Clinical Laboratory Science Test
Preparation
Course Introduction
Clinical Laboratory Science is the study of diagnostic laboratory procedures essential for the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. This course covers the principles and techniques used in clinical chemistry, hematology, microbiology, immunology, and molecular diagnostics. Students gain foundational knowledge of laboratory instrumentation, quality control, safety protocols, specimen collection and processing, and data analysis. Emphasis is placed on understanding the role of clinical laboratory professionals within the healthcare team and developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills necessary for accurate and reliable laboratory results.
Recommended Textbook
Linne Ringsruds Clinical Laboratory Science 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
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17 Chapters
529 Verified Questions
529 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Fundamentals of the Clinical Laboratory
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) screens for strep throat infections
A)hematology
B)clinical chemistry
C)immunohematology
D)immunology and serology
E)microbiology
Answer: E
Q2) NAACLS
A)American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science
B)National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Sciences
C)American Society of Clinical Pathologists
Answer: B
Q3) Which certifying agency or agencies have been granted deemed status to act on behalf of the federal government in matters of laboratory accreditation?
A) Commission on Office Laboratory Accreditation (COLA)
B) College of American Pathologists (CAP)
C) The Joint Commission (TJC)
D) Both b and c
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Safety in the Clinical Laboratory
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following legislative documents ensures that workers have safe and healthful working conditions?
A) Occupational Safety and Health Act
B) Hazard Communication Standard
C) Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA)
D) Both a and b
Answer: D
Q2) The definition of a biohazard is:
A) chemicals that can burn the skin severely.
B) flammable substances.
C) potentially infectious materials or agents.
D) explosive liquids.
Answer: C
Q3) The newest Patient Safety Goals with application to the laboratory includes:
A) improve accuracy of patient identification.
B) identify analytical errors by using quality control before releasing results.
C) decrease the laboratory turn-around time.
D) establish an exact protocol for testing outpatient specimens.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Quality Assessment and Quality Control in the Clinical Laboratory
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One way to determine a control range for a particular analysis is to:
A) assay an aliquot of the control serum with the regular batch of assays for 15 to 25 days.
B) treat a control sample exactly like an unknown specimen.
C) estimate the most reasonable value.
D) do both a and b.
Answer: B
Q2) ISO 15189 is based on:
A) ISO/IEC 17025.
B) ISO 9001.
C) CAP 15189.
D) both a and b.
Answer: D
Q3) An example of a preanalytical error is:
A) specimen obtained from a wrong patient.
B) lack of frequent preventive maintenance.
C) reporting of laboratory results by phone.
D) poorly trained phlebotomists.
Answer: A
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Phlebotomy: Collecting and Processing Blood
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18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most frequently analyzed specimen in the clinical laboratory is:
A) urine.
B) body fluids.
C) blood.
D) feces.
Q2) The pale,straw-colored fluid visible in clotted blood in a test tube is:
A) plasma.
B) serum.
C) fibrinogen.
D) fibrin.
Q3) Most mistakes in laboratory testing involve ____ errors.
A) preanalytical (pre-evaluation)
B) analytical (evaluation)
C) postanalytical (post-evaluation)
D) a combination of any of the above
Q4) Blood for the screening of newborns is for certain conditions such as:
A) phenylketonuria.
B) hypothyroidism.
C) galactosemia.
D) all of the above.
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Chapter 5: The Microscope
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A brightfield microscope may be converted to a darkfield microscope by:
A) use of a special darkfield condenser in place of the usual condenser.
B) replacement of the usual filters.
C) use of a special ocular.
D) changing the type of light source.
Q2) The magnifying powers of the usual microscope objectives are:
A) 5×, 10×, 20×.
B) 10×, 20×, 40×.
C) 10×, 40×, 80×.
D) 10×, 40×, 100×.
Q3) Fluorescent objects (natural,stained,or labeled)can be seen with a fluorescent microscope because they absorb the ____ light and emit light of yellow or ____ wavelength.
A) blue; green
B) red; orange
C) green; purple
D) purple; red
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Chapter 6: Systems of Measurement, laboratory
Equipment, and Reagents
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each new lot or batch of reagent should be tested with ____ with the existing reagent.
A) controls
B) standards
C) calibrators
D) all of the above
Q2) The purest grade of reagent water is:
A) deionized.
B) type I.
C) type II.
D) type III.
Q3) The labels on bottles should include:
A) the name and concentration of the reagent.
B) the date on which the reagent was prepared.
C) the initials of the person who made the reagent.
D) all of the above.
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Chapter 7: Laboratory Mathematics and Solution Preparation
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A significant figure should contain only the digits in a number needed to express the precision of the measurement.
A)True
B)False
Q2) specific gravity
A)the amount of matter per unit volume of a substance
B)relates the weight of 1 mL of a solution and the weight of 1 mL of pure water at 4°C (1 g)
Q3) Calculate the concentration expressed in percent,if 10 g of NaOH is diluted to 500 mL with water.
A) 1%
B) 2%
C) 5%
D) 10%
Q4) density
A)the amount of matter per unit volume of a substance
B)relates the weight of 1 mL of a solution and the weight of 1 mL of pure water at 4°C (1 g)
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Chapter 8: Basic and New Techniques in the Clinical Laboratory
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One criterion for a good standard curve is that the line goes through the origin,or intersect,of the two axes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) >750
A)not visible (infrared light)
B)red
C)orange
D)yellow
E)green
F)blue
G)violet
H)not visible (ultraviolet light)
Q3) A reaction format used in noncompetitive immunochemical assays includes:
A) sandwich assays.
B) two-site assays.
C) excess reagent assays.
D) all of the above.
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Chapter 9: Delivery of Laboratory Testing From Point of
Care to Total Automation
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26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) highly complex
A)slide examinations of freshly collected body fluids
B)simple procedures with little chance of negative outcomes if performed inaccurately
C)usually nonautomated, requiring considerable judgment
D)more complex than waived, usually automated
Q2) LIS can be applied to:
A) specimen processing.
B) inventory control.
C) data entry on patients' charts.
D) all of the above.
Q3) The three most highly automated areas of the clinical laboratory are:
A) microbiology, urinalysis, and hematology.
B) clinical chemistry, hematology, and urinalysis.
C) clinical chemistry, microbiology, and blood banking.
D) immunology, microbiology, and hematology.
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Chapter 10: Introduction to Clinical Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Estimation of the blood glucose level over the previous 4 to 6 weeks is determined with which test?
A) HbA<sub>1c</sub>
B) Ketones
C) Clinitest
D) Microalbumin
Q2) CEA
A)suggests early recurrence of breast cancer
B)secreted in endodermal sinus tumors
C)detected in choriocarcinoma
D)found in 20% of smokers
Q3) metabolic acidosis
A)decreased plasma bicarbonate
B)excess elimination of acid
C)acid-rich fluids are lost
D)decreased elimination of CO
Q4) Free T is ____ and thyroid stimulating hormone is ____ in hypothyroidism.
A) increased; decreased
B) decreased; increased
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Chapter 11: Principles and Practice of Clinical Hematology
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hemoglobin F makes up ____% of hemoglobin in an adult.
A) 5
B) 10
C) 25
D) 75
Q2) The reference range for the MCV is:
A) 65 to 85 pg.
B) 65 to 86 fL.
C) 80 to 96 g/dL.
D) 80 to 96 fL.
Q3) In normochromic,normocytic individuals,a quick quality control check on hemoglobin results can be done by:
A) remeasuring the hemoglobin.
B) checking the hematocrit.
C) comparing the hemoglobin and hematocrit results.
D) none of the above.
Q4) Heme iron is normally recycled for reuse.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Introduction to Hemostasis
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26 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most patients on warfarin therapy should maintain an international normalized ratio (INR)of approximately ____ times of a normal value.
A) 0.5-1.5
B) 1-2
C) 2-3
D) 3-4
Q2) Natural anticoagulants include:
A) antithrombin III (AT-III).
B) protein C.
C) protein S.
D) all of the above.
Q3) The protein "glue" that optimally binds platelets and collagen after vessel injury is:
A) fibronectin.
B) von Willebrand's Factor (VIII:vWF).
C) factor II.
D) factor I.
Q4) A function or activity of platelets is to secrete fibronectin.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Renal Physiology and Urinalysis
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58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) WBCs rapidly deteriorate in hypotonic solutions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Reagent strips for glucose detection use):
A) an enzyme, glucose oxidase.
B) a chemical, hydrogen peroxide.
C) a chemical, copper sulfate.
D) both a and b.
Q3) The function of the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney is to:
A) reduce the volume of the urine.
B) maintain water and electrolyte balance.
C) remove acid from the body.
D) do both b and c.
Q4) in the detection of blood in the urine,ascorbic acid in urine specimens containing more than 25 mg/dL
A)false positive
B)false negative
Q5) proteins are present without the presence of albumin
A)false positive
B)false negative
15
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Chapter 14: Examination of Body Fluids and Miscellaneous Specimens
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Sample Questions
Q1) If CSF has a xanthochromic appearance,it can indicate bleeding:
A) within 30 minutes to 1 hour.
B) within 1 to 2 hours.
C) between 12 hours and 2 to 4 weeks.
D) within the past month.
Q2) Seminal fluid may be examined for:
A) infertility studies.
B) postvasectomy assessment.
C) evaluation of probable sexual assault.
D) all of the above.
Q3) Ideally,a semen specimen should be analyzed within ____ of collection.
A) 30 minutes
B) 1 hour
C) 2 hours
D) 12 hours
Q4) Normally,____% or more of sperm are motile.
A) 15
B) 25
C) 50
D) 100
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Chapter 15: Introduction to Microbiology
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70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is done to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae?
A) Ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride
B) Optochin
C) Bile solubility
D) Desoxycholate
Q2) Which of the following is an agar disk diffusion method of testing for antimicrobial susceptibility?
A) Microdilution
B) Macrodilution
C) Kirby-Bauer method
D) MBC
Q3) If a microbiologist wants to add a selective and enriched medium for the recovery of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from genital specimens,which of the following would be appropriate?
A) Chocolate agar (CHOC)
B) Sheep blood agar (SBA or BA)
C) Modified Thayer-Martin agar (MTM)
D) Phenylethyl alcohol agar (PEA)
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Chapter 16: Immunology and Serology
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Sample Questions
Q1) An anamnestic response differs from a primary antibody response in several important aspects.The plateau levels in a secondary response are typically 10-fold or more than the plateau levels in the primary response.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A type IV hypersensitivity reaction manifestation can include:
A) contact sensitivity.
B) delayed hypersensitivity.
C) rejection of foreign tissue grafts.
D) all of the above.
Q3) The first line of body defense is:
A) unbroken skin.
B) normal biota.
C) body fluids (e.g., tears, saliva).
D) all of the above.
Q4) Factors that influence an individual's defense against disease include taking mega-doses of vitamins.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine
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Sample Questions
Q1) Whole blood
A)Best used when oxygen-carrying capacity is needed
B)Rarely used but can meet a patient's need for volume replacement, oxygen-carrying capacity, and heat-labile coagulation factors
C)Used to treat multiple coagulation deficiencies
D)Used to treat hemophilia
Q2) Monoclonal factor VIII
A)Best used when oxygen-carrying capacity is needed
B)Rarely used but can meet a patient's need for volume replacement, oxygen-carrying capacity, and heat-labile coagulation factors
C)Used to treat multiple coagulation deficiencies
D)Used to treat hemophilia
Q3) The presence of A,B,and H antigenic material in body secretions is regulated by:
A) precursor of A and B RBC antigens.
B) H gene.
C) Se gene.
D) A and B genes.
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