Clinical Laboratory Science
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Clinical Laboratory Science is a dynamic field that focuses on the analysis of body fluids, tissues, and cells to aid in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. This course introduces students to the principles and techniques used in clinical laboratories, including hematology, clinical chemistry, microbiology, immunology, and blood banking. Emphasis is placed on laboratory safety, quality control, result interpretation, and the integration of scientific knowledge with clinical practice. Students gain hands-on experience with modern laboratory instruments and learn problem-solving skills essential for effective collaboration within a healthcare team.
Recommended Textbook
Medical Terminology for Health Professions 7 th Edition by Ann Ehrlich
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17 Chapters
1650 Verified Questions
1650 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Medical Terminology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which suffix means a surgical creation of an artificial opening?
A) -ectomy
B) -otomy
C) -ostomy
D) -plasty
Answer: C
Q2) The ____ is part of the hip bone.
A) iliac
B) ileum
C) ileus
D) ilium
Answer: D
Q3) The term ____________________ describes an inflammation of the appendix (appendic/o means appendix).
Answer: appendicitis
Q4) The inflammation of a joint is known as ____________________ (arthr/o means joint).
Answer: arthritis
Q5) The term ____________________ means wound or injury.
Answer: trauma
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Chapter 2: The Human Body in Health and Disease
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a recessive gene for a disease is inherited from ____.
A) both parents,the offspring will have a 50-50 chance of developing that condition
B) both parents,the offspring will have that condition
C) only one parent,the offspring will have that condition
D) only one parent,the offspring will have a 50-50 chance of developing that condition
Answer: B
Q2) Somatic cell mutation can be transmitted to the offspring.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) visceral peritoneum
A)outer layer of membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
B)membrane that protects and supports organs in the abdominal cavity
C)located behind the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity
D)inner layer of membrane that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
E)suspends parts of the intestine within the abdominal cavity
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A malignant tumor composed of blood-forming cells of the bone marrow is called a/an ____________________.
Answer: myeloma
Q2) The lower portion of the sternum is known as the ____________________ process.
Answer: xiphoid
Q3) The attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation is known as ____.
A) closed reduction
B) immobilization
C) stabilization
D) traction
Answer: A
Q4) Which term describes the partial dislocation of a bone from its joint?
A) ankylosis
B) lumbago
C) luxation
D) subluxation
Answer: D
Q5) An inflammation of a bursa is known as ____________________. Answer: bursitis
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Chapter 4: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A sudden,involuntary contraction of one or more muscles is known as a/an
Q2) The condition of extreme slowness in movement is known as ____________________.This is one of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
Q3) Transverse means in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Weakness and wasting away caused by disuse of the muscle over a long period of time is known as ____.
A) atrophy
B) dystonia
C) hypotonia
D) myotonia
Q5) internal
A)deeper location
B)largest muscle
C)near the surface
D)toward the midline
E)toward the side
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Chapter 5: The Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Digitalis is often used to treat congestive heart failure or certain types of arrhythmias.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Hypoperfusion is a deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body part.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An inflammation of the inner layer of the heart is known as ____________________.
Q4) An artificial pacemaker is an implanted device that acts as an automatic defibrillator.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Duplex ultrasound is a diagnostic procedure to image the structures of the blood vessels and the flow of blood through these vessels.
A)True
B)False
Q6) An abnormal increase in the number of red cells in the blood due to excess production of these cells by the bone marrow is known as ____________________.
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Chapter 6: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____ mark(s)these foreign invaders and attracts phagocytes to destroy these antigens.
A) Complement
B) Interferon
C) Lymphocytes
D) Plasma cells
Q2) ____ is breast cancer at its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct.
A) Ductal carcinomas in situ
B) Infiltrating ductal carcinomas
C) Infiltrating lobular carcinomas
D) Invasive lobular carcinomas
Q3) Which blood test is used to confirm an HIV diagnosis?
A) ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
B) Mantoux test
C) monoclonal antibodies
D) Western blot
Q4) ____________________ shock is a serious condition that occurs when an overwhelming bacterial infection affects the body.
Q5) The ____________________ lymph nodes are located along the sides of the neck.
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Chapter 7: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pyothorax is an accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The surgical creation of an opening into the chest is known as a/an ____________________.
Q3) Pneumoconiosis is fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs,and it usually develops after prolonged environmental or occupational contact.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which condition is the abnormal escape of fluid into the pleural cavity?
A) pleural effusion
B) pneumothorax
C) pyothorax
D) hemothorax
Q5) An accumulation of fluid in the lung tissues is known as a pulmonary ____________________.
Q6) ____________________ is pain in the pleura that occurs in relation to breathing movements.
Q7) The surgical removal of the larynx is known as a/an ____________________.
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Chapter 8: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Papillae are the folds in the mucosa lining the stomach.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ____ is the twisting of the intestine on itself that causes an obstruction.This condition usually occurs in infancy.
A) Inguinal hernia
B) Intussusception
C) Strangulated hernia
D) Volvulus
Q3) A/An ____ is an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract.
A) esophagogastroduodenoscopy
B) esophagoscopy
C) gastroscopy
D) sigmoidoscopy
Q4) Which term describes the return of swallowed food into the mouth?
A) emesis
B) nausea
C) regurgitation
D) vomiting
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A ureterolith is a stone in the urethra.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Trigonitis is an inflammation of the urinary bladder that is localized in the region of the trigone.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Renal colic is caused by inflammation of the kidney.
A)True
B)False
Q4) hydronephrosis
A)suppuration of the kidney
B)inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney
C)inflammation of the renal pelvis
D)downward displacement of the kidney
E)dilation of the renal pelvis
Q5) Enuresis is the involuntary discharge of urine.
A)True
B)False
Q6) A surgical incision into the renal pelvis is a/an ____________________.
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Chapter 10: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) glial cells
A)automatic,involuntary response to some change
B)basic cells of the nervous system
C)a space between neurons
D)supply of nerves to a body part
E)provide support and protection for neurons
Q2) The sleep disorder consisting of sudden and uncontrollable brief episodes of falling sleep during the day is known as ____________________.
Q3) sedative
A)administered to treat symptoms of neurological and psychiatric illnesses
B)suppresses anxiety and relaxes muscles
C)depresses the central nervous system and usually produces sleep
D)produces calm without producing sleep
E)prevents or relieves depression
Q4) An abnormal sensation,such as burning,tingling,or numbness,for no apparent reason is known as ____________________.
Q5) The loss of the ability to speak,write,or comprehend the written or spoken word is known as ____________________.
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Chapter 11: Special Senses: the Eyes and Ears
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Sample Questions
Q1) The medical term for the substance commonly known as earwax is
Q2) A conductive hearing loss is one in which the inner ear does not transmit sound normally.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ____ is a disease in which the amount of fluid in the inner ear increases intermittently,producing attacks of vertigo,a fluctuating hearing loss (usually in one ear),and ringing of the ears.
A) Eustachitis
B) Labyrinthitis
C) Ménière's disease
D) Tinnitus
Q4) An iridectomy is the surgical removal of a portion of the iris tissue.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A/An ____________________ is a pus-filled lesion on the eyelid resulting from an infection in a sebaceous gland.
Q6) An inflammation of the eustachian tube is known as ____________________.
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Q7) The term meaning the turning outward of the eyelid edge is ____________________.
Chapter 12: The Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) hyperhidrosis
A)excessive sweating
B)heat rash
C)lacking sweat
D)production and excretion of sweat
E)profuse sweating
Q2) polyp
A)skin growth that hangs by a fine stalk
B)abnormally raised scar
C)wart
D)benign fatty deposit under the skin
E)mushroom-like growth on mucous membrane
Q3) Mohs' surgery is a technique used to treat skin cancer.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Dandruff is a form of seborrheic keratosis.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The medical term meaning excessively dry skin is ____________________.
Page 14
Q6) ____________________ is commonly known an ingrown toenail.
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Chapter 13: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) parathyroids
A)control glucose metabolism
B)regulate calcium levels
C)influence sleep-wakefulness cycle
D)regulate electrolyte levels
E)active in immune reaction
Q2) melatonin
A)has a role in the immune system
B)influences sex-related characteristics
C)stimulates the sympathetic nervous system
D)influences the sleep-wakefulness cycles
E)increases glucose in the bloodstream
Q3) Which hormone stimulates the conversion of excess glucose to glycogen for storage?
A) calcitonin
B) glucagon
C) insulin
D) thymosin
Q4) ____________________ syndrome is a disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone.
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Chapter 14: The Reproductive Systems
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Q1) corpus
A)bulging rounded part of the uterus
B)fluid-filled sac containing a single ovum
C)fringed fingerlike extensions that catch the ovum
D)funnel-shaped opening into each fallopian tube
E)middle portion of the uterus
Q2) Dysmenorrhea is an absence of menstrual periods.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The condition known as ____ is characterized by severe itching of the external female genitalia.
A) leukorrhea
B) perineurium pruritis
C) pruritus vulvae
D) vaginal candidiasis
Q4) The ____ is the tough-membrane outer layer of the uterus.
A) endometrium
B) myometrium
C) perimetrium
D) uterine corpus
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Diagnostic Procedures and Pharmacology
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Sample Questions
Q1) A subcutaneous injection (SC)is made into the fatty layer just below the skin.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The record produced by diagnostic ultrasound is a scintigram.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ____ is the presence of the protein albumin in the urine and is a sign of impaired kidney function.
A) Albuminuria
B) Calciuria
C) Glycosuria
D) Hematuria
Q4) proteinuria
A)glucose in the urine
B)excess serum protein in the urine
C)pus in the urine
D)calcium in the urine
E)bacteria in the urine
Q5) A substance that eases the severity of a disease but does not cure it is known as a/an ____________________.
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Chapter 16: Word Parts
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Sample Questions
Q1) The blockage of a blood vessel by a foreign object circulating in the blood is known as a/an ____.
A) embolism
B) embolus
C) thrombosis
D) thrombus
Q2) The medical term for heartburn is ____.
A) paresthesia
B) pruritis
C) purulent
D) pyrosis
Q3) ____ is characterized by hyperthyroidism,goiter,and exophthalmos.
A) Cretinism
B) Down syndrome
C) Graves' disease
D) Thyrotoxicosis
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Chapter 17: Abbreviations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The liver removes excess glucose (blood sugar)from the bloodstream and form of ____,which is a form of starch.
A) bilirubin
B) glycogen
C) hemoglobin
D) insulin
Q2) Which procedure is the surgical removal of the rectum?
A) anoplasty
B) proctectomy
C) proctoplasty
D) proctopexy
Q3) Which term describes the study of the functions of the structures of the body?
A) anatomy
B) histology
C) pathology
D) physiology
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