Clinical Laboratory Science
Question Bank
Course Introduction
Clinical Laboratory Science is the study of laboratory-based diagnostic techniques and procedures that are essential for the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. This course covers the principles and application of hematology, microbiology, clinical chemistry, immunology, transfusion medicine, molecular diagnostics, and laboratory management. Students gain hands-on experience in performing laboratory tests, interpreting results, maintaining quality control, and ensuring laboratory safety. Emphasis is placed on developing critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and ethical practices required for effective collaboration with healthcare professionals and delivering high-quality patient care.
Recommended Textbook
Medical Terminology for Health Professions 7 th Edition by Ann Ehrlich
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Medical Terminology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term ____________________ means wound or injury.
Answer: trauma
Q2) cardiac
A)abnormal stomach condition
B)above the ribs
C)pertaining to the heart
D)signs and symptoms that occur together
E)temporary disappearance of symptoms
Answer: C
Q3) Abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries is ____________________ (arteri/o means artery).
Answer: arteriosclerosis
Q4) The flow of frequent loose or watery stools is known as ____________________. Answer: diarrhea
Q5) Which prefix means between or among?
A) inter-
B) intra-
C) sub-
D) supra-
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: The Human Body in Health and Disease
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Sample Questions
Q1) spinal cavity
A)protects the spinal cord
B)protects the major organs of digestion
C)protects the heart and the lungs
D)protects the brain
E)protects reproductive and excretory system organs
Answer: A
Q2) hyperplasia
A)the defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue
B)incomplete development of an organ or tissue
C)a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
D)abnormal tissue development
E)abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement
Answer: E
Q3) The ____________________ cavity contains the organs of the digestive system.
Answer: abdominal
Q4) A/An ____________________ is a specialist in the study of tissue organization at all levels.
Answer: histologist
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity is known as ____________________.
Answer: osteoporosis
Q2) A closed fracture is one in which the bone is broken,but there is no open wound in the skin.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The surgical removal of the synovial membrane from a joint is a/an
Answer: synovectomy
Q4) A malignant tumor composed of blood-forming cells of the bone marrow is called a/an ____________________.
Answer: myeloma
Q5) The medical term meaning pain of the lumbar region of the spine is ____________________.
Answer: lumbago
Q6) The lower portion of the sternum is known as the ____________________ process.
Answer: xiphoid
Page 5
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Chapter 4: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A tenectomy is a surgical incision into a tendon for the purpose of lengthening it.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Heel spurs are hardened deposits in the plantar fascia that can be one of the causes of plantar fasciitis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Dystaxia is an inability to coordinate the muscles in the execution of voluntary movement.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Paralysis is the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements through disease or injury to its nerve supply.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Abnormal softening of muscle tissue is known as ____________________.
Q6) The condition of extreme slowness in movement is known as ____________________.This is one of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
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Chapter 5: The Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The passing of a catheter into the heart is known as cardiac ____________________.
Q2) An inflammation involving several arteries is known as ____________________.
Q3) angiostenosis
A)inflammation of a blood vessel
B)inflammation of a vein
C)narrowing of a blood vessel
D)spasmodic contraction of blood vessels
E)thickening and the loss of elasticity of arterial walls
Q4) The term ____ describes any situation in which the total number of leukocytes in the circulating blood is less than normal.
A) leukopenia
B) polycythemia
C) thrombocytopenia
D) thrombocytosis
Q5) The systemic condition caused by the spread of microorganisms and their toxins via the circulating blood is known as ____________________.
Q6) A/An ____________________,which is a characteristic of atherosclerosis,is a deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____ mark(s)these foreign invaders and attracts phagocytes to destroy these antigens.
A) Complement
B) Interferon
C) Lymphocytes
D) Plasma cells
Q2) A/An ____________________ is a type of white blood cell that surrounds and kills invading cells.
Q3) Each small bean-shaped ____________________ node contains specialized lymphocytes that are capable of destroying pathogens.
Q4) The use of radioactive materials in contact with or implanted into the tissues to be treated is known as ____________________.
Q5) rubella
A)transmitted by infected animals
B)may cause congenital abnormalities
C)caused by the Epstein-Barr virus
D)caused by herpes zoster
E)also known as varicella
Q6) The condition of bleeding from the spleen is known as ____________________.
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Chapter 7: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A/An ____ is a collection of pus within a body cavity.
A) empyema
B) emphysema
C) hemoptysis
D) pleural effusion
Q2) A specialist in disorders of the lungs and associated tissues is a/an
Q3) The medical term meaning an inflammation of the pharynx is ____________________.
Q4) Which condition is the abnormal escape of fluid into the pleural cavity?
A) pleural effusion
B) pneumothorax
C) pyothorax
D) hemothorax
Q5) Which term describes the exchange of gases within the cells of all the body organs and tissues?
A) alveolar exchange
B) external respiration
C) intercellular exchange
D) internal respiration
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Q6) The condition of bleeding from the lungs is known as ____________________.
Chapter 8: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) An antiemetic produces vomiting.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which term describes the breaking down of body cells or substances?
A) absorption
B) anabolism
C) catabolism
D) metabolism
Q3) The ____ is the last and longest portion of the small intestine.
A) cecum
B) duodenum
C) ileum
D) jejunum
Q4) Which term means difficulty in swallowing?
A) anorexia
B) dyspepsia
C) dysphagia
D) pyrosis
Q5) The procedure to suture the liver is a/an ____________________.
Q6) The inflammation of a diverticulum is known as ____________________.
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Chapter 9: The Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term describes a radiographic study of the kidneys,ureters,and bladder without the use of a contrast medium?
A) intravenous urography
B) IVP
C) KUB
D) retrograde urography
Q2) Ureterostenosis is the distention of a ureter.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A cystocele is a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A surgical incision into the renal pelvis is a/an ____________________.
Q5) Urine is the major waste product of protein metabolism.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Enuresis is the involuntary discharge of urine.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The term ____________________ describes the distention of a ureter.
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Chapter 10: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which condition is a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities,including memory,thinking,and judgment,that is often accompanied by personality changes?
A) delirium tremens
B) dementia
C) Reye's syndrome
D) schizophrenia
Q2) A panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected and repeated episodes known as panic attacks.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by ____.
A) a person acting sick when he or she is not really sick
B) exaggerated worry and tension even when there is little or nothing to provoke these feelings
C) multiple cognitive defects,including memory impairment
D) persistent,intrusive,excessive worry about multiple topics
Q4) The sleep disorder consisting of sudden and uncontrollable brief episodes of falling sleep during the day is known as ____________________.
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Chapter 11: Special Senses: the Eyes and Ears
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ is the drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to paralysis.
Q2) ____________________ is an inflammation of the sclera that is usually associated with infections,chemical injuries,or autoimmune diseases.
Q3) Xerophthalmia is also known as dry eye.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A conductive hearing loss is one in which the inner ear does not transmit sound normally.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which hearing loss is a gradual loss of sensorineural hearing that occurs as the body ages?
A) conductive
B) presbycusis
C) presbyopia
D) sensorineural
Q6) The pressure-related ear discomfort often caused by changes in pressure when flying is known as ____________________.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A biopsy is the removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The medical term for the appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin is ____.
A) hematoma
B) patch
C) petechiae
D) purpura
Q3) The ____________________ glands are located in the dermis layer of the skin and are closely associated with hair follicles.
Q4) ____________________ is commonly known an ingrown toenail.
Q5) Which term describes the half-moon-shaped white region at the nail root?
A) cuticle
B) eponychium
C) lunula
D) unguis
Q6) The medical term describing any fungal infection of the nail is
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Chapter 13: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Skin pigmentation is increased by the ____________________ -stimulating hormone.
Q2) Conn's syndrome occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone.
A)True
B)False
Q3) estrogen
A)prepares the uterus for possible pregnancy
B)regulates the menstrual cycle
C)stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth
D)stimulates the growth of ova
E)stimulates ovulation
Q4) ____________________,also known as adrenaline,stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress or other stimuli.
Q5) pineal
A)control glucose metabolism
B)regulate calcium levels
C)influence sleep-wakefulness cycle
D)regulate electrolyte levels
E)active in immune reaction
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Q6) An inflammation of the adrenal glands is known as ____________________.
Chapter 14: The Reproductive Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) A vasectomy is the male sterilization procedure.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An inflammation of a fallopian tube is known as ____.
A) mastitis
B) oophoritis
C) orchitis
D) salpingitis
Q3) Lochia is the vaginal discharge during the first week or two after childbirth.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The fundus is the bulging rounded part above the entrance of the fallopian tubes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Anovulation is the absence of ovulation when it would be normally expected.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The condition of an inflammation of an ovary is known as
Q7) A/An ____________________ is the surgical removal of uterine fibroids.
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Chapter 15: Diagnostic Procedures and Pharmacology
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Sample Questions
Q1) proteinuria
A)glucose in the urine
B)excess serum protein in the urine
C)pus in the urine
D)calcium in the urine
E)bacteria in the urine
Q2) ID
A)administration through a hypodermic syringe
B)injection directly into a vein
C)injection directly into muscle tissue
D)injection just below the skin
E)injection into the middle layers of the skin
Q3) ____________________ is the diagnostic procedure to determine the density of a body part by the sound produced by tapping the surface with the fingers.
Q4) a.c.
A)after meals
B)before meals
C)by mouth
D)every day
E)every hour
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Chapter 16: Word Parts
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Q1) Paralysis of all four extremities is known as ____.
A) hemiparesis
B) hemiplegia
C) myoparesis
D) quadriplegia
Q2) Which term describes an abnormal passage between two organs or leading from an organ to the surface of the body?
A) fistula
B) infection
C) inflammation
D) laceration
Q3) A/An ____ is an injury to a joint such as the ankle,knee,or wrist.
A) hamstring injury
B) shin splint
C) sprain
D) strain
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Chapter 17: Abbreviations
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Q1) Which term describes the study of the functions of the structures of the body?
A) anatomy
B) histology
C) pathology
D) physiology
Q2) Which term means any abnormal condition of the stomach?
A) gastralgia
B) gastritis
C) gastrorrhagia
D) gastrosis
Q3) Which term describes the rupture of a muscle?
A) hernia
B) myocele
C) myorrhaphy
D) myorrhexis
Q4) Which term means pain or discomfort in digestion?
A) dyspepsia
B) dysphagia
C) dyspnea
D) pyrosis
Page 19
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