Clinical Neuroscience
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Clinical Neuroscience explores the relationship between the nervous system and various neurological and psychiatric disorders. This course covers the neurobiological basis of diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, emphasizing both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Students will examine case studies involving stroke, epilepsy, dementia, movement disorders, and mood disorders, integrating principles from neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and pharmacology. The course aims to provide an understanding of how disruptions in neural function manifest clinically, preparing students for further clinical or research pursuits in neuroscience and allied health fields.
Recommended Textbook
Brain and Behavior An Introduction to Biological Psychology 3rd Edition by Bob L. Garrett
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15 Chapters
2650 Verified Questions
2650 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: What is Biopsychology?
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) About what percentage of the genes in any two people are identical?
A)Approximately 75%
B)25% or less
C)Over 99%
D)Approximately 50%,depending on race
Answer: C
Q2) Of the psychological characteristics examined for their genetic basis,probably the most studied has been personality.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Psychologists use the term behavior to refer to:
A) Overt acts
B)Learning
C)Emotions
D)All of the above
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Communication Within the Nervous System
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244 Verified Questions
244 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Partial depolarizations die out over a short distance;these depolarizations are known as:
A)Small scale potentials
B)Micro potentials
C)Graded potentials
D)Nano potentials
Answer: C
Q2) Various toxins from snakes,scorpions,and fish are called ___ because of their sites of action.
A)neural blockers
B)neuroantagonists
C)neurotoxins
D)nociceptors
Answer: C
Q3) An antagonist for opiates is:
A)Curare
B)Tetanus
C)Nicotine
D)Naloxone
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: The Organization and Functions of the Nervous System
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168 Verified Questions
168 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was the result of blocking Nogo-A in monkeys with surgically induced spinal cord damage?
A)There was no change in any motor function.
B)Monkeys recovered 80% of the use of their paralyzed hand.
C)The non-paralyzed hand became more functional,but no changes were observed in the paralyzed hand.
D) Reversal of paralysis occurred in 50% of the monkeys in the study.
Answer: B
Q2) Reorganization after neural injury is similar to the synaptic changes that take place during learning.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The sympathetic nervous system ___ the body while the parasympathetic nervous system ___ the body.
A)regulates,tones
B)tones,regulates
C)slows,activates
D)activates,slows
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: The Methods and Ethics of Research
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some researchers generally assume if a procedure is psychologically or physically risky,it is more ethical to do such research on animals than on humans.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Identify three approaches that are used to identify whether a trait or disorder has a genetic component.In your opinion,which approach is the most effective for sorting out the contributions of nature vs.nurture,and why?
Q3) Which of the following has been attributed to more extreme animal rights activists?
A)Death threats to researchers and car bombings
B)Release of laboratory animals
C)Destruction of laboratory equipment and records
D)All of the above
Q4) Immunocytochemistry uses radioactive antibodies,which will block messenger RNA.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Correlations range in value from 1.0 to -1.0.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Drugs, Addiction, and Reward
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Withdrawal symptoms:
A)Are due to mechanisms separate from the mechanisms of addiction
B)Can be artificially produced by electrically stimulating the VTA
C)Can be terminated by administration of an antagonist
D)Are modulated through the cerebellum
Q2) MDMA:
A)Was developed as an anesthetic
B)Stimulates the release of dopamine and serotonin
C)Causes dramatic negative effects on cognition,especially memory
D)Is also called angel dust
Q3) Which of the following has a reputation as a date rape drug?
A)Valium
B)Halcion
C)Rohypnol
D)Xanax
Q4) Type 2 alcoholics:
A)Are late-onset alcoholics
B)Are cautious and emotionally dependent
C)Feel guilty about overindulging
D)Are almost always male
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Chapter 6: Motivation and the Regulation of Internal States
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189 Verified Questions
189 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When feeling depressed,eating a quart of "Chunky Monkey" ice cream might lift your spirits because:
A)It increases serotonin levels
B)It decreases serotonin levels
C)It inhibits neuropeptide Y
D)None of the above
Q2) Which of the following is most consistent with drive theory?
A)Once we reach homeostasis we are happy and content.
B)We can never reach homeostasis with all drives at any one time.
C)Humans can be motivated by external stimuli as well as internal.
D)None of the above is true.
Q3) If you are forced to move to Nome,Alaska,you will find yourself colder more often,and therefore need to eat more food to maintain your body temperature.As a result,which of the following will also go up?
A)Your weight
B)Your basal metabolism
C)Your ghrelin levels
D)Your CCK levels
Q4) Describe the two phases of the feeding cycle.
Q5) How does taste relate to the nutritional content (or safety)of food?
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Chapter 7: The Biology of Sex and Gender
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197 Verified Questions
197 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An important difference between the organizing and activating effects of hormones is that organizing effects:
A)Are temporary
B)Are usually but not always reversible
C)Occur only after puberty
D)Mainly occur prenatally or shortly after birth
Q2) Which hormone may be linked to enhanced spatial skills?
A)Testosterone
B)Estrogen
C)Progesterone
D)Dihydrotestosterone
Q3) Androgen insensitivity syndrome individuals frequently appear as female professional wrestlers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Increases in testosterone may be the result of sexual activity rather than the cause.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Give evidence that shows testosterone plays a role in female sexual behavior.
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Chapter 8: Emotion and Health
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164 Verified Questions
164 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) With respect to body chemistry and aggression,a particularly bad combination would appear to be:
A)High testosterone and high serotonin levels
B)Low testosterone and low serotonin levels
C)High testosterone and low serotonin levels
D)Low testosterone and high serotonin levels
Q2) Prozac can be used to reduce aggressiveness.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The amygdala is the most important part of the brain for the expression of emotional responses provoked by threatening events.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Peripheral blood vessel constriction occurs when the parasympathetic nervous system is active.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Pain sensations are separate from emotional reactions to pain.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Hearing and Language
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175 Verified Questions
175 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the functions of the two types of hair cells? What are the connections between them and the brain?
Q2) When individuals recover from brain damage and resultant aphasia,the recovery is the result of:
A)Areas in the opposite hemisphere assuming the role of the damaged areas
B)Other areas in the same hemisphere assuming the role of the damaged areas
C)Growth of the both hemispheres' language areas
D)Refinement of both hemispheres' language areas
Q3) The stapes presses against the:
A)Oval window
B)Tympanic membrane
C)Round window
D)Ossicles
Q4) Dyslexia refers to:
A)Word blindness
B)Left writing
C)Impairment of writing
D)Impairment of reading
Q5) How do we selectively listen as in the cocktail party effect?
Q6) How do we localize sound sources?
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Chapter 10: Vision and Visual Perception
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fact that the different layers of retina perform some processing,and then information is passed on to where more processing is conducted in the lateral geniculate nucleus and then passed on to the visual cortex where still more is performed,illustrates ___.
A)disparity processing
B)integrative processing
C)hierarchical processing
D)parallel processing
Q2) Adjacent retinal receptors activate adjacent cells in the visual cortex,a phenomenon called a:
A)Tonotopic map
B)Somatosensory map
C)Retinotopic map
D)Geniculotopic map
Q3) Describe how colors are detected and processed in the retina.Describe how colors are detected and processed in the magnocellular and parvocellular systems,in color blindness,complete and partial,and in color constancy.
Q4) Compare and contrast the anatomy and functions carried out by the dorsal and ventral streams.
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Chapter 11: The Body Senses and Movement
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208 Verified Questions
208 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the sense of proprioception,its receptors,and the functions of each.
Q2) Electrical stimulation of specific neurons can produce pain relief.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Parkinson's disease is caused by degeneration of neurons that release which neurotransmitter?
A)Acetylcholine
B)Substance P
C)Serotonin
D)Dopamine
Q4) Muscle spindles inhibit muscle contractions.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Give the name for the junction between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.
A)Motoric synapse
B)Neuromotoric synapse
C)Neuromuscular junction
D)Muscular synapse
Q6) List the cortical components of the motor system and their functions in performing movements.
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Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
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166 Verified Questions
166 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During confabulation episodes related to Korsakoff's syndrome,a person will usually not:
A)Create false stories to make up for missing memories
B)Have memories of the past intrude on the present
C)Knowingly lie
D)All of the above are behaviors of someone exhibiting Korsakoff's.
Q2) If there is no LTP in the hippocampus,there is no hippocampal-dependent learning in the organism.
A)True
B)False
Q3) CaMKII is an enzyme that is necessary for ___.
A)increased dendritic spines
B)LTP
C)anterograde amnesia
D)retrograde amnesia
Q4) Damage to the hippocampus disrupts:
A)Declarative memory
B)Skills memory
C)Procedural memory
D)Emotional learning
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Chapter 13: Intelligence and Cognitive Functioning
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168 Verified Questions
168 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although about 50% of intelligence is due to heredity:
A)This proportion changes across the lifespan
B)There are a lot of data that this is dependent on culture
C)Separating family members early decreases the influence
D)None of the above
Q2) Autism has been tentatively linked with genes on the ___.
A)X
B)Y
C)12th chromosome
D)4th chromosome
Q3) Based on what you know now,what gene might you speculate could be related to an abnormally small brain at birth?
A)ASPM gene
B)PACAP gene
C)AMSAC gene
D)PACAP precursor gene
Q4) Galton found a high correlation between reaction times and course grades.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How does brain thickness relate to IQ? Explain.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Phototherapy is an effective treatment for :
A)Sleep problems associated with shift work
B)Winter depression
C)Jet lag disruption of the circadian rhythm
D)All of the above
Q2) Phototherapy:
A)Suppresses the circadian rhythm
B)Works rapidly,but does not have lasting effects
C)Causes people to eat more carbohydrates,which makes them feel better
D)Only works if administered in the early morning
Q3) PTSD is effectively treated by traditional psychotherapy and drugs for anxiety.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following factors has not been associated with schizophrenia?
A)Birth complications
B)The immune response caused by a viral infections
C)Emotional stress of the father
D)Prenatal starvation
Q5) How is ECT administered? Under what conditions is it often used? Is it effective?
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Chapter 15: Sleep and Consciousness
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177 Verified Questions
177 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Commonly used inhalant anesthetics induce unconsciousness via ___.
A)blocking GABA receptors
B)blocking serotonin
C)inhibiting orexin receptors
D)desensitizing acetylcholine receptors
Q2) Awareness involves all of the following except:
A)Synchronization of activity
B)Brain wave activity in the gamma frequency range
C)Coordination of activity over wide areas of the brain
D)Integration of conscious and unconscious events
Q3) Awareness is an important part of consciousness,even though our behavior is often determined by factors we are not aware of.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The importance of sleep is especially seen in shift workers because:
A)Their performance is below that of non-shift workers
B)They must constantly change their schedules
C)Their behavioral demands seldom coincide with their sleep/wake cycles
D)All of the above
Q5) Why are sleeping pills not a good treatment for insomnia?
Page 17
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