Course Introduction
Clinical Nutrition
Test Questions
Clinical Nutrition focuses on the role of nutrition in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of disease. This course examines the physiological and biochemical foundations of nutrient metabolism in the context of various medical conditions, including metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and others. Students gain practical skills in nutritional assessment, diet planning, and the application of evidence-based strategies in clinical settings. Through case studies and current research, the course also explores the collaboration between dietitians and healthcare teams to optimize patient outcomes.
Recommended Textbook
Advanced Nutrition and Human Metaboli 7th Edition Sareen S. Gropper
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
14 Chapters
1263 Verified Questions
1263 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1186
Page 2
Chapter 1: The Cell: A Microcosm of Life
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23530
Sample Questions
Q1) Which organelle is composed of an extensive network of membranous channels that connects the nuclear membrane,the Golgi apparatus,and the plasma membrane?
A)the lysosome
B)the nucleolus
C)the centrioles
D)the endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: D
Q2) Which are highly specialized membrane proteins that modify the cell's response to its environment?
A)transport proteins
B)enzymes
C)receptors
D)peroxisomes
Answer: A
Q3) The plasma membrane is a sheet-like structure composed solely of lipids.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
3
Chapter 2: The Digestive System: Mechanism for Nourishing the Body
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23531
Sample Questions
Q1) Which glycoproteins bind water and are gel-forming?
A)mucins
B)proteoglycans
C)prostaglandins
D)zymogens
Answer: A
Q2) Secretin stimulates gastric emptying.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The fundus of the stomach lies below the gastroesophageal sphincter.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) What is the name of the digestive enzyme in saliva that digests starch?
A)lipase
B)synthetase
C)amylase
D)lactase
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: Carbohydrates
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23532
Sample Questions
Q1) Following a meal containing carbohydrates,glucose enters the bloodstream and increases the circulating blood glucose concentration.Describe the changes in the levels of hormonal regulators (insulin,glucagon,and cortisol)in response to this high glucose concentration and their major functions in lowering glucose levels in the bloodstream back to normal.
Answer: Grading rubric - answer should include the following items:?Following a meal,circulating blood glucose increases,triggering insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas.Insulin then interacts with the insulin receptors on the muscle cells and adipocytes to start an intracellular cascade that moves GLUT4 transporters to the cell membrane and allows blood glucose to enter the largest tissues in the body (muscle and fat).Other tissues also take up glucose via GLUT transporters that do not require the influence of insulin.Blood glucose quickly returns to normal levels.As the next meal approaches,blood glucose begins to decrease,which triggers release of glucagon from the alpha cells of the pancreas.Glucagon acts on liver cells to stimulate glycogenolysis and the liver releases stored glucose to keep blood glucose levels normal.Similarly,low blood glucose levels stimulate the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex and cortisol supports the stimulation of gluconeogenesis,which also contributes to raising low blood glucose levels toward normal.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 5
Chapter 4: Fiber
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23533
Sample Questions
Q1) Heating and enzymatically treating starch creates ____.
A)chitin
B)lignins
C)resistant dextrins
D)mucilages
Q2) The two main compounds in the flavonol subclass are ____.
A)quercetin and kaempferol
B)apigenin and luteolin
C)hesperetin and naringenin
D)genistein and equol
Q3) constipation
A)viscous,gel-forming fibers improve glycemic control
B)non or less fermentable fibers increase fecal bulk
C)fiber-rich foods and hormones such as ghrelin,peptide YY and cholecystokinin modulate appetite
D)viscous,gel-forming fibers lower total and LDL cholesterol
E)fiber reduces bile concentration,dilutes intestinal contents,and reduces colonic transit time
Q4) Discuss three health claims relating to fiber that have been approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration.
Page 6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Lipids
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23534
Sample Questions
Q1) In response to excess dietary carbohydrate and chylomicron remnants,which substances does the liver synthesize to transport triacylglycerol?
A)chylomicrons
B)VLDLs
C)LDLs
D)HDLs
Q2) Carbon-carbon double bonds in the trans form ____.
A)result in a kinking of the fatty acid into a U-shape
B)extend the fatty acid into a linear shape
C)are required to create saturated fatty acids
D)are the hallmark of essential fatty acids
Q3) The key organ in clearing (i.e.,breaking down)lipoproteins is the liver.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Ketogenesis would be the HIGHEST ____.
A)after a high-CHO meal
B)after a high-protein meal
C)after a high-fat meal
D)during prolonged starvation
Q5) Explain how the HMG-CoA reductase regulates cholesterol synthesis.
Page 7
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 6: Protein
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23535
Sample Questions
Q1) Stimulation of phagocytosis and activation of complement proteins are functions of
A)C-reactive protein
B)orosomucoid
C)serum amyloid A
D)fibrinogen
Q2) An intracellular deficiency of protease will interfere with ____.
A)protein degradation
B)alcohol metabolism
C)autophagy
D)glycogenolysis
Q3) Which two substances promote amino acid degradation?
A)acetyl-CoA and dihydroxy acetone phosphate
B)insulin and glucagon
C)glucocorticoids and glucagon
D)acetoacetate and acetaldehyde
Q4) Under fasting conditions,one would expect to find large amounts of free ammonia in the bloodstream due to the breakdown of amino acids for energy.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 7: Integration and Regulation of Metabolism and the Impact of Exercise
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23536
Sample Questions
Q1) Fatty acids with an even number of carbons are degraded exclusively into ____.
A)glucose
B)fructose
C)acetyl-CoA
D)triacylglycerols
Q2) Training enhances utilization of fat as the primary energy substrate during submaximal exercise due to ____.
A)enhanced activity of glycolytic enzymes
B)fatty acid oxidation inhibiting glucose uptake and glycolysis
C)enhanced glucose uptake
D)decreased carnitine acyltransferase
Q3) Pick <b>two </b>(2)of the examples from question 3 and indicate specifically how the signal you indicated in your answer is altering the pathway listed.For each example,write a one-sentence answer that includes the condition,the signals,the mechanism,the protein/enzyme,the tissue,and the result (all underlined in the example below).
<b>Example</b>: Under fed conditions,high blood glucose leads to insulin secretion by the pancreas,which in turn induces expression of the key glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase in all cells,thereby increasing glycolysis.
Page 9
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, and Healthy Weight
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23537
Sample Questions
Q1) BMI
A)resting metabolic rate in kcal/day
B)appropriateness of an individual's weight for height
C)ideal body weight for height
D)improves the accuracy of RMR measurements in people with excess body fat
E)appropriate body weight target when reducing body fat to a lower level
Q2) The density of body fat is about 0.9g/mL.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which RQ would not be possible for an ordinary mixed diet of carbohydrate,protein,and fat?
A)0.85
B)0.80
C)0.75
D)0.15
Q4) Quantifying the energy expenditure of physical activity requires measuring ____.
A)RMR (BMR)
B)RQ
C)thermal effect of food
D)thermoneutrality
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Water-Soluble Vitamins
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23538
Sample Questions
Q1) Most thiamin in the American diet comes from products that have been enriched.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Methylation of DNA influences gene expression.Which vitamin is important in this process?
A)niacin
B)folate
C)pantothenic acid
D)riboflavin
Q3) Tetrahydrofolate is vitally important for dividing cells during growth and cancer and knowledge of this need is used in cancer treatment by giving the drug methotrexate to inhibit the enzyme ____.
A)folylpolyglutamate synthetase
B)dihydrofolate reductase
C)formimino glutamate
D)conjugase
Q4) Impaired folding and secretion of proteins have been observed with thiamin deficiency.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23539
Sample Questions
Q1) What happens to retinal in the enterocyte?
A)It is esterified.
B)It is reduced to retinol.
C)It is transported into the portal blood.
D)15, 15' dioxygenase acts to form beta-carotene.
Q2) Which substance accounts for almost half of the antioxidant capacity of human plasma?
A)albumin
B)uric acid
C)citric acid
D)carbonic acid
Q3) How does alpha-tocopherol differ from beta-tocopherol?
A)saturation of side chain
B)number and location of methyl groups
C)source in the diet
D)ionic versus covalent bonding
Q4) A good source of vitamin D is milk,because it is fortified with 1,25-(OH) -vitamin D .
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Major Minerals
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23540
Sample Questions
Q1) phosphorus
A)neuromuscular hyperexcitability,and CNS effects
B)rickets,osteoporosis,tetany
C)osteomalacia,neuromuscular,cardiac,and hematologic manifestations
D)a deficiency of methionine or cysteine,both containing this element,that might lead to alkalosis
E)affects oxygen carrying capacity
Q2) Calcium is the most abundant divalent cation in the body.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe the mechanism for paracellular absorption of calcium.
Q4) Calcium absorption occurs in the large intestine.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How is calcium status assessed?
Q6) Describe the process by which serum calcium concentrations increase in response to the removal of ionized calcium from the blood.
Q7) Explain the rationale for a common treatment of hyperphosphatemia associated with chronic kidney failure.
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: Water and Electrolytes
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23541
Sample Questions
Q1) Significant loss of what mineral occurs when one exercises vigorously while the temperature is high?
A)sulphur
B)phosphorus
C)sodium
D)potassium
Q2) Colloid osmotic pressure attracts water into the plasma and is mainly due to ____.
A)large protein molecules
B)the pumping of the heart
C)sodium ions
D)chloride ions
Q3) What is the normal serum sodium concentration? Why are serum sodium concentrations indicative of fluid balance?
Q4) Which mineral serves as the major intracellular fluid cation?
A)calcium
B)chloride
C)sodium
D)potassium
Q5) A chloride deficiency might lead to problems in which systems? Give details.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23542
Sample Questions
Q1) copper
A)superoxide dismutase and brain and CNS function
B)myeloperoxidase and amino acid metabolism
C)carbonic anhydrase and sexual maturation
D)dopamine monooxygenase and synthesis of neurotransmitters
E)glutathione peroxidase and protection from oxidant damage
Q2) What genetic disorder causes copper toxicity?
A)hemochromatosis
B)Keshan disease
C)Menkes disease
D)Wilson's disease
Q3) selenium
A)superoxide dismutase and brain and CNS function
B)myeloperoxidase and amino acid metabolism
C)carbonic anhydrase and sexual maturation
D)dopamine monooxygenase and synthesis of neurotransmitters
E)glutathione peroxidase and protection from oxidant damage
Q4) Trace minerals are required by the body in amounts of less than 1 mg/day.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 14: Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23543
Sample Questions
Q1) Boron may alter the ability of some hormones to exert their effects on target cells.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe the pharmacological effects of vanadium.
Q3) silicon
A)reduction in dental caries
B)methyl group use
C)bone development,immune system function,and brain function
D)connective tissue and bone formation
E)mimicking insulin
Q4) Abdominal pain,vomiting,diarrhea,muscle cramping numbness and tingling in the extremities,and liver damage are associated with acute toxicity from ____.
A)arsenic
B)vanadium
C)silicon
D)boron
Q5) Table salt may contain silicon to prevent caking in damp weather.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16