Clinical Pediatric Practice for OTA Review Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of clinical pediatric practice for occupational therapy assistants (OTAs), focusing on the development, implementation, and evaluation of intervention strategies for children from infancy through adolescence. Students will learn about common pediatric conditions, assessment tools, and treatment approaches within multiple settings, including hospitals, schools, and community-based environments. Emphasis is placed on family-centered care, interdisciplinary collaboration, and culturally responsive practice, as well as the use of play, adaptive equipment, and evidence-based interventions to support childrens participation in daily activities. Through lectures, case studies, and hands-on experiences, students gain the skills needed to support the unique needs of pediatric clients and their families.
Recommended Textbook
Pediatric Skills for Occupational Therapy Assistants 4th Edition by Jean W. Solomon
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Chapter 1: Scope of Practice
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Q1) Which of the following types of supervision involves direct contact between the occupational therapy assistant (OTA) and occupational therapist at the worksite at least every 2 weeks?
A) Close
B) General
C) Minimal
D) Routine
Answer: D
Q2) The OTA works to improve a child's sitting posture so the child can write more clearly.How is the practitioner viewing occupation?
A) Occupation is the means to strengthen the child's hands.
B) Occupation is the end product-to help the child perform in school.
C) Occupation is not considered in this scenario.
D) Occupation is being used to help the child deal with frustration.
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Family Systems
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Q1) On what does the success of home-based intervention with children with disabilities most depend?
A) The conceptual framework guiding the intervention
B) The degree to which the intervention is supported by research
C) The extent to which the family is involved in its design and implementation
D) The skill of the practitioner in implementing therapy activities with children
Answer: C
Q2) What type of role is the OT practitioner using when developing a schedule for wearing a splint that incorporates the natural family routines?
A) Prescriptive
B) Consultative
C) Adaptive
D) Resourceful
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Medical Systems
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Q1) Which piece of equipment measures the amount of oxygen found in the blood?
A) Apnea monitor
B) Feeding tubes
C) Pulse oximeter
D) Ultraviolet lights
Answer: C
Q2) Which statement best reflects the role of the OT practitioner in working in the NICU?
A) Assist nursing in medical care of infant and record weights.
B) Address positioning for function, range of motion, and age-related motor and sensory development.
C) Collaborate with parents on care of infant upon discharge.
D) Provide lactation consultation as needed.
Answer: B
Q3) Which medical team member specializes in lung development?
A) Cardiologist
B) Gastroenterologist
C) Pulmonologist
D) Neurologist
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Educational Systems
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Q1) Which strategy is recommended for working with parents?
A) Ask parents for their concerns and input about their child.
B) Do not ask for advice from them.
C) Provide parents with a long list of problems.
D) Wait until the evaluation to speak to them about their concerns.
Q2) Which act encourages OT practitioners to work with children in their classroom environment and provide support to the regular education teacher?
A) PL 94-142.
B) Americans with Disabilities Act.
C) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act-revised.
D) No Child Left Behind.
Q3) What type of service is the COTA providing by training the teacher to work on the handwriting skills of an 8-year-old student with coordination difficulties?
A) Direct service
B) Monitoring
C) Consultation
D) Assistance
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Chapter 5: Community Systems
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Q1) What is it called when the practitioner is able to remember certain traditions and practices and use them in intervention sessions?
A) Cultural awareness
B) Cultural desire
C) Cultural skill
D) Cultural encounter
Q2) The occupational therapist received a referral to evaluate a child.Which is not considered in the definition of clients by the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF)?
A) Physician who referred child
B) Social environment
C) Family of the child
D) Child himself
Q3) Which of the following is the definition of health in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO)?
A) Absence of disease and deformity
B) Absence of infirmity
C) State of well-being
D) All of the above
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Principles of Normal Development
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Q1) Which statement is not a basic principle of developmental theory?
A) Development is sequential and predictable.
B) Maturation and experience affect development.
C) Development involves changes in biological, psychological, and social systems.
D) Controlled sensory input can assist a child in organizing the central nervous system.
Q2) Which period is characterized by rapid growth, spending much time in educational settings, and shifting of the child's major influences from parents to peers?
A) Infancy
B) Early childhood
C) Middle childhood
D) Adolescence
Q3) Which of the following statements is true about typical development?
A) It occurs naturally.
B) It is a biomechanical process.
C) It is unpredictable and spontaneous.
D) The rate remains the same for all children.
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Chapter 7: Development of Performance Skills
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Q1) Which statement describes the vision of newborns?
A) Newborns are able to distinguish between a picture of a face and a real face.
B) Newborns are not able to see at birth.
C) Newborns can see objects from about 8 inches away.
D) Newborns show a preference for patterns and can distinguish between colors.
Q2) Which reflex does not disappear at 4 months?
A) Rooting reflex
B) Palmar grasp
C) Landau
D) Moro
Q3) Children in middle childhood experience a growth in vocabulary and language, in part due to the focus on reading.This is evident in children's ability to use all of the following except
A) puns and figures of speech.
B) jokes based on words with double meanings.
C) secret languages with their friends.
D) abstract language such as debating.
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9
Chapter 8: Development of Occupations
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Q1) What factor(s) influences a child's participation in home management activities?
A) Age
B) Social environment
C) Culture
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above
Q2) Which scale provides a measurement of the child's approach or attitude toward play?
A) Preschool Play Scale
B) Test of Playfulness
C) Takata Play History
D) Reilly's stages
Q3) Which set of terms best describes the readiness skills required for setting the table?
A) Sequencing, balance, dexterity, and strength.
B) Money management, balance, and timing.
C) Communication, promptness, and appropriate dress.
D) Endurance, communication, money management, and writing.
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Chapter 9: Adolescent Development: Becoming an Adult
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Q1) Which strategy is not suggested when working with adolescents with cognitive impairments?
A) Give specific feedback with concrete examples.
B) Be consistent and use repetition.
C) Select activities that match the teen's abilities.
D) Present multiple instructions at a time.
Q2) Sixteen-year-old Cindy has decided to go to college to become a veterinarian.She is working in the summer to raise money for tuition.What term most closely describes this?
A) Identity achievement
B) Identity diffusion
C) Identity formation
D) Moratorium
Q3) Which statement refers to self-efficacy?
A) View of one's body.
B) View of one's physical performance.
C) View of one's strengths and weaknesses.
D) View of how others see one.
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11
Chapter 10: The Occupational Therapy Process
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Q1) To what does the term intervention refer?
A) Therapy sessions to facilitate goals.
B) Progress reports, billing records, and client profile.
C) The evaluation, treatment plan, intervention, and discharge plan.
D) The plan of care.
Q2) Which statement best describes purposeful activity?
A) A person involved in purposeful activities is more concerned with the process required to complete the activities.
B) Purposeful activities are prescribed based on analysis of their inherent characteristics.
C) Purposeful activity requires active participation from the client.
D) Purposeful activities are deemed by the OT practitioner to be critically important to skill development.
Q3) Which frame of reference targets the child's range of motion, strength, and endurance for occupations?
A) Biomechanical
B) Developmental
C) Motor control
D) Sensory integration
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12
Chapter 11: Anatomy and Physiology for the Pediatric
Practitioner
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Q1) Which statement describes the autonomic nervous system?
A) It consists of the brain and spinal cord.
B) It consists of a network of peripheral nerves.
C) It consists of the "fight-or-flight" and "rest-and-digest" nerves.
D) It controls movement only.
Q2) Which circuit allows transport and exchange between the heart and lungs?
A) Pulmonary
B) Systemic
C) Coronary
D) All of the above
Q3) What is the purpose of the endocrine system?
A) Breaks down waste products.
B) Secretes hormones that travel to target cells.
C) Transports hormones to the body.
D) Fights diseases and disorders.
Q4) What is homeostasis?
A) Balancing water and electrolytes.
B) Maintaining a steady heart rate and blood pressure.
C) Maintaining a stable internal body temperature.
D) Creating an external barrier to microbes.
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Chapter 12: Neuroscience for the Pediatric Practitioner
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Q1) A child who shows difficulty controlling the speed and accuracy of his or her movements and shows inaccurate reach and grasp is showing difficulty with what area of the brain?
A) Brainstem
B) Cerebellum
C) Cerebrum
D) Peripheral nervous system
Q2) How does a child with neurological damage (i.e., cerebral palsy) learn to do things with his peers?
A) Repetition of task
B) Passive movement
C) Active repetition
D) A and C
E) All of the above
Q3) Which statement reflects what occurs in therapy in regard to neurons?
A) Brain neurons do not change over time.
B) Damaged neurons can be repaired.
C) Destroyed neurons are replaced with new ones.
D) Neurons gain new synapses.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Pediatric Health Conditions
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Q1) Karen, the Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA), is concerned that Tom fell off the balance beam while in OT.He complained of pain, and Karen noticed some swelling and tenderness on his ankle.What is the most likely diagnosis for this injury?
A) Contusion
B) Crush injury
C) Dislocation
D) Sprain
Q2) What must the OT practitioner never do when a child is having a seizure?
A) Turn the child's head to the side in case she or he vomits.
B) Put a finger in the child's mouth.
C) Remove dangerous objects around her or him.
D) Put something soft under her or his head.
Q3) Why is it important for a COTA to understand the problems commonly associated with a specific diagnosis?
A) To know what to expect when seeing the child for the first time.
B) To prepare for the initial evaluation.
C) To be a more valuable member of the treatment team.
D) All of the above.
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Chapter 14: Childhood and Adolescent Psychosocial and Mental Health Disorders
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Q1) Which of the following is an appropriate OT intervention for conduct disorder?
A) Assist the child in channeling energy into appropriate activities.
B) Clearly define acceptable behaviors.
C) Reinforce appropriate behaviors.
D) All of the above are appropriate interventions.
Q2) Susan, a 12-year-old girl, refuses to go to her new school.She is irritable and angry, and she complains of headaches every morning.Susan perspires and feels restless each morning.She is unable to sleep because she worries about the next day at school.What do these symptoms represent?
A) Normal reactions to new situations
B) Phobic anxiety disorder
C) Separation anxiety
D) Generalized anxiety disorder
Q3) Which of the following statements is true about Tourette's disorder?
A) Tics increase during activities that require a lot of concentration.
B) Coprolalia is the vocal tic of repeating others' words.
C) The disorder improves in adolescence and adulthood.
D) Tics increase during sleep.
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Chapter 15: Childhood and Adolescent Obesity
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Q1) Into what category do children with Down syndrome who develop obesity fall?
A) Obesity due to genetic or metabolic disorders
B) Obesity due to developmental or congenital disorders
C) Obesity as a primary disorder
D) Obesity due to chronic health disorder
Q2) What is not considered a core value to a program to prevent childhood obesity?
A) Social participation
B) Health education
C) Moderate to high physical activity
D) Including only obese children
Q3) Which factor is not associated with childhood obesity?
A) Quality of diet
B) Level of physical activity
C) Family history of obesity
D) Living in a ranch house
Q4) What is the BMI based on?
A) Height, weight, age, and gender
B) Height, age, and grade
C) Height, weight, and body fat
D) Height, body fat measures, and grade
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Chapter 16: Intellectual Disabilities
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Q1) Smith is 36 months old, but his score on a performance assessment placed him at 24 months.What is his estimated IQ?
A) 50
B) 67
C) 100
D) 115
Q2) In which category of intellectual disability does a child's IQ test result of 60 place him or her?
A) Mild
B) Moderate
C) Severe
D) Profound
Q3) What term describes causes of intellectual disability present before a child is born?
A) Acquired
B) Perinatal
C) Postnatal
D) Prenatal
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Cerebral Palsy
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Q1) What are children with cerebral palsy whose muscles appear very weak and soft and who have trouble sitting up independently exhibiting?
A) Co-contraction
B) Hypertonia
C) Fixation
D) Hypotonia
Q2) Why do occupational therapy practitioners use positioning and handling techniques for children with cerebral palsy?
A) Maintain postural alignment.
B) Facilitate improved movement patterns.
C) Facilitate performance of activities of daily living.
D) Both A and C.
E) All of the above.
Q3) What is the role of orthoses for children who have cerebral palsy?
A) Improve range of motion
B) Improve overall function
C) Decrease muscle tone
D) Decrease pain
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Chapter 18: Positioning and Handling: A
Neurodevelopmental Approach
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Q1) What does prone position facilitate in infants?
A) Hand strength and neck and trunk extension
B) Elbow extension and neck flexion
C) Trunk flexion, leg strength, and abdominal strength
D) Trunk extension and leg and hand strength
Q2) The COTA positions her palm on the child's abdomen and back in an effort to help the child move from upright sitting to quadruped.What is the term used for what the practitioner is doing?
A) Handling
B) Intervention
C) Positioning
D) Weight bearing
Q3) The Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA) observes a 6-year-old child with cerebral palsy and high muscle tone using a W-sitting position on the floor at all times.What does this observation suggest about the child?
A) He is developing normally.
B) He is using a compensatory position to establish stability.
C) He is using a position considered normal for an older child.
D) He is using a compensatory position to establish mobility.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Activities of Daily Living and Sleeprest
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Q1) What can an OT practitioner do to encourage sleep and rest patterns in children?
A) Design a sensory diet.
B) Dictate a sleep schedule.
C) Nothing can be done; this is not an OT issue.
D) Prescribe herbal supplements.
Q2) Which technique is not used to promote swallowing in children?
A) Position the child in a semi-reclined position.
B) Provide a calm setting.
C) Use vibration and quick stroking about lip.
D) Work quickly with the child.
Q3) What term is used to describe a parent calming his or her child or two siblings working to clean their room?
A) Family-centered care
B) Co-occupation
C) Multidisciplinary
D) Behavior modification
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Chapter 20: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
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Q1) The occupational therapy (OT) practitioner works closely with a teen, and they set realistic goals for an upcoming project.The practitioner helps the teen manage her time and asks the teen to assess how she is progressing at each session.What intervention strategy is the practitioner using?
A) Deficit-specific training
B) Meta-cognitive training
C) Social skill training
D) Task-specific training
Q2) Terry is a 14-year-old girl who can never find her papers and does not know where to put her school supplies.She loses assignments in her backpack.With what executive function is she experiencing difficulty?
A) Emotional control
B) Organization of materials
C) Self-monitoring
D) Working memory
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22
Chapter 21: Play and Playfulness
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Q1) Terry, the Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA), plays "Simon Says" with Julie and asks her to raise her hands high above her head and to the sides.On which motor goal is she working?
A) Increasing endurance.
B) Increasing upper extremity strength.
C) Increasing range of motion in the upper extremities.
D) Increasing fine motor skills.
Q2) Which characteristic of an OT practitioner promotes play in children?
A) Be serious.
B) Keep activities the same from session to session.
C) Insist that children use toys only in standard ways.
D) Try out silly things and have fun.
Q3) Which standardized assessment provides practitioners with an age-equivalent core of play skills?
A) Knox Preschool Play Scale
B) Test of Playfulness (ToP)
C) Takata's Play History
D) Transdisciplinary Play-Based Assessment
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23
Chapter 22: Functional Task at School: Handwriting
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Q1) What type of learner benefits from role playing and feeling the letters?
A) Auditory
B) Visual
C) Kinesthetic or tactile
D) Perceptual
Q2) Which statement is true of repetitive rote writing of spelling words for children with handwriting difficulties?
A) This will help the child learn the words.
B) This does not improve the child's knowledge.
C) This will help the child's handwriting.
D) This is an excellent OT intervention.
Q3) The OT practitioner provided John with a variety of drawing activities that were fun and promoted hand skill, especially hand strengthening.These activities required that John manipulate a variety of materials (e.g., Play-Doh, clay, and sand sculptures).What frame of reference was the practitioner using?
A) Biomechanical
B) Developmental
C) Educational
D) Sensory
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Page 24
Chapter 23: Therapeutic Media: Activity With Purpose
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Q1) Grace is a 9-year-old girl who is unable to raise her right arm over her head and complains of pain.According to these observations, with what area is she having difficulty?
A) Endurance
B) Muscle tone
C) Range of motion (ROM)
D) Strength
Q2) Tim, a Certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA), is working to promote Kevin's poor grip strength and postural control.Kevin is unable to stand for extended periods.What aspects is Tim targeting?
A) Activity demands
B) Client factors
C) Context
D) Performance patterns
Q3) What term describes examining the features, characteristics, and qualities of activities?
A) Activity analysis
B) Occupational analysis
C) Role history
D) Task analysis
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Chapter 24: Motor Control and Motor Learning
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Q1) What type of practice includes having a child placing coins in a slot, resting briefly, and repeating the same activity again?
A) Blocked
B) Distributed
C) Transfer of learning
D) Variable
Q2) Which statement is true concerning part practice?
A) Part practice may be preferable with complex skills.
B) Part practice is always preferred over whole practice.
C) Part practice is best when the sequence varies.
D) The learner should not receive assistance with part practice.
Q3) Which statement is true concerning how knowledge of performance (KP) facilitates motor learning?
A) KP should be given 100% of the time.
B) KP should be provided the next day.
C) Prescriptive KP is more helpful than descriptive KP in the early stages of learning.
D) KP error information is not helpful.
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26
Chapter 25: Sensory Processingintegration and Occupation
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Q1) Which activity would best work on Stewart's poor shoulder co-contraction and endurance?
A) Walking on a balance beam
B) Spinning in a net
C) Playing "Simon Says"
D) Wheelbarrow walking
Q2) What is thought to be the cause of SI dysfunction?
A) Blindness or deafness
B) Traumatic brain injury
C) Central nervous system (CNS) processing dysfunction
D) Genetic abnormality
Q3) During a sensory integration session, Ryan, a 10-year-old boy, suddenly becomes quiet, forgets the object to the swinging game he is playing, and stops playing.What do these behaviors suggest?
A) Ryan is processing vestibular input accurately.
B) Ryan has attention deficit disorder.
C) Ryan is showing signs of sensory shutdown behaviors.
D) Ryan needs more sensory stimulation.
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Chapter 26: Applying the Model of Human Occupation to
Pediatric Practice
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Q1) What is the subconcept of volition that describes a child who uses internalized convictions and some sense of obligation to determine the choice of activity engagement?
A) Interests
B) Personal causation
C) Values
D) Self-efficacy
Q2) A therapist begins intervention with a child who does not like any of the activities that the therapists selects for him to do.Each treatment session, the child walks to a corner, crosses his arms, and will not do anything that the therapist has planned.The therapist asks the child's mother what he likes to do.On finding out the child likes elephants, the therapist incorporates them into the activities in the treatment session.The therapist allows the child to select from two activities, both of which the child has been mildly successful in completing.Which step in the volitional process is the therapist trying to impact through this change of approach to intervention?
A) Making choices
B) Anticipation
C) Experience
D) Interpretation
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Chapter 27: Assistive Technology
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Q1) Which of the following is not considered a low-technology mobility aid?
A) Wheelchair
B) Scooter
C) Cane
D) Walker
Q2) Which of the following is an example of a low-technology device?
A) Pencil grip
B) Environmental control unit (ECU)
C) Powered wheelchair
D) Laptop computer
Q3) Which of the following is not a mode of transmission for an ECU?
A) Ultrasound
B) Infrared
C) Radiofrequency
D) Satellite
Q4) Which of the following is not a disadvantage of a power wheelchair?
A) Weight
B) Portability
C) Maintenance
D) Speed
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Chapter 28: Orthoses, Orthotic Fabrication, and Elastic
Therapeutic Taping for the Pediatric Population
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Q1) Which type of orthosis is used to apply adjustable static force?
A) Static orthosis
B) Dynamic orthosis
C) Static progressive orthosis
D) Resting hand orthosis
Q2) What is the reason to fabricate an orthosis for a deformity?
A) To immobilize the injury to prevent further damage.
B) To allow the client to move the extremity without pain.
C) To cover any external signs of the injury.
D) To attempt to realign the deformity.
Q3) Which statement is not a goal of orthotic fabrication?
A) Alleviate pain
B) Enhance function
C) Prevent deformity
D) Shorten soft tissue structures
Q4) Which factor is not considered when fabricating an orthosis for a child?
A) Swelling
B) Compliance
C) Sensory factors
D) Time before lunch
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Chapter 29: Animal-Assisted Activities and Therapy
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Q1) The COTA designed an activity of digging through the dirt to find insects.What client factor is the OT practitioner most likely targeting with this activity?
A) Balance
B) Gross motor skills
C) Tactile discrimination
D) Timing and sequencing
Q2) Karli, a 7-year-old girl, lives on a farm, where she is responsible for feeding the chickens, dogs, and cats.Karli is currently in the hospital after a burn accident.Which activity will Karli most likely enjoy and help her grasp with her burned right hand?
A) Caring for the hospital fish and cats.
B) Reading about life on the farm.
C) Watching videos about farm life.
D) Walking on the treadmill in the OT clinic.
Q3) What is the role of animals in OT practice?
A) Animals should not be allowed in the clinic.
B) Animals may help clients reach their goals.
C) Pet care is considered a social work goal.
D) OT practitioners must be trained to care for animals.
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