications
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Crix belly" is a syndrome characterized by which of the following? (Select all that apply. )
A) Elevated CBCs
B) Elevated triglycerides
C) Elevated cholesterol
D) Fat accumulation
Q2) Antiretroviral agents exert their effect by which of the following means?
A) Boosting the body's T-cell production
B) Producing artificially acquired active immunity
C) Interfering with replication of the retrovirus
D) Lysing the DNA of the host cell
Q3) A patient infected with AIDS tells the nurse that she has been only partially compliant with the medications because of the side effect of nausea.The nurse's best response is which of the following?
A) "When the nausea decreases,you can take the dosage."
B) "You should stop all medicine when nauseated and call your doctor."
C) "You should always take your medicine as prescribed,or it may not be effective."
D) "Didn't you know that nausea is expected with this therapy?"
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Chapter 14: Antineoplastic Medications
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Antioxidants are viewed as helpful in the prevention and treatment of cancer because they have which of the following effects?
A) They stimulate platelet production.
B) They minimize the toxic effects of other antineoplastics.
C) They eliminate free radicals.
D) They alleviate nausea.
Q2) Which of the following terms refers to a medication that interferes with metabolic functions in cells?
A) Antibiotic
B) Alkylating agent
C) Antimetabolite
D) Mitotic inhibitor
Q3) A patient in treatment for multiple myeloma is on Mesnex (ifosfamide).She reports to the nurse that she is having bouts of nausea and has been unable to eat.Which of the following would be the best advice to give her?
A) Take nothing by mouth until this passes.
B) Replace fluid losses right away.
C) Only eat nonsalty foods.
D) Hold ice chips in your mouth.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Cardiovascular and Renal Medications
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The LPN/LVN should have some understanding about fluid and electrolyte balance.Which of the following is a good rule to remember about this concept?
A) Sodium follows potassium,water remains in the cell.
B) Potassium leaves the cell,water remains in the cell.
C) Water remains with potassium in the cell while sodium leaves.
D) Water tends to follow sodium out of the cell.
Q2) The nurse is providing discharge teaching about the use of antihyperlipidemics.The patient must understand that timing is very important.The nurse tells her that other medications should be taken at which of the following times?
A) 30 minutes before taking the antihyperlipidemic
B) 1 hour after taking the antihyperlipidemic
C) Anytime before taking the antihyperlipidemic
D) 4 to 6 hours after taking the antihyperlipidemic
Q3) The nurse will not give an ordered digitalis-type medication if which of the following is true?
A) The patient's head aches.
B) The patient's stool contains blood.
C) The patient's apical rate is less than 60.
D) The patient's apical rate is greater than 100.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Central and Peripheral Nervous System
Medications
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24 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The physician has ordered phenobarbital (Luminal)100 mg three times a day for a patient with seizures.To help the nurse develop an appropriate care plan for this patient,which of the following best describes the action of this drug in the body?
A) It will increase urination for 2 hours after ingestion.
B) It will cause severe thirst and dryness of the mucus membranes.
C) It has a long duration and a sedative effect on the brain.
D) It will lower the seizure threshold.
Q2) Long-term use of dopaminergic drugs often leads to which of the following conditions?
A) Muscle flaccidity
B) Migraine headaches
C) Incontinence
D) Tardive dyskinesia
Q3) Which of the following statements is true regarding benzodiazepines?
A) These drugs are safe to use in pregnancy.
B) These drugs may be habit forming.
C) If a dose is forgotten,double the next dose.
D) Caffeine enhances the effect.
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Chapter 17: Medications for Pain Management and Anesthesia
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient with a head injury should not receive a narcotic agonist for which of the following reasons?
A) The patient will not be able to talk.
B) The drug makes the patient too hyperactive.
C) Addiction is easy at this point.
D) The drug causes a confusing effect.
Q2) The nruse would expect to see which of the following symptoms in a patient who is an abuser of narcotics?
A) An outward show of happiness
B) A complete downward spiral in behavior
C) "Hyper" behavior
D) Constipation
Q3) A patient has been on hydrocodone for 6 months and asks if this medication is addictive.Which of the following would be the nurse's best response?
A) "Dependence may develop."
B) "This is not an addictive narcotic."
C) "All medications are addictive."
D) "Taking food with this medication will help."
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Chapter 18: Anti-inflammatory, Musculoskeletal, and Anti-arthritis Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient comes to the clinic complaining of ringing in her ears.In assessing this patient,the nurse finds out she is taking aspirin 4 times a day,and that sometimes she takes an extra dose to relieve her arthritis pain.The nurse suspects which of the following?
A) This is a normal finding with an extra dose of medication.
B) This is an adverse reaction to the medication.
C) There is nothing to worry about.
D) This is what aspirin is supposed to do.
Q2) When a patient is on aspirin therapy,the nurse should instruct the patient to watch for and report to the physician which of the following symptoms?
A) Increase in appetite
B) Edema in bilateral feet
C) Burning on urination
D) Blood in stools
Q3) Which of the following is the most common complication when taking NSAIDs?
A) GI upset
B) Constipation
C) Fluid overload
D) Headaches
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Gastrointestinal Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) An alcoholic patient comes to the emergency department after drinking a beer.He has complaints of severe diarrhea,nausea,and vomiting.Which of the following drugs would produce this kind of reaction in the patient?
A) Cephulac (Lactulose)
B) Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
C) Disulfiram (Antabuse)
D) Glycerin (Colace)
Q2) A patient comes into the clinic complaining of severe abdominal pain that occurs approximately 45 to 60 minutes after eating.The pain also wakes him up at night.When he eats or drinks some milk,he feels better.When he eats Mexican food or drinks alcohol,it feels worse.The physician plans to order some x-ray films.Before the tests are completed,the physician will probably ask the patient to take which of the following medications?
A) An antiflatulent
B) An anticholinergic
C) An antacid
D) Disulfiram
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Chapter 20: Hematologic Products
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following tests will the nurse evaluate after the physician makes an adjustment in a patient's heparin dose in order to determine the effect of the change?
A) aPTT
B) PT
C) INR
D) DIC panel
Q2) Thrombolytic agents are used in which of the following conditions? (Select all that apply. )
A) Acute pulmonary embolism
B) Ischemic stroke
C) Cellular damage
D) Hypotensive crisis
Q3) Which of the following drugs are used to prevent myocardial infarction in men? (Select all that apply. )
A) Vitamin K (AquaMEPHYTON)
B) Dipyridamole (Persantine)
C) Ticlopidine (Ticlid)
D) Clopidogrel (Plavix)
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Chapter 21: Hormones and Steroids
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient came to the clinic for follow-up care after his last visit.His laboratory tests for serum T and TSH confirm hypothyroidism.The nurse expects that this patient will be started on which of the following medications?
A) Prednisone
B) Hydrocortisone
C) Levothyroxine
D) Danazol
Q2) A newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patient is started on a new drug that comes from incretin hormones.Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1)is used because of which of the following effects?
A) It has the least allergic effect.
B) It is easy to administer.
C) It inhibits glucagon secretion.
D) It slows islet growth.
Q3) Laboratory findings in thyroid disease may include which of the following?
A) Elevated red blood cell count
B) Reduced free T index
C) Decreased TSH
D) Elevated phosphorus
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Immunologic Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is correct concerning vaccines and toxoids? (Select all that apply. )
A) They are biologic agents that produce active immunization.
B) They are biologic agents that produce passive immunization.
C) They are prepared with animal serum.
D) They are considered a blood product.
Q2) A mother has concerns about the immunization scheduled for this clinic visit having adverse effects on her child.Which of the following would be the nurse's best response to the mother?
A) "The doctor wants the child to have the shot."
B) "We will give the injection at the next visit."
C) "More complications are caused by the disease than the immunization."
D) "Side effects are expected,and there is nothing to worry about."
Q3) A child is scheduled for immunizations,but the mother states that his temperature has been 100.2° F all day.The nurse will take which of the following actions?
A) Tell the mother to go home.
B) Give the immunizations.
C) Give a higher dose because of the fever.
D) Tell the mother to wait 1 month.
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Page 24
Chapter 23: Topical Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient comes into the clinic to renew her prescription for her chronic psoriasis condition.She is likely being treated with which of the following?
A) An antipsoriatic
B) A scabicide
C) A pediculicide
D) Steroids
Q2) A young patient comes into the clinic complaining of acne.He is started on Differin.The nurse instructs him to do which of the following?
A) Wash the face and apply gel.
B) Apply gel and do not wash off for 8 hours.
C) Apply gel and use a cold compress.
D) Use gel only no washing is necessary.
Q3) A patient is instructed to take an oral troche by which of the following means?
A) Dissolving it slowly in the mouth
B) Chewing and swallowing it
C) Holding it under the tongue for 1 minute
D) Swallowing it whole with 8 oz of water
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Chapter 24: Vitamins and Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following vitamins turns urine yellow in color?
A) Vitamin B
B) Vitamin B
C) Vitamin B
D) Vitamin B
Q2) Magnesium is found in which of the following foods?
A) Bread
B) Meat
C) Eggs
D) Legumes
Q3) A patient taking a liquid iron preparation must be cautioned to do which of the following?
A) Put the iron preparation in milk.
B) Put the iron preparation over ice.
C) Dilute the iron preparation with water and drink it with a straw.
D) Take the iron preparation with an antacid.
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